CN106124274A - Sanding gear for geologic structure physical modelling experiment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a sand spreading device used for physical simulation experiments of geological structures, and relates to the field of structural geology research. The sand spreading device used for the physical simulation experiment of geological structure includes: an experimental platform, a support mechanism is provided on the experimental platform, a sand spreading mechanism is provided on the support mechanism, and the sand spreading mechanism is connected with a power mechanism, The power mechanism is used to drive the sand spreading mechanism to move along the support mechanism, and the sand layer is laid on the experiment platform by the sand spreading mechanism moving along the support mechanism. The sand laying device used in the geological structure physical simulation experiment provided by the present invention drives the sand laying mechanism to move along the support mechanism through the power mechanism, and lays a sand layer on the experiment platform, which effectively reduces the labor of the experimenter. The labor intensity is reduced, the sanding work cycle is reduced, and the efficiency of the geological structure physical simulation experiment is improved.

Description

Sand spreading device for physical simulation experiment of geological structure

technical field

The invention relates to the field of structural geology research, in particular to a sand laying device used for physical simulation experiments of geological structures.

Background technique

The physical simulation experiment of geological structure is an effective experimental method to study the movement and geometric deformation of geological structure. This is to explore the formation and evolution of geological structures, explore the development mechanism of geological structures, and realize the quantitative analysis of the deformation process of geological structures. At present, the physical simulation experiment of geological structure has been widely used in scientific and production research, involving minerals, energy, environment, disaster prevention and other fields, deepening geological understanding, promoting multi-disciplinary development, and providing effective guidance for practical work and production , showing good application prospects.

The physical simulation experiment of geological structure usually needs to lay multiple layers of experimental materials on the experimental platform to simulate the actual stratum according to the principle of similarity, and then simulate the deformation process of geological structure under certain conditions in the laboratory; the experimental material is usually sand. In the prior art, the work of laying the sand layer on the test bench is done manually, which makes the labor intensity of the experimenters high, the sand layer laying and smoothing work cycle is long, and the thickness of a single sand layer is difficult to accurately control, which reduces the geological structure physics. The efficiency and accuracy of simulation experiments.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a sand spreading device for physical simulation experiments of geological structures, which can effectively reduce the labor intensity of experimenters.

The invention provides a sand spreading device for physical simulation experiments of geological structures, comprising: an experimental platform, a supporting mechanism is provided on the experimental platform, a sand spreading mechanism is provided on the supporting mechanism, and the sand spreading mechanism and the power The mechanism is connected, and the power mechanism is used to drive the sand spreading mechanism to move along the support mechanism, and the sand layer is laid on the experiment platform by the sand spreading mechanism moving along the support mechanism.

Further, the support mechanism includes two slide rails arranged in parallel and a plurality of support rods, the slide rails are arranged parallel to the test bench, and the support rods are connected between the test bench and the slide rails to support the slide rail; side baffles are provided between the slide rail and the test bench.

Further, the sand spreading mechanism includes a funnel, and the funnel is used for holding sand; the two sides of the bottom end of the funnel are provided with slide plates, and the slide plates cooperate with the slide rails, and the slide plates are connected with the power mechanism connected so that the funnel can move along the slide rail; the slide plate is also connected with a flat sand scraper, and the flat sand scraper is set perpendicular to the test bench, and the flat sand scraper is used to Scrape the surface of the sand layer.

Further, the sand spreading mechanism also includes: a clamping rod installed at one end of the slide rail, and the clamping rod is arranged parallel to the test bench; a plurality of clamps are connected between the clamping rod and the test bench A clamping strip, the bottom end of the clamping strip away from the clamping rod is provided with a splicing block, the bottom end of the splicing block is attached to the test bench, and the clamping strip is used to fix the splicing block; the sliding The other end of the rail is provided with a movable baffle.

