CN106128286B - Fire test device and method for transfer passage of subway elevated station and underground station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fire tests, in particular to a fire test device and method used for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station. The fire test device includes a first horizontal passage, a first escalator inclined passage, a second horizontal passage, a second escalator inclined passage and a third horizontal passage, wherein the first horizontal passage, the first escalator inclined passage, At least one set of top smoke exhaust devices are respectively provided on the ceilings of the second horizontal passage, the inclined passage of the second stair escalator and the third horizontal passage. fan. The invention can simulate the fire state in the horizontal passage and the stair passage, exhaust smoke through the top smoke exhaust device, obtain the smoke diffusion law, and formulate the smoke control model under different smoke exhaust modes, so as to induce the smoke in the passage. Flow and discharge in time to create a safe path for personnel evacuation in an emergency.

Description

A fire test device for the transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station and the method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire tests, in particular to a fire test device and method used for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station.

Background technique

For fire smoke control with stair and escalator structures, most studies focus on the analysis of smoke flow and chimney effect when multiple stairs are connected in residential buildings; for inclined and long passages, existing studies have established natural ventilation and longitudinal ventilation conditions The flue gas spread velocity model, the flue gas temperature distribution model in the upwind and downwind directions, the highest ceiling temperature prediction model, etc. These technical achievements are partially applied to smoke control and personnel evacuation of high-rise residential fires, as well as smoke prevention and exhaust design of inclined tunnels.

For the transfer passage between the elevated subway station and the underground station, the existing technology uses the tunnel as the design prototype of the narrow and long space, and the slope is much less than 30°. Therefore, the research on the inclined narrow and long space lacks the research conclusion in the case of large slope.

In the existing research on fire smoke control in inclined and long space, only a certain section of the structure with a slope is used as the research object, and due to the large height difference between the subway elevated station and the underground station, at least two stairway passages are set, and There is a certain distance between them, so the existing research lacks the fire smoke control technology in the case of connecting multiple stair and escalator passages in the same direction.

Due to the limitations of geological conditions or ground construction, the transfer passage between the elevated subway station and the underground station usually consists of several horizontal passages and at least two stair escalator passages, and the distance between the horizontal transfer passages is long, and the existing research lacks multiple inclined buildings. When the escalator passage is connected with the horizontal passage, the smoke prevention and exhaust technology when the fire source is placed in different positions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fire test device and method for the transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station. At times, the flue gas is difficult to be induced to flow in a limited area and be eliminated in time, thus seriously threatening the problem of safe evacuation of personnel.

(2) Technical solutions

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fire test device for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station, including a first horizontal passage, a first stair escalator inclined passage, a second Horizontal passage, second stair escalator inclined passage and third horizontal passage, wherein said first horizontal passage, first stair escalator inclined passage, second horizontal passage, second stair escalator inclined passage and third horizontal passage are on the ceiling At least one set of top smoke exhaust devices are respectively provided, and each group of the top smoke exhaust devices includes a ventilation duct, a plurality of smoke exhaust ports arranged at the bottom of the ventilation duct, and a smoke exhaust fan arranged at one end of the ventilation duct.

Further, the first horizontal passage is arranged on the ground, the first escalator inclined passage is supported and arranged by a first bracket, the second horizontal passage is supported and arranged by a second bracket, and the second escalator inclined passage is arranged. The third horizontal channel is supported and arranged by a third bracket, and the third horizontal channel is supported and arranged by a fourth bracket.

Further, each of the smoke exhaust ports is provided with an adjustable air valve.

Further, each group of the top smoke exhaust devices includes two rows of smoke exhaust ports arranged in parallel, and the smoke exhaust ports in each row are evenly arranged.

Further, the ventilation duct includes a main ventilation duct and an auxiliary ventilation duct arranged above the main ventilation duct, wherein the main ventilation duct and the auxiliary ventilation duct are arranged in parallel, and the main ventilation duct and the auxiliary ventilation duct are arranged in parallel. The ventilation ducts are connected by an arc-shaped elbow, and the smoke exhaust fan is arranged at the outlet of the auxiliary ventilation duct.

Specifically, the length of the main ventilation duct is greater than the length of the auxiliary ventilation duct.

