CN106116683A - 石灰轻质通孔陶粒 - Google Patents
石灰轻质通孔陶粒 Download PDFInfo
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001466460 Alveolata Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/057—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on calcium oxide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石灰轻质通孔陶粒,其技术方案的要点是,石灰轻质通孔陶粒由石灰、高粘凹凸棒石粘土、粉状石灰发泡剂、活性白土废渣、漂珠、轻质氧化镁、硫酸亚铁、膨胀珍珠岩和膨胀蛭石组成。将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料进行搅拌混合、挤压造粒、烘干、焙烧、保温、筛分后密封包装为石灰轻质通孔陶粒。石灰轻质通孔陶粒具有比表面积大、堆积密度小、吸水率高、透气性能优越、外观造型美观无异味、轻质强度好、微孔和大孔为一体的特点。用于培育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时,植物的根部将会从石灰轻质通孔陶粒里吸收水或液态肥的营养成分,确保植物生长发育好,成活率高和寿命更长,石灰轻质通孔陶粒适用于配制无土栽培基质和营养土。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶粒,具体涉及一种石灰轻质通孔陶粒。
背景技术
育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时使用的土壤,大多是采用就地附近的泥土,再添加一些草木灰或泥炭土搅拌在一起的,这些土壤的含水率在12~20%,还含有大量的有害病菌。
采用这些土壤培育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时,很难控制后期补水的水量,补水后的土壤含水率超过30%以上,土壤中的水分含量比较高,土壤将会呈半流泥糊状或泥浆状,如果土壤没有能够及时得到补水,土壤又将会出现板结硬块状,都将会直接影响到植物的正常生长。
随着绿化工程质量要求的不断提高,也常采用粉煤灰陶粒、粘土陶粒、页岩陶粒和花卉陶粒等材料为无土栽培基质。
粉煤灰陶粒、粘土陶粒和页岩陶粒是一种人造轻集料,采用优质黏土、页岩或粉煤灰为主要原料,通过回转窑高温焙烧,经膨化而成,由于其内部呈蜂窝状结构,因而具有轻质、高强、导热系数低、吸水率小等特点,(详见国家标准:GBT17431.1-2010 轻集料及其试验方法)。
由于人造轻集料经过高温焙烧后,其表面形成一层釉质,虽然人造轻集料内部呈蜂窝状结构的微孔,但是,内部蜂窝状结构的微孔是一种闭口孔,蜂窝状结构的微孔不仅彼此之间不连通,而且与外界相隔绝,吸水率较低,人造轻集料内部几乎不含有水分,将人造轻集料放进水体中,只能漂浮于水的表面,因此,人造轻集料只能撒在土壤的表层,做为一种装饰,并不能直接用于种植各种苗木、花卉和蔬菜等植物。
中国专利授权公告号:CN 102503539 B,授权公告日:2013年04月17日,名称为“圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒”,公开了“一种圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒,圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒由高粘凹凸棒石粘土粉、凹凸棒石粘土尾矿粉、红色膨润土粉、污泥、硅藻土尾矿粉和稻壳粉组成。将圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒的配料经过混合、造粒、焙烧、冷却和筛分包装为圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒”。
圆球形陶粒制备工艺:在造粒过程中,先将粉状配料加工成一种小于0.5毫米的小球,然后将配制好的雾状水溶液,喷洒在运转中的造粒机内的小球表面,再将粉状配料洒落在湿润的小球的表面,经过多次重复的喷洒雾状水溶液和将粉状配料洒落在湿润的小球的表面,经过一层又一层的包裹,小球的体积不断增大,最终完成造粒的全过程,制备成一种强度比较高的圆球形陶粒。
经过焙烧后的圆球形陶粒内部结构更加紧密,虽然圆球形陶粒强度比较高,但是造成了有效比表面积小,比重和堆积密度都比较大,从而降低了圆球形陶粒的吸附能力和吸水率。
圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒是一种圆球形陶粒,在焙烧过程中,圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒内部很难能完全烧透,直接影响到圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒的内在质量。