Further, the splicing block includes: a base block, a side bottom block and a heightening block; the top surface of the base block has a first protrusion, one end side has a second protrusion, and the other end side has a second groove; The top surface of the side bottom block has a first protrusion, and one end side has a second groove; the top surface of the heightening block has a first protrusion, and the bottom surface has a first groove; wherein, the first protrusion Cooperating with the first groove, the second protrusion is cooperating with the second groove.

Further, the sand laying device for physical simulation experiments of geological structures also includes a counterweight shielding block, which is used to contact the splicing block during the installation process of the splicing block;

Alternatively, the clamping strip and the splicing block are connected to a reinforcement plate, and an electric rod is provided on the side of the reinforcement plate away from the clamping strip.

Further, the power mechanism includes a slide plate moving device, a funnel opening and closing device, a flat sand scraper lifting device and a power control system, and the power control system is connected with the slide plate moving device, the funnel opening and closing device, and the flat sand scraper lifting device respectively. connect;

The slide plate moving device includes a first motor, a first steel shaft and a steel wheel, the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first steel shaft, the steel wheel is fixedly connected to the first steel shaft, and the The center line of the steel wheel is coincident with the center line of the first steel shaft, the steel wheel is fixed on the slide plate, and the steel wheel is rollingly connected with the slide rail, so that when the first motor drives When the steel wheel rotates, the slide plate is driven to move;

The opening and closing device of the funnel includes a second motor, a first gear, an opening width baffle and a second steel shaft; the opening width baffle is arranged at the sand outlet of the funnel for adjusting the outlet of the funnel. The width of the sand mouth: the second motor is connected to the second steel shaft, the first gear is sleeved on the second steel shaft, and the first gear is connected to the rack on the opening width baffle meshing, so as to drive the opening width baffle to move when the second motor drives the first gear to rotate, so as to adjust the width of the sand outlet of the funnel;

The flat sand scraper lifting device includes a third motor, a third steel shaft and a second gear; the third motor is connected to the third steel shaft, and the second gear is sleeved on the third steel shaft , the second gear meshes with the rack on the flat sand scraper to drive the flat sand scraper up or down when the third motor drives the second gear to rotate.

Further, the power control system includes a control terminal, and the control terminal is used to control the steering and rotational speed of the first motor, the second motor and the third motor.

Further, the funnel opening and closing device further includes: a first manual knob connected to the second steel shaft for manually driving the second steel shaft;

The flat sand scraper lifting device further includes: a second manual knob connected to the third steel shaft for manually driving the third steel shaft.

Further, there are drains at both ends of the test bench, and a sand barrel is arranged directly below the drain, and the sand barrel is used for sand recovery.

The sand laying device used in the physical simulation experiment of geological structure provided by the present invention drives the sand laying mechanism to move along the support mechanism through the power mechanism, and lays a sand layer on the experiment platform, which effectively reduces the labor of the experimenters. Labor intensity is reduced, the work cycle of sanding and smoothing is shortened, and the efficiency of physical simulation experiments of geological structures is improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the sand spreading device that the present invention is used for geological structure physical simulation experiment;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another embodiment of the sand spreading device used in geological structure physical simulation experiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic structural view of clamping bar, clamping bar and splicing block in the sand spreading device of the present invention being used for geological structure physical simulation experiment;

Fig. 4 is the side view of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the basement block in the sand laying device of the present invention for the physical simulation experiment of geological structure;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the side bottom block in the sand laying device used in the physical simulation experiment of geological structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the schematic structural view of the heightening block in the sand laying device used in the geological structure physical simulation experiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the installation of the heightening block in the sand spreading device used in the geological structure physical simulation experiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of slide rails, funnels, slide plates and power mechanisms in the sand spreading device used in geological structure physical simulation experiments of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a top view of FIG. 9 .

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In the case of no conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

Among them, terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used to describe the relative positional relationship of each structure in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. The relative relationship Changes or adjustments without substantive changes in the technical content shall also be regarded as the scope of the present invention that can be implemented.

