CN106093736A - The ultrasonic optical fiber sensing system of the tunable shelf depreciation of frequency response characteristic and method - Google Patents
The ultrasonic optical fiber sensing system of the tunable shelf depreciation of frequency response characteristic and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力设备局部放电测试技术领域，具体涉及一种频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of partial discharge testing of power equipment, in particular to a partial discharge ultrasonic optical fiber sensing system and method with tunable frequency response characteristics.
背景技术Background technique
局部放电测量是评估电力设备的重要指标之一，近年来随着光纤传感技术的发展与成熟化，在各领域内被越来越多的应用。应用光纤传感系统测量局部放电超声具有多个优点。光纤不受电磁干扰，其与电力设备绝缘系统兼容并可以内置入电力设备内，光纤作为线传感器可测量多个测量点并可实现分布式传感。此外，由于局部放电属于宽频信号，不同类型的放电频谱特征一般不同，传统压电陶瓷传感器一旦加工成型其频带特性无法更改，对于在不同类型电力设备上测量不同类型放电超声一般需要使用不同的压电陶瓷传感器。Partial discharge measurement is one of the important indicators for evaluating power equipment. In recent years, with the development and maturity of optical fiber sensing technology, it has been used more and more in various fields. There are several advantages to using a fiber optic sensing system to measure partial discharge ultrasound. Optical fiber is not subject to electromagnetic interference, it is compatible with the insulation system of electrical equipment and can be built into electrical equipment, optical fiber as a line sensor can measure multiple measurement points and realize distributed sensing. In addition, since partial discharge is a broadband signal, different types of discharges generally have different spectral characteristics. Once the traditional piezoelectric ceramic sensor is processed, its frequency band characteristics cannot be changed. Different types of discharge ultrasound generally need to use different voltages for measuring different types of discharge ultrasound on different types of electrical equipment. Electroceramic sensor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述现有问题，本发明的目的在于基于光纤传感器本身的宽频传感特性基础上利用一种光纤传感系统的光路特性来实现快速调谐传感系统频率特性的系统及方法，其优点在于在该系统未安装前可通过调节传感光纤和延迟光纤长度来调整测试系统的频率响应特性曲线，即使光纤传感器已内置入电力设备中，仍可在外部通过调节延迟光纤来调节整体传感系统频带特性，以适应不同类型局部放电的传感要求。In order to solve the above-mentioned existing problems, the object of the present invention is to utilize the optical path characteristics of an optical fiber sensing system to realize a system and method for quickly tuning the frequency characteristics of the sensing system based on the broadband sensing characteristics of the fiber optic sensor itself. Before the system is installed, the frequency response characteristic curve of the test system can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the sensing fiber and the delay fiber. Even if the fiber sensor has been built into the power equipment, the overall sensing system can still be adjusted externally by adjusting the delay fiber Frequency band characteristics to meet the sensing requirements of different types of partial discharge.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统，包括3x3对称光纤耦合器4，选取3x3对称光纤耦合器4的任一侧，该侧的三个接口分别与宽谱光源1的输出、第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的输入端相连，3x3对称光纤耦合器4另一侧的三个接口分别与第一引导光纤6、第二引导光纤8和光功率监测模块10的输入端相连；第一引导光纤6的另一端与延迟光纤5相连，延迟光纤5的另一端与第三引导光纤7相连，第三引导光纤7的另一端与传感光纤9相连，传感光纤9的另一端与第二引导光纤8相连；第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的输出端与三通道数据采集系统11的任意两个通道相连，三通道数据采集系统11未连接第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的通道用以采集工频电压，三通道数据采集系统11的输出端与工控机12相连。An ultrasonic optical fiber sensor system for partial discharge with tunable frequency response characteristics, including a 3x3 symmetrical fiber coupler 4, any side of the 3x3 symmetrical fiber coupler 4 is selected, and the three interfaces on this side are respectively connected to the output of a wide-spectrum light source 1 , the input ends of the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 are connected, and the three interfaces on the other side of the 3x3 symmetrical fiber coupler 4 are respectively connected with the first guide fiber 6, the second guide fiber 8 and the optical power monitoring module 10 The other end of the first guiding fiber 6 is connected to the delay fiber 5, the other end of the delay fiber 5 is connected to the third guiding fiber 7, and the other end of the third guiding fiber 7 is connected to the sensing fiber 9, and the sensing The other end of optical fiber 9 links to each other with second guiding optical fiber 8; The output end of first photodetector 2 and the output end of second photodetector 3 links to each other with any two passages of three-channel data acquisition system 11, and three-channel data acquisition system 11 is not connected to each other. The channels connecting the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 are used to collect the power frequency voltage, and the output end of the three-channel data acquisition system 11 is connected to the industrial computer 12 .