经多次抽样测试:市场上销售的人造轻集料平均堆积密度≥800kg/m³,平均吸水率≤18%,普通土壤平均堆积密度≥1020kg/m³,平均吸水率≤26%,圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒平均堆积密度≥850kg/m³,平均吸水率≤50%。
相比之下,这几种陶粒的堆积密度都比较大,吸水率比较小,用户希望能发明一种堆积密度≤800kg/m³,吸水率≥65%的轻质陶粒,以适用于配制无土栽培基质和营养土。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中不足之处,提供一种石灰轻质通孔陶粒。
石灰轻质通孔陶粒由石灰、高粘凹凸棒石粘土、粉状石灰发泡剂、活性白土废渣、漂珠、轻质氧化镁、硫酸亚铁、膨胀珍珠岩和膨胀蛭石组成。
石灰轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料进行搅拌混合、挤压造粒、烘干、焙烧、保温、筛分后密封包装为石灰轻质通孔陶粒。
石灰是人类最早应用的胶凝材料,将主要成分为碳酸钙的天然岩石,在适当温度下煅烧,排除分解出的二氧化碳后,所得的以氧化钙为主要成分的产品即为石灰,又称生石灰,生石灰熟化后形成的石灰浆中,石灰粒子形成氢氧化钙胶体结构,颗粒极细,比表面积很大,其表面吸附一层较厚的水膜,可吸附大量的水,因而有较强保持水分的能力,本发明选用石灰的粒度≤0.074毫米。
高粘凹凸棒石粘土是以凹凸棒石粘土为原料,经破碎、浸泡、添加、辊压、干燥、粉碎等工艺制得的一种天然产品,具有较高粘度的优良粘结剂,主要用于精细化工、建材、石油化工、农业、环保等行业,以提高产品的质量和功效,本发明选用高粘凹凸棒石粘土的动力粘度≥2200 mPa·s,产品质量需要符合JC/T 2266-2014 凹凸棒石粘土制品的标准,本发明选用高粘凹凸棒石粘土的粒度≤0.074毫米。
粉状石灰发泡剂具有发泡能力强、发泡倍数高、单位体积产泡量大、泡沫外膜韧性好不易破碎,泡沫稳定性好、可长时间不消泡、泡沫细腻、在介质内生成的孔洞大小均匀、泌水量低和使用介质的相容性好等优点,本发明选用粉状石灰发泡剂的粒度≤0.074毫米。
活性白土是一种无臭、无味、无毒的白色或米色粉末或颗粒,经脱色以后的活性白土失去了活性即成为活性白土废渣,一些油厂都将这些活性白土废渣丢弃,如果得不到及时处理,活性白土废渣内的脂类有机质发酵后产生霉变和恶臭,不仅资源浪费,污染环境及地下水质,而且易引起火灾,将对社会和企业造成一定的损失,本发明选用活性白土废渣的粒度≤0.149毫米。
漂珠是一种能浮于水面的粉煤灰空心球,呈灰白色,壁薄中空,具有颗粒细、中空、质轻、高强、耐磨、耐高温、保温绝缘、绝缘阻燃等多种功能,本发明选用漂珠的粒度≤0.149毫米。
轻质氧化镁为白色轻质疏松无定型粉末,无臭无味,无毒。暴露在空气中极易吸收水分和二氧化碳,属于气硬性的胶结材料,本发明选用轻质氧化镁的粒度≤0.074毫米。
无水硫酸亚铁是白色粉末,含结晶水的硫酸亚铁是浅绿色晶体,10%水溶液的硫酸亚铁对石蕊呈酸性,pH值约为3.7,在本发明中,硫酸亚铁用于调整石灰轻质通孔陶粒的pH值。
珍珠岩经膨胀而成为一种轻质、多功能新型材料,具有表观密度轻、导热系数低、化学稳定性好等特点,本发明选用膨胀珍珠岩的粒度≤0.25毫米。
蛭石经过高温焙烧后,其体积能迅速膨胀数倍至数十倍,体积膨胀后的蛭石叫膨胀蛭石,是世界上最轻的矿物之一,本发明膨胀蛭石的粒度≤0.149毫米。
本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现:
1、石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成:石灰15~50%、高粘凹凸棒石粘土10~30%、粉状石灰发泡剂5~15%、活性白土废渣5~10%、漂珠2~8%、轻质氧化镁1~5%、硫酸亚铁0.5~5%、膨胀珍珠岩0.5~3%、膨胀蛭石0.5~3%和水10~45%。
2、石灰轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:
⑴将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料输入已经运转的搅拌混合机中,搅拌混合为石灰轻质通孔陶粒的混合物;⑵将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的混合物输送到挤压造粒机中,挤压造粒为不同形状的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品;⑶将石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输送到回转式烘干炉中进行烘干,烘干温度控制在150~250℃,烘干时间控制在1~4小时;⑷将烘干后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在900~950℃,焙烧时间控制在1~3小时;⑸将焙烧后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,保温时间控制在8~24小时;⑹将保温冷却后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到振动筛中进行筛分,筛分后密封包装为石灰轻质通孔陶粒成品;⑺挤压造粒为不同形状的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,是指根据设计需要,分别挤压造粒为圆球形、圆柱形、梅花形的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品。