It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to describe different components conveniently, and should not be understood as indicating or implying a sequence relationship, relative importance, or implicit indication. The number of technical characteristics. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a sand spreading device used in geological structure physical simulation experiments according to the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of sand spreading device for geological structure physical simulation experiment, including:

Experimental platform 3, a support mechanism 4 is provided on the experimental platform 3, and a sand-laying mechanism 1 is provided on the support mechanism 4. The sand-laying mechanism 1 is connected with the power mechanism 2, and the power mechanism 2 is used to drive the sand-laying mechanism 1 to move along the support mechanism 4 , by moving the sand laying mechanism 1 along the support mechanism 4 to lay a sand layer on the test bench 3 .

The test bench 3 can be rectangular, and the test bench 3 includes a plate-shaped bearing plate, which is used for carrying sand; the support mechanism 4 is arranged between the test bench 3 and the sand spreading mechanism 1, and is used to support the sand spreading mechanism 1 on the one hand, On the other hand, it has a guiding effect on the sand spreading mechanism 1; in the process that the power mechanism 2 drives the sand spreading mechanism 1 to move along the support mechanism 4, the sand in the sand spreading mechanism 1 is gradually emptied, or the sand body on the test bench 3 is Gradually level off to lay a sand layer on the bench 3.

The sand laying device used in the physical simulation experiment of geological structure in this embodiment drives the sand laying mechanism 1 to move along the support mechanism 4 through the power mechanism 2, and lays a sand layer on the experimental platform 3, which effectively reduces the labor intensity of the experimenters and shortens The work cycle of sand spreading and smoothing is shortened, and the efficiency of physical simulation experiments of geological structures is improved.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the sand laying device used in geological structure physical simulation experiments according to the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 2, further, support mechanism 4 comprises two parallel slide rails 42 and a plurality of support rods 41, and slide rail 42 is arranged parallel to the rectangular long side of test bench 3, and support rod 41 is connected between test bench 3 and The slide rail 42 is supported between the slide rails 42;

Support rods 41 can be evenly and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the test bench 3; for example: the two sides of the test bench are respectively provided with two support rods 41, and the two support rods 41 are arranged near the end of the test bench 3; The rod 41 is clamped or screwed with the test bench 3 , the slide rail 42 can be clamped or screwed with the support frame, and the sand spreading mechanism 1 is installed on the slide rail 42 . A side baffle 5 is provided between the slide rail 42 and the test bench 3, to avoid the sand bodies on the edge of the sand layer from sliding; wherein, the side baffle 5 can be a glass baffle, so that the experimenter can perform the physical simulation experiment of the geological structure. Observe the changes in the sand layer during the process. The side baffle 5 is detachably connected to the test bench 3 , such as clamping, screwing, bonding, etc., so as to adjust the sanding width of the sanding mechanism 1 .

Please continue to refer to Fig. 2, further, the sand spreading mechanism 1 includes a funnel 112, and the funnel 112 is used to hold sand; the bottom end of the funnel 112 is provided with a slide plate 111, and the slide plate 111 is provided with a rectangular hole matching the bottom opening of the funnel 112, and the funnel Two rectangular short sides and a rectangular long side at the bottom of 112 are connected with slide plate 111, and the connection method can be welding. Move; One side of slide plate 111 is also connected with flat sand scraper 113, and flat sand scraper 113 is arranged vertically to test bench 3, and flat sand scraper 113 is used for scraping the surface of sand layer on specified height.

Sliding plate 111 can be rectangular, and two rectangular short sides of sliding plate 111 cooperate with slide rail 42 to realize sliding connection, so that sanding mechanism 1 can move along supporting mechanism 4; The specific sand laying process can be: move the slide plate 111 to one end of the slide rail 42, drive the slide plate 111 to slide along the slide rail 42 through the power mechanism 2, during this process, the funnel 112 gradually empties the sand in it until the slide plate 111 moves To the preset end point; the slide plate 111 returns to one end of the slide rail 42, adjusts the height of the flat sand scraper 113 so that the height of the bottom end of the flat sand scraper 113 is equal to the preset sanding thickness, and drives the slide plate 111 along the slide rail by the power mechanism 2 42 sliding, the sand layer is scraped to the preset thickness, which realizes the precise control of the thickness of the single sand layer and improves the accuracy of the physical simulation experiment of the geological structure.