Specifically, the slopes of the first escalator inclined passage and the second escalator inclined passage are both 30°.

Further, the fire test device for the transfer passage between the elevated subway station and the underground station is characterized in that: it also includes a fire source point, and the fire source point is arranged in the first horizontal passage and the first stair escalator inclined passage. , the second horizontal passage, the second stair escalator inclined passage or the third horizontal passage.

The present invention also provides a fire test method for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station, which specifically includes the following steps:

Select the position of the fire source point, and set the fire source point in the measurement channel, and the measurement channel is the first horizontal channel, the first escalator inclined channel, the second horizontal channel, the second stair escalator inclined channel or the third horizontal channel aisle;

Use methanol, gasoline or liquefied gas as fuel to make oil pool fire or gas fire as the fire source, and place the fire source on the selected fire source point to simulate the fire scene;

Determine the number of smoke exhaust ports and the air volume of the smoke exhaust fan according to the fuel used and the position of the selected ignition source;

Collect flue gas flow characteristic data within the height range of 1/4H to 1/2H from the ground and below the exhaust port in the measurement channel, where H is the internal height of the measurement channel, and the flue gas flow characteristic data includes flue gas temperature, CO concentration, CO ₂ concentration and visibility.

Further, at least five longitudinal fire source positions are set along the longitudinal direction of the measurement channel, the fire sources are respectively placed at each longitudinal fire source position, and the flue gas flow characteristic data corresponding to each longitudinal fire source position is collected.

Further, at least five lateral fire source positions are set laterally along the cross section of the measurement channel, the fire sources are placed at each lateral fire source position respectively, and the flue gas flow characteristic data corresponding to each lateral fire source position is collected.

(3) Beneficial effects

The above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:

The fire test device and method for the transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station according to the present invention, in view of the characteristics of large height difference and long transfer distance between the elevated subway station and the underground station, can be used in a plurality of stair and escalator inclined passages and horizontal In the case of channel connection, the fire situation in the horizontal channel and the inclined channel of the stairway is simulated, and the smoke is exhausted through the top smoke exhaust device, so as to obtain the smoke diffusion law, and the smoke control model under different smoke exhaust modes is formulated, and then The flue gas is induced to flow in the channel and be discharged in time, creating a safe path for personnel evacuation in emergency situations.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire test device used for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a fire test device used for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1: The first horizontal passage; 2: The first floor escalator inclined passage; 3: The second horizontal passage; 4: The second floor escalator inclined passage; 5: The third horizontal passage; 6: Ventilation duct; 7: Row 8: smoke exhaust fan; 9: first support; 10: second support; 11: third support; 12: fourth support.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fire test device for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station. A 1:5 scale experimental model of the transfer passage between the elevated subway station and the underground station. The fire test device includes a first horizontal passage 1, a first escalator inclined passage 2, a second horizontal passage 3, a second escalator inclined passage 4 and a third horizontal passage 5 sequentially connected from left to right. The ceilings of the first horizontal passage 1, the first escalator inclined passage 2, the second horizontal passage 3, the second escalator inclined passage 4 and the third horizontal passage 5 are respectively provided with at least one set of top smoke exhaust devices. The top smoke exhaust device includes a ventilation duct 6 , a plurality of smoke exhaust ports 7 arranged at the bottom of the ventilation duct 6 , and a smoke exhaust fan 8 arranged at one end of the ventilation duct 6 .

Further, the first horizontal channel 1 is arranged on the ground, the first escalator inclined channel 2 is supported and arranged by a first bracket 9, the second horizontal channel 3 is supported and arranged by a second bracket 10, and the The second escalator inclined passage 4 is supported and arranged by the third bracket 11 , and the third horizontal channel 5 is supported and arranged by the fourth bracket 12 .

Specifically, each of the smoke exhaust ports 7 is respectively provided with an adjustable air valve to realize the flexible switch of the smoke exhaust port, so as to study the ventilation and smoke exhaust measures in different fire scenarios.

Specifically, each group of the top smoke exhaust devices includes two rows of smoke exhaust ports 7 arranged in parallel, and each row of the smoke exhaust ports 7 is evenly arranged along the extending direction of the passage.