粉状石灰发泡剂是采用由本发明人于2013年06月07日申请的“粉状石灰发泡剂”,中国专利授权公告号为:CN 103265219B,授权公告日:2014年12月10日。
高粘凹凸棒石粘土具有独特的分散、耐高温、抗盐碱等良好的胶体性质和较高的吸附能力,并具有一定的可塑性及粘结力,高粘凹凸棒石粘土的动力粘度≥2200 mPa·s,附着力好,有利于原料之间的粘结,增加石灰轻质通孔陶粒的强度和吸附能力。
活性白土废渣在焙烧过程中,活性白土废渣内的脂类和有机质共同参加石灰轻质通孔陶粒的焙烧,提高了燃烧气流的热量,不但能节省能源,还有利于石灰轻质通孔陶粒的内部能完全烧透,增加石灰轻质通孔陶粒内部的孔隙率,以确保石灰轻质通孔陶粒的质量。
粉状石灰发泡剂在搅拌混合为石灰轻质通孔陶粒混合物时,将会产生一定量的气泡,有利于增加石灰轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部的孔隙率。
漂珠、轻质氧化镁、膨胀珍珠岩和膨胀蛭石能降低石灰轻质通孔陶粒的堆积密度,增加石灰轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部的孔隙率。
挤压造粒后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品含水率大于30%,直接输送到回转式焙烧炉中高温焙烧,在高温焙烧过程中,陶粒半成品的表面先开始烧结固化,而内部的水蒸汽很难快速蒸发出来,陶粒半成品将会产生爆裂,而且也不能将陶粒半成品内部烧透。
本发明先将石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式烘干炉中缓慢进行烘干,烘干温度控制在150~250℃,再将烘干后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在900~950℃,可以确保在焙烧过程中将陶粒烧透,不会产生爆裂。
焙烧后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品内在温度仍然高达700℃以上,将焙烧后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,可以利用自身的余热,继续对石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品均匀加热,不但能确保将石灰轻质通孔陶粒内部完全烧透,还能起到均匀散布热量的作用,提高石灰轻质通孔陶粒的内在质量。
石灰轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部有大量的微孔,是一种开口孔,开口孔不仅彼此贯通还与外界相通,石灰轻质通孔陶粒中心的大孔是一种通孔,有利于在焙烧过程中,能够将陶粒内部完全烧透,并能增加陶粒的有效比表面积、强度和降低堆积密度。
石灰轻质通孔陶粒的外观形状设计为圆球形、圆柱形、梅花形等多种形状,有利于增加石灰轻质通孔陶粒相互之间的空隙率和降低石灰轻质通孔陶粒的堆积密度。
石灰轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部有大量相互连通的微孔,放进水中将会迅速沉入水底,在吸入大量水分的同时,将石灰轻质通孔陶粒内部微孔中的空气置换出来。
虽然石灰轻质通孔陶粒的吸水率较高,即使吸水率≥80%时,石灰轻质通孔陶粒表面只是一种湿润的状态,并没有明显的水渗漏出来,将石灰轻质通孔陶粒堆积在一起,相互之间形成众多的空隙,透气性能好,石灰轻质通孔陶粒在干燥状态下没有粉尘,长年浸泡在水中也不会产生崩解。
石灰轻质通孔陶粒具有比表面积大、堆积密度小、吸水率高、透气性能优越、外观造型美观无异味、没有有害病菌、轻质强度好、微孔和大孔为一体的特点。
为了确保植物的正常生长发育,将水、液态的有机肥或无机肥喷洒在石灰轻质通孔陶粒中,也可以将石灰轻质通孔陶粒浸泡在水、有机肥或无机肥的溶液中,石灰轻质通孔陶粒吸收储存一定量的水或液态肥后取出,用于培育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时,植物的根部将会从石灰轻质通孔陶粒里吸收水或液态肥的营养成分,确保植物生长发育好,成活率高和寿命更长,并能大大减少补水的次数。
石灰轻质通孔陶粒适用于配制无土栽培基质和营养土。
附图说明
图1是圆球形石灰轻质通孔陶粒示意图,图2是圆球形石灰轻质通孔陶粒A-A剖面图;图3是圆柱形石灰轻质通孔陶粒示意图,图4是圆柱形石灰轻质通孔陶粒B-B剖面图;图5是梅花形石灰轻质通孔陶粒示意图,图6是梅花形石灰轻质通孔陶粒C-C剖面图。
