CN106117622A - 一种可降解地膜及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可降解地膜及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可降解地膜及制备方法，包括如下步骤：（1）所述地膜包括如下各组分：聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚琥珀酸丁二酯、淀粉、植物纤维、甘油三乙酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、填充剂、光稳定剂；（2）将聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚琥珀酸丁二酯、淀粉、植物纤维按照配比加入到反应釜中，搅拌混合均匀；加入甘油三乙酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，搅拌，于150~180℃反应3~6h；将上述反应混合物及填充剂、光稳定剂加入到挤出机中，热熔挤出吹塑，切割，包装，即得所述地膜。所述地膜制备方法简单，成本较低，易降解，避免了因残膜导致的环境污染，而且能在农作物整个生长期内达到保温、保墒的效果，具有较好应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，具体地，涉及一种可降解地膜及制备方法。
背景技术
地膜在我国农业生产过程中具有重要作用，不仅具有保温、保湿、保肥的作用，而且还具有防病虫、防旱抗涝等作用，能够促进作物的生长发育，提高作物产量，增加生产效益。传统的农用地膜是采用聚乙烯塑料制成，随着地膜大规模的使用，大量地膜碎片会残留在土壤中。在自然条件下，传统的聚乙烯塑料很难分解，不仅会破坏土壤结构，影响作物生长而导致减产，还会造成严重环境污染。
然而随之而来的残膜对农业生态环境造成的“白色污染”问题越来越严重。目前使用的农膜以化纤作原料，其主要成分是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯，可在田间残留几十年不降解，连年使用导致碎膜逐年累积于土壤耕层，造成土壤板结、通透性变差、根系生长受阻，后茬作物减产。此外，石油能源紧缺引起地膜生产原料丙烯酸等上涨，使得地膜价格和可持续发展问题日益突出。以上诸多原因使得可生物降解地膜的研究和推广在国内外引起了极大的关注。
目前，市场上虽然有各种可降解地膜，但是存在着耐用性差、强度不高、降解不完全等问题。不仅如此，地膜使用时还需要满足不同地域的气候、土壤环境以及种植要求。因此，受到生产技术难度、生产成本等因素的影响，市场上尚没有大规模应用的降解地膜产品。
专利CN1445275 提出了一种以聚乙烯醇为主要原料制备可生物降解地膜，在现场溶于水后，喷洒于地表，形成薄膜，其特点是该膜可生物降解，避免白色污染，但是由于聚乙烯醇价格较为昂贵，此地膜成本较高，农业适用性不强。
专利CN1277228A 提供了一种以沥青、淀粉为原料，同时添加微肥和除草剂，用喷雾器现场喷造的可生物降解的黑色农用地膜，但膜在30天后开始碎裂，在60天就会完全降解，未能达到农作物整个生长期内保温、保墒的效果，而且所用原料都为粮食及石油基来源，这将很大程度上增加制膜的成本。
因此，研究制备一种能够成本低、易降解，且能在农作物整个生长期内达到保温、保墒效果的地膜，具有重要意义及应用价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种可降解地膜及制备方法，所述地膜制备方法简单，成本较低，所得地膜易降解，且能在农作物整个生长期内达到保温、保墒效果的地膜，具有重要意义及应用价值。
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案：
本发明涉及一种可降解地膜，包括如下重量份数的各组分：聚乙烯醇10~20份、聚乳酸10~15份、聚己内酯10~15份、聚琥珀酸丁二酯10~15份、淀粉15~20份、植物纤维10~15份、甘油三乙酸酯5~10份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯10~20份、填充剂20~30份、光稳定剂1~5份。
优选的，所述包括如下重量份数的各组分：聚乙烯醇15份、聚乳酸15份、聚己内酯12份、聚琥珀酸丁二酯12份、淀粉20份、植物纤维12份、甘油三乙酸酯8份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯15份、填充剂25份、光稳定剂3份。
本发明还涉及一种可降解地膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）将聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚琥珀酸丁二酯、淀粉、植物纤维按照配比加入到反应釜中，搅拌混合均匀；
（2）按照配比向反应釜中加入甘油三乙酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，搅拌，于150~180℃反应3~6h；
（3）将上述反应混合物及填充剂、光稳定剂按照配比加入到挤出机中，于170~180℃条件下热熔挤出吹塑，切割，包装，即得所述地膜。
优选的，所述步骤（1）中的搅拌转速为1500~2000转/分。
优选的，所述步骤（2）中反应温度为170℃，反应时间4h。
优选的，所述步骤（3）中的挤出机为单螺杆挤出机。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
本发明所述的一种可降解地膜及制备方法，制备方法简单，成本较低，所得地膜易降解，避免了因残膜导致的环境污染，而且能在农作物整个生长期内达到保温、保墒效果的地膜，具有重要意义及应用价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1：
本实施例涉及一种可降解地膜及制备方法；
所述的地膜由如下组分组成：聚乙烯醇15份、聚乳酸15份、聚己内酯12份、聚琥珀酸丁二酯12份、淀粉20份、植物纤维12份、甘油三乙酸酯8份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯15份、填充剂25份、光稳定剂3份。