Specifically, the ventilation duct 6 includes a main ventilation duct and an auxiliary ventilation duct arranged above the main ventilation duct, wherein the main ventilation duct and the auxiliary ventilation duct are arranged in parallel, and the length of the main ventilation duct is greater than The length of the auxiliary ventilation duct, and the main ventilation duct and the auxiliary ventilation duct are connected by an arc-shaped elbow, and the smoke exhaust fan 8 is arranged at the outlet of the auxiliary ventilation duct.

Specifically, the slopes of the first escalator inclined passage and the second escalator inclined passage are both 30°.

Further, the fire test device described in this embodiment also includes a fire source point, and the fire source point is set in the first horizontal passage, the first escalator inclined passage, the second horizontal passage, the second escalator inclined passage or In the third horizontal channel, it is used to simulate the fire scene.

With the fire test device of the present invention, in view of the characteristics of large height difference and long transfer distance between the elevated subway station and the underground station, in the case of connecting multiple stair and escalator inclined passages and horizontal passages, it is possible to simulate the horizontal passage and stair escalator. The fire state in the inclined channel is analyzed, and the smoke is exhausted through the top smoke exhaust device, so as to obtain the smoke diffusion law, and the smoke control model under different smoke exhaust modes is formulated, and then the flue gas is induced to flow in the channel and be discharged in time, as Creation of safe paths for the evacuation of people in an emergency.

Embodiment 2

An embodiment of the present invention provides a fire test method for a transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station. The fire test device for the transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station described in Embodiment 1 is used to conduct the test, which specifically includes the following steps: Follow the steps below:

Select the position of the fire source point, and set the fire source point in the measurement channel, and the measurement channel is the first horizontal channel, the first escalator inclined channel, the second horizontal channel, the second stair escalator inclined channel or the third horizontal channel aisle;

Use methanol, gasoline or liquefied gas as fuel, make oil pool fire or gas fire as the fire source, place the fire source at the selected fire source position, and simulate the fire of luggage carried by passengers in the measurement channel or other equipment in the measurement channel fire scene;

Determine the number of smoke exhaust ports and the air volume of the smoke exhaust fan according to the fuel used and the position of the selected ignition source;

Collect flue gas flow characteristic data within the height range of 1/4H to 1/2H from the ground and below the exhaust port in the measurement channel, where H is the internal height of the measurement channel, and the flue gas flow characteristic data includes flue gas temperature, CO concentration, CO ₂ concentration and visibility.

Further, at least five longitudinal fire source positions are set along the longitudinal direction of the measurement channel, the fire sources are respectively placed at each longitudinal fire source position, and the flue gas flow characteristic data corresponding to each longitudinal fire source position is collected.

Further, at least five lateral fire source positions are set laterally along the cross section of the measurement channel, the fire sources are placed at each lateral fire source position respectively, and the flue gas flow characteristic data corresponding to each lateral fire source position is collected.

Through the fire test method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a set of flue gas flow characteristic data for different top smoke exhaust modes can be obtained, and by analyzing the obtained set of data, it is possible to evaluate the measurement channel under different top smoke exhaust modes. The degree of harm of flue gas toxicity and temperature to personnel within the height range of 1/4H ~ 1/2H.

Through the fire test method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, according to the temperature under the smoke exhaust port of the measurement channel and the measurement data results of the toxic gas concentration, combined with the flue gas temperature and the toxic gas concentration in the smoke layer, it is possible to analyze the results under different smoke exhaust modes. The exhaust efficiency of each exhaust port, and determine whether it has a breakdown effect.

The fire test method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can perform dimensionless processing on the acquired flue gas flow characteristic data, and establish a mathematical model for the control of flue gas within the height range of 1/4H to 1/2H by the top ventilation, thereby proposing The best ventilation and smoke extraction mode.

Through the fire test method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the buoyancy force and inertial force of the smoke can be analyzed, and the dimensionless prediction model of the breakdown effect under the smoke exhaust port can be established, so as to provide a reference for the smoke prevention and exhaust design of this type of channel structure. in accordance with.