Wherein, when laying sand for many times, the height of the bottom end of the flat sand scraper 113 refers to the distance between the bottom end of the flat sand scraper 113 and the sand layer formed by the previous sand laying, and the preset sand laying thickness is the distance formed by the sand laying this time. The thickness of the sand layer.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of clamping rods, clamping strips and splicing blocks in the sand spreading device used in geological structure physical simulation experiments of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a side view of Fig. 3 .

Please refer to Figs. 2-4, further, the sand spreading mechanism 1 also includes: a clamping rod 1211 installed on one end of the slide rail 42, the clamping rod 1211 is arranged parallel to the test bench 3; A plurality of clamping strips 1212, the bottom end of the clamping strips 1212 away from the clamping rod 1211 is provided with a splicing block 122, the bottom of the splicing block 122 is attached to the test bench 3, and the clamping strips 1212 are used to fix the splicing block 122; One end is provided with movable baffle 7.

The clamping rod 1211 is arranged parallel to the rectangular short side of the test bench 3, and the clamping rod 1211 can be screwed with the slide rail 42 to avoid rotation of the clamping rod 1211; the clamping rod 1211 is used to limit the moving distance of the slide plate 111 and fix the clamping bar 1212, The splicing block 122 is indirectly fixed by the clip bar 1212; the splicing block 122 is used to prevent the sand layer from slumping, and gradually increases in height as the thickness of the sand layer increases.

Wherein, one end of the clamping strip 1212 is inserted in the installation hole of the clamping rod 1211 , and the other end of the clamping strip 1212 is inserted in the installation hole of the splicing block 122 , and the splicing block 122 is sandwiched between the two side baffles 5 .

Fig. 5 is the schematic structural representation of the base block in the sand spreading device of the present invention for the physical simulation experiment of the geological structure; Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the side bottom block in the sand spreading device of the present invention for the physical simulation experiment of the geological structure; Fig. 7 is The structure schematic diagram of the heightening block in the sand spreading device used in the physical simulation experiment of geological structure according to the present invention; Fig. 8 is the installation schematic diagram of the heightening block in the sand spreading device used in the geological structure physical simulation experiment of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 5-8, specifically, the splicing block 122 includes: a base block 1221, a side bottom block 1222 and a heightening block 1223; the top surface of the base block 1221 has a first protrusion, one end side has a second protrusion, and the other There is a second groove on the side of one end; the top surface of the side bottom block 1222 has a first protrusion, and the side of one end has a second groove; the top surface of the raised block 1223 has a first protrusion, and the bottom surface has a first groove; wherein, The first protrusion fits into the first groove, and the second protrusion fits into the second groove. The first protrusion on the top surface of the base block 1221 is used to cooperate with the first groove on the bottom surface of the heightening block 1223; the second protrusion of the base block 1221 is used to cooperate with the second groove of another base block 1221; the heightening block 1223 The first protrusion on the top surface is used to cooperate with the first groove on the bottom surface of another heightening block 1223; the first protrusion on the top surface of the side bottom block 1222 is used to cooperate with the first groove on the bottom surface of the heightening block 1223; The second groove on the side of one end of the bottom block 1222 is used to cooperate with the second protrusion of the base block 1221 ; Wherein, the base block 1221 and the side bottom block 1222 can be made to be 100 mm long and 10 mm high, and the heightening block 1223 can be made to be 100 mm long and 5 mm high.