如图所示:1是圆球形石灰轻质通孔陶粒的通孔,2是圆柱形石灰轻质通孔陶粒的通孔,3是梅花形石灰轻质通孔陶粒的通孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述:
1、石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成:石灰30%、高粘凹凸棒石粘土22%、粉状石灰发泡剂6%、活性白土废渣5%、漂珠4%、轻质氧化镁2%、硫酸亚铁1.5%、膨胀珍珠岩1%、膨胀蛭石0.5%和水28%。
2、石灰轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:⑴将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料输入已经运转的搅拌混合机中,搅拌混合为石灰轻质通孔陶粒的混合物;⑵将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的混合物输送到挤压造粒机中,挤压造粒为不同形状的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品;⑶将石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输送到回转式烘干炉中进行烘干,烘干温度控制在200~220℃,烘干时间控制在2小时;⑷将烘干后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在940~950℃,焙烧时间控制在1小时;⑸将焙烧后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,保温时间控制在16小时;⑹将保温冷却后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到振动筛中进行筛分,筛分后密封包装为石灰轻质通孔陶粒成品;⑺挤压造粒为不同形状的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,是指根据设计需要,挤压造粒为梅花形石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品。
梅花形石灰轻质通孔陶粒平均堆积密度为680kg/m³,吸水率为82%。
Claims (3)
1.一种石灰轻质通孔陶粒,其特征在于,石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成:石灰15~50%、高粘凹凸棒石粘土10~30%、粉状石灰发泡剂5~15%、活性白土废渣5~10%、漂珠2~8%、轻质氧化镁1~5%、硫酸亚铁0.5~5%、膨胀珍珠岩0.5~3%、膨胀蛭石0.5~3%和水10~45%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石灰轻质通孔陶粒,其特征在于,石灰的粒度≤0.074毫米,高粘凹凸棒石粘土的粒度≤0.074毫米,粉状石灰发泡剂的粒度≤0.074毫米,活性白土废渣的粒度≤0.149毫米,漂珠的粒度≤0.149毫米,轻质氧化镁的粒度≤0.074毫米,膨胀珍珠岩的粒度≤0.25毫米,膨胀蛭石的粒度≤0.149毫米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石灰轻质通孔陶粒,其特征在于,石灰轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:⑴将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的配料输入已经运转的搅拌混合机中,搅拌混合为石灰轻质通孔陶粒的混合物;⑵将石灰轻质通孔陶粒的混合物输送到挤压造粒机中,挤压造粒为不同形状的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品;⑶将石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输送到回转式烘干炉中进行烘干,烘干温度控制在150~250℃,烘干时间控制在1~4小时;⑷将烘干后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在900~950℃,焙烧时间控制在1~3小时;⑸将焙烧后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,保温时间控制在8~24小时;⑹将保温冷却后的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到振动筛中进行筛分,筛分后密封包装为石灰轻质通孔陶粒成品;⑺挤压造粒为不同形状的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品,是指根据设计需要,分别挤压造粒为圆球形、圆柱形、梅花形的石灰轻质通孔陶粒半成品。
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