To sum up, the fire test device and method for the transfer passage between an elevated subway station and an underground station according to the present invention can be used in many When the stair passageway is connected with the long horizontal passageway, simulate the fire state in the horizontal passageway and the stairway passageway, and exhaust smoke by setting the top smoke exhaust device to induce the flue gas to flow in the passageway and be discharged in time, for emergency situations Evacuation creates safe paths. At the same time, the invention can obtain the flue gas diffusion law, formulate the flue gas control models under different smoke exhaust modes, and provide a reference for the smoke prevention and exhaust design of such channel structures.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a fire test device that is used for subway elevated station and underground station to transfer passageway which characterized in that: the device comprises a first horizontal channel, a first staircase inclined channel, a second horizontal channel, a second staircase inclined channel and a third horizontal channel which are sequentially connected from left to right, wherein at least one group of top smoke exhaust devices are respectively arranged on ceilings of the first horizontal channel, the first staircase inclined channel, the second horizontal channel, the second staircase inclined channel and the third horizontal channel, and each group of top smoke exhaust devices comprises a ventilation pipeline, a plurality of smoke exhaust ports arranged at the bottom of the ventilation pipeline and a smoke exhaust fan arranged at one end of the ventilation pipeline;

the ventilation pipeline comprises a main ventilation pipeline and an auxiliary ventilation pipeline arranged above the main ventilation pipeline, wherein the main ventilation pipeline and the auxiliary ventilation pipeline are arranged in parallel, the main ventilation pipeline and the auxiliary ventilation pipeline are connected through an arc-shaped bent pipe, and the smoke exhaust fan is arranged at an outlet of the auxiliary ventilation pipeline;

the length of the main ventilating duct is greater than that of the auxiliary ventilating duct;

wherein, each smoke outlet is provided with an adjustable air valve.

2. The fire test device for the transfer passage of the subway elevated station and the underground station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first horizontal channel is arranged on the ground, the first building escalator inclined channel is supported and arranged through a first support, the second horizontal channel is supported and arranged through a second support, the second building escalator inclined channel is supported and arranged through a third support, and the third horizontal channel is supported and arranged through a fourth support.

3. The fire test device for the transfer passage of the subway elevated station and the underground station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each group of top smoke exhaust devices comprises two rows of smoke exhaust ports which are arranged in parallel, and the smoke exhaust ports in each row are uniformly arranged.

4. The fire test device for the transfer passage of the subway elevated station and the underground station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slopes of the first escalator inclined passage and the second escalator inclined passage are both 30 degrees.

5. The fire test device for the transfer passage of the subway elevated station and the underground station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fire source device is characterized by further comprising a fire source point, wherein the fire source point is arranged in the first horizontal channel, the first staircase inclined channel, the second horizontal channel, the second staircase inclined channel or the third horizontal channel.

6. A fire test method based on the fire test device for the transfer passage of the subway elevated station and the underground station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:

selecting the position of a fire source point, and arranging the fire source point in a measuring channel, wherein the measuring channel is a first horizontal channel, a first staircase inclined channel, a second horizontal channel, a second staircase inclined channel or a third horizontal channel;

methanol, gasoline or liquefied gas is used as fuel, oil pool fire or gas fire is produced as a fire source, and the fire source is placed on a selected fire source point to simulate a fire scene;

determining the number of smoke outlets and the air quantity of a smoke exhaust fan according to the adopted fuel and the selected position of the fire source point, so as to realize the opening and closing of the smoke outlets through adjustable air valves on the smoke outlets;

collecting smoke flow characteristic data in the measuring channel within the height range of 1/4H-1/2H from the ground and below the smoke outlet, wherein H is the internal height of the measuring channel, and the smoke flow characteristic data comprise smoke temperature, CO concentration, CO2 concentration and visibility.

7. A fire test method as set forth in claim 6, wherein:

setting at least five longitudinal fire source point positions along the longitudinal direction of the measuring channel, respectively placing fire sources at the longitudinal fire source point positions, and collecting flue gas flow characteristic data corresponding to the longitudinal fire source point positions;

at least five transverse fire source point positions are transversely arranged along the section of the measuring channel, the fire sources are respectively placed at the transverse fire source point positions, and smoke flow characteristic data corresponding to the transverse fire source point positions are collected.

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