In this embodiment, the number of the first protrusion and the second protrusion may be one or more, and the number of the first groove and the second groove is the same as that of the first protrusion and the second protrusion respectively. Preferably, the location of the first protrusion avoids the installation hole of the clip bar 1212 . According to the width of the sand layer, the number of base blocks 1221 can be appropriately increased or decreased; according to the thickness of the sand layer, the number of heightening blocks 1223 can be appropriately increased or decreased; the movable baffle 7 can move back and forth to adjust the initial sand laying length.

Further, the splicing block 122 is equipped with a counterweight shielding block 123, and during the heightening process of the splicing block 122, the counterweight shielding block 123 is also in contact with the splicing block 122; to improve the supporting capacity of the splicing block 122 through the counterweight shielding block 123, To prevent the sand body from slumping and overturning the splicing block 122 when the clamping strip 1212 is pulled out.

The clip bar 1212 and the splicing block 122 can also be connected with the reinforcing plate 124, and the side of the reinforcing plate 124 away from the clip bar 1212 is provided with an electric rod 6, and the electric rod 6 is used to drive the clip bar 1211, the clip bar 1212 and the splicing block 122 to move back and forth , to carry out structural physics simulation experiments. The reinforcing plate 124 can be screwed to the splicing block 122 and the clamping rod 1211 .

Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a slide rail, a funnel, a slide plate and a power mechanism in a sand laying device used in a physical simulation experiment of geological structures according to the present invention; Fig. 10 is a top view of Fig. 9 .

Please refer to Fig. 2, 9-10, further, the power mechanism 2 includes a slide plate moving device 21, a funnel opening and closing device 22, a flat sand scraper lifting device 23 and a power control system 24.

Specifically, the skateboard moving device 21 includes a first motor 211, a first steel shaft 212 and a steel wheel 213, the output shaft of the first motor 211 is connected to the first steel shaft 212, and the steel wheel 213 is fixedly connected to the first steel shaft 212, The center line of the steel wheel 213 coincides with the center line of the first steel shaft 212, the steel wheel 213 is fixed on the slide plate 111, and the steel wheel 213 is rollingly connected with the slide rail 42 to drive the steel wheel 213 when the first motor 211 rotates. The slide plate 111 moves to realize sand spreading.

The funnel opening and closing device 22 includes a second motor 221, a first gear 222, an opening width baffle 225 and a second steel shaft 226; The width of the sand hole; the second motor 221 is connected with the second steel shaft 226, the first gear 222 is sleeved on the second steel shaft 226, and the first gear 222 is engaged with the rack on the opening width baffle plate 225, so that the second When the motor 221 drives the first gear 222 to rotate, it drives the opening width baffle plate 225 to move to adjust the opening width of the funnel 112 . Wherein, the sand outlet of the funnel 112 can also be provided with an opening length baffle 224, and the length of the sand outlet of the funnel 112 can be adjusted through the opening length baffle 224 to adjust the sanding width; the side baffles are adjusted accordingly according to the sanding width 5 installation positions.

The flat sand scraper lifting device 23 includes a third motor 231, a third steel shaft 232 and a second gear 233; the third motor 231 is connected to the third steel shaft 232, the second gear 233 is sleeved on the third steel shaft 232, and the third The second gear 233 meshes with the rack on the flat sand scraper 113, so that when the third motor 231 drives the second gear 233 to rotate, it drives the flat sand scraper 113 to rise or fall to adjust the thickness of the sand.

The power control system 24 is connected with the slide plate moving device 21, the funnel opening and closing device 22, and the flat sand scraper lifting device 23 respectively. For example: the power control system 24 includes a control terminal for controlling the steering and rotation speed of the first motor 211 , the second motor 221 and the third motor 231 ; the control terminal can be a computer or a controller.

Further, the funnel opening and closing device 22 also includes: a first manual knob 223, which is connected to the second steel shaft 226 for manually driving the second steel shaft 226; the flat sand scraper lifting device 23 also includes: Two manual knobs 234 , the second manual knob 234 is connected with the third steel shaft 232 for manually driving the third steel shaft 232 . Experimenters can freely choose to manually or automatically adjust the width of the sand outlet of the funnel 112, and can also freely choose to manually or automatically adjust the thickness of the sand.