所述地膜的制备步骤如下：
（1）将聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚琥珀酸丁二酯、淀粉、植物纤维按照配比加入到反应釜中，搅拌混合均匀，其中，搅拌转速为2000转/分；
（2）按照配比向反应釜中加入甘油三乙酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，搅拌，于170℃反应4h；
（3）将上述反应混合物及填充剂、光稳定剂按照配比加入到挤出机中，于170℃条件下热熔挤出吹塑，切割，包装，即得所述地膜。
实施例2：
本实施例涉及一种可降解地膜及制备方法；
所述的地膜由如下组分组成：聚乙烯醇10份、聚乳酸10份、聚己内酯10份、聚琥珀酸丁二酯10份、淀粉15份、植物纤维10份、甘油三乙酸酯5份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯10份、填充剂20份、光稳定剂1份。
所述地膜的制备步骤如下：
（1）将聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚琥珀酸丁二酯、淀粉、植物纤维按照配比加入到反应釜中，搅拌混合均匀，其中，搅拌转速为1500转/分；
（2）按照配比向反应釜中加入甘油三乙酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，搅拌，于180℃反应3h；
（3）将上述反应混合物及填充剂、光稳定剂按照配比加入到挤出机中，于170℃条件下热熔挤出吹塑，切割，包装，即得所述地膜。
实施例3：
本实施例涉及一种可降解地膜及制备方法；
所述的地膜由如下组分组成：聚乙烯醇20份、聚乳酸15份、聚己内酯15份、聚琥珀酸丁二酯15份、淀粉20份、植物纤维15份、甘油三乙酸酯10份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯20份、填充剂30份、光稳定剂5份。
所述地膜的制备步骤如下：
（1）将聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚琥珀酸丁二酯、淀粉、植物纤维按照配比加入到反应釜中，搅拌混合均匀，其中，搅拌转速为2000转/分；
（2）按照配比向反应釜中加入甘油三乙酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，搅拌，于150℃反应6h；
（3）将上述反应混合物及填充剂、光稳定剂按照配比加入到挤出机中，于180℃条件下热熔挤出吹塑，切割，包装，即得所述地膜。
本发明所述的可降解地膜及制备方法，制备方法简单，成本较低，所得地膜易降解，避免了因残膜导致的环境污染，而且能在农作物整个生长期内达到保温、保墒效果的地膜，具有重要意义及应用价值。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。
Claims (6)
1.一种可降解地膜，其特征在于：包括如下重量份数的各组分：聚乙烯醇10~20份、聚乳酸10~15份、聚己内酯10~15份、聚琥珀酸丁二酯10~15份、淀粉15~20份、植物纤维10~15份、甘油三乙酸酯5~10份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯10~20份、填充剂20~30份、光稳定剂1~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可降解地膜，其特征在于：所述包括如下重量份数的各组分：聚乙烯醇15份、聚乳酸15份、聚己内酯12份、聚琥珀酸丁二酯12份、淀粉20份、植物纤维12份、甘油三乙酸酯8份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯15份、填充剂25份、光稳定剂3份。
3.一种根据权利要求1~2任一种所述的可降解地膜的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
（1）将聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚琥珀酸丁二酯、淀粉、植物纤维按照配比加入到反应釜中，搅拌混合均匀；
（2）按照配比向反应釜中加入甘油三乙酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，搅拌，于150~180℃反应3~6h；
（3）将上述反应混合物及填充剂、光稳定剂按照配比加入到挤出机中，于170~180℃条件下热熔挤出吹塑，切割，包装，即得所述地膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可降解地膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中的搅拌转速为1500~2000转/分。
5.根据权利要求3所述的可降解地膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中反应温度为170℃，反应时间4h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的可降解地膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中的挤出机为单螺杆挤出机。
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| CN107141671A (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-08 | 合肥助航生态农业科技有限公司 | 农业用地膜及其生产工艺 |
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| CN114410088A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-29 | 杭州泽同新材料科技有限公司 | 适用于长周期生长植物的生物降解地膜 |
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