Further, a drain 31 is provided at both ends of the test bench 3, and a sand barrel 8 is arranged directly below the drain 31, and the sand barrel 8 is used for sand recovery.

The specific working process of the sand spreading device used in the physical simulation experiment of geological structure provided in this embodiment can be as follows:

When laying sand for the first time, the slide plate 111 is moved to the end where the movable baffle 7 is located by the slide plate moving device 21, so that the sand outlet of the funnel 112 is close to the inner side of the movable baffle 7; Increase the number of opening length baffles 224 so that the length of the sand outlet of the funnel 112 is equal to the initial model width; calculate the single sanding volume according to the initial model length, width and sanding thickness, and add slightly more than a single sanding volume in the funnel 112 The sand of the second sanding volume; the bottom end of the flat sand scraper 113 is lifted above the designed sand laying thickness through the flat sand scraper lifting device 23; the control funnel opening and closing device 22 moves the opening width baffle 225 to adjust the sand output speed; the slide plate moves The device 21 controls the sliding plate 111 to move towards the splicing block 122 at a specific speed. During this process, the sand in the funnel 112 is gradually emptied, and the sand is roughly flat on the side baffle 5, the movable baffle 7 and the splicing block with a thickness slightly greater than the sand layer. Between 122; the slide plate 111 is moved back to the end where the movable baffle 7 is located by the slide plate moving device 21, so that the flat sand scraper 113 is close to the inner side of the movable baffle 7; the flat sand scraper 113 is lowered by the flat sand scraper lifting device 23 to Specific height, so that the height of the bottom end is equal to the thickness of the sand paving; the sliding plate 111 is controlled by the sliding plate moving device 21 to move towards the splicing block 122 at a specific speed, and the sand layer is scraped to the designed sand paving thickness; the excess sand will overflow the splicing block 122 Enter the desktop drain 31, collect into the sand bucket 8, and complete the single sand spreading process.

When laying sand again, heighten the splicing block 122 according to the thickness of sanding again, specifically: place the counterweight shielding block 123 against the part that needs to be heightened, so as to prevent the sand body from sliding and overturning the splicing block 122 due to its own weight during the heightening process; Lift the clip 1212 and pull it away from the splicing block 122, and superimpose the heightening block 1223 on the spliced splicing block 122; put the clip 1212 down and insert it back into the splicing block 122 for fixing; repeat this process to complete the splicing blocks 122 in each part one by one The heightening work; repeat the above single sanding process to complete the sanding again.

It should be noted that when the design height after a certain sanding cannot be equal to the height of an integer number of splicing blocks 122, preferably, the total height of the splicing blocks 122 can be slightly smaller than the designed sanding thickness to ensure that the remaining sand overflows smoothly; The influence of tiny defects on the edge of the model formed by the internal friction angle on the experimental results can be basically ignored.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps for implementing the above method embodiments can be completed by program instructions and related hardware. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it executes the steps including the above-mentioned method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk and other various media that can store program codes.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. A sand spreading device for geological structure physical simulation experiment, characterized in that, comprising: An experimental platform, the experimental platform is provided with a support mechanism, the support mechanism is provided with a sand spreading mechanism, the sand spreading mechanism is connected with a power mechanism, and the power mechanism is used to drive the sand spreading mechanism along the support The mechanism moves, and a sand layer is laid on the test bench by the sand laying mechanism moving along the supporting mechanism. 2. The sand laying device for geological structure physical simulation experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that, the support mechanism comprises two parallel slide rails and a plurality of support rods, the slide rails are parallel to the The experiment platform is set, the support rod is connected between the experiment platform and the slide rail to support the slide rail; a side baffle is provided between the slide rail and the experiment platform. 3. The sand spreading device for geological structure physical simulation experiment according to claim 2, characterized in that, the sand spreading mechanism comprises a funnel, and the funnel is used to hold sand; the bottom end of the funnel is provided with a slide plate , the slide plate is matched with the slide rail, and the slide plate is connected with the power mechanism so that the funnel can move along the slide rail; the slide plate is also connected with a flat sand scraper, and the flat sand scraper Set vertically to the test bench, the sand leveling scraper is used to level the surface of the sand layer at a preset height. 4. The sand laying device used for geological structure physical simulation experiments according to claim 3, characterized in that, the sand laying mechanism also includes: a clamping rod installed at one end of the slide rail, and the clamping rod is parallel to Set on the test bench; a plurality of clamping bars are connected between the clamping rod and the experimental bench, and the bottom end of the clamping bar is away from the clamping rod to be provided with a splicing block, and the bottom end of the splicing block is connected to the The test bench is bonded, and the clamping strip is used to fix the splicing block; the other end of the slide rail is provided with a movable baffle. 5. the sand laying device for geological structure physical simulation experiment according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described splicing block comprises: base block, edge bottom block and heightening block; The top surface of described base block has The first protrusion has a second protrusion on the side of one end, and a second groove on the side of the other end; the top surface of the side bottom block has a first protrusion, and a second groove on the side of one end; the top of the heightening block The surface has a first protrusion, and the bottom surface has a first groove; wherein, the first protrusion fits into the first groove, and the second protrusion fits into the second groove. 6. The sand laying device for geological structure physical simulation experiments according to claim 4, further comprising a counterweight shielding block, which is used to communicate with the The splicing blocks are in contact; or, the clip bar and the splicing block are connected to a reinforcement plate, and an electric rod is provided on the side of the reinforcement plate away from the clip bar. 7. The sand laying device for geological structure physical simulation experiment according to claim 3, characterized in that, the power mechanism comprises a slide plate moving device, a funnel opening and closing device, a flat sand scraper lifting device and a power control system, the The power control system is respectively connected with the slide plate moving device, the funnel opening and closing device, and the flat sand scraper lifting device; The slide plate moving device includes a first motor, a first steel shaft and a steel wheel, the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first steel shaft, the steel wheel is fixedly connected to the first steel shaft, and the The center line of the steel wheel is coincident with the center line of the first steel shaft, the steel wheel is fixed on the slide plate, and the steel wheel is rollingly connected with the slide rail, so that when the first motor drives When the steel wheel rotates, the slide plate is driven to move; The opening and closing device of the funnel includes a second motor, a first gear, an opening width baffle and a second steel shaft; the opening width baffle is arranged at the sand outlet of the funnel for adjusting the outlet of the funnel. The width of the sand mouth: the second motor is connected to the second steel shaft, the first gear is sleeved on the second steel shaft, and the first gear is connected to the rack on the opening width baffle meshing, so as to drive the opening width baffle to move when the second motor drives the first gear to rotate, so as to adjust the width of the sand outlet of the funnel; The flat sand scraper lifting device includes a third motor, a third steel shaft and a second gear; the third motor is connected to the third steel shaft, and the second gear is sleeved on the third steel shaft , the second gear meshes with the rack on the flat sand scraper to drive the flat sand scraper up or down when the third motor drives the second gear to rotate. 8. The sand laying device for geological structure physical simulation experiments according to claim 7, wherein the power control system includes a control terminal, and the control terminal is used to control the first motor and the second motor and the steering and rotating speed of the third motor. 9. The sand laying device for geological structure physical simulation experiment according to claim 7, characterized in that, the opening and closing device of the funnel also comprises: a first manual knob, and the first manual knob is connected with the second manual knob. a steel shaft connection for manually driving said second steel shaft; The flat sand scraper lifting device further includes: a second manual knob connected to the third steel shaft for manually driving the third steel shaft. 10. The sand laying device for geological structure physical simulation experiment according to claim 3, characterized in that, the two ends of the test bench are provided with a drain, and a sand bucket is arranged directly below the drain, and the Sand buckets are used to recover sand.