上述所述频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统的测试方法，包括如下步骤：The method for testing the partial discharge ultrasonic optical fiber sensing system with tunable frequency response characteristics described above comprises the following steps:
步骤1：搭建权利要求1所述频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统，根据以下公式计算所搭建的频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统的归一化频率响应特性，Step 1: Build the partial discharge ultrasonic optical fiber sensing system with tunable frequency response characteristics described in claim 1, and calculate the normalized frequency response characteristics of the constructed partial discharge ultrasonic optical fiber sensing system with tunable frequency response characteristics according to the following formula ,
cos(ωsz/v)-cos(ωs(l-z/v)cos(ω s z/v)-cos(ω s (lz/v)
其中ωs为目标信号的角频率，l为光纤总长度即引导光纤6、7、8、延迟光纤5、传感光纤9的长度总和，z为传感光纤9所处的位置，v为光纤中光的速度；比对所得归一化频率响应特性是否覆盖相应的待测电力设备中局部放电超声的频率范围；Where ω s is the angular frequency of the target signal, l is the total length of the optical fiber, that is, the sum of the lengths of the guiding optical fiber 6, 7, 8, the delay optical fiber 5, and the sensing optical fiber 9, z is the position of the sensing optical fiber 9, and v is the optical fiber The speed of light in the medium; compare whether the obtained normalized frequency response characteristics cover the frequency range of partial discharge ultrasound in the corresponding power equipment under test;
步骤2：将传感光纤9置入待测区域中，打开宽谱光源1，将三通道数据采集单元11设置为工频电压输入端口触发，此时若出现局部放电，其产生的超声会调制传感光纤9的折射率及其长度；相应的，经过传感光纤9的两束光的相位会出现调制现象，当两束光被调制的相位不同时，在第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3所检测到的光强由于干涉现象出现变化，因此由光强所转换成的电流信号出现变化，通过三通道数据采集单元11采集该电信号，在工控机12中进行信号处理，结合采集到的电压相位信息制作局部放电相位谱图，其具体为：Step 2: Put the sensing fiber 9 into the area to be tested, turn on the wide-spectrum light source 1, and set the three-channel data acquisition unit 11 as a power frequency voltage input port for triggering. If partial discharge occurs at this time, the ultrasonic waves generated by it will modulate The refractive index of the sensing fiber 9 and its length; correspondingly, the phases of the two beams of light passing through the sensing fiber 9 will be modulated, and when the modulated phases of the two beams of light are different, the first photodetector 2 and the second The light intensity detected by the second photodetector 3 changes due to the interference phenomenon, so the current signal converted by the light intensity changes, and the electrical signal is collected by the three-channel data acquisition unit 11, and the signal is processed in the industrial computer 12 , combined with the collected voltage phase information to make a partial discharge phase spectrum, which is specifically:
步骤201：三通道数据采集单元11分别采集了第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3传递的电信号和工频电压信号，将第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的幅值信号进行相减操作；将第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的幅值信号所处的时刻，即幅值信号对应的时间信号除以20毫秒并乘以360度得到相位信号；Step 201: The three-channel data acquisition unit 11 collected the electrical signal and the power frequency voltage signal transmitted by the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 respectively, and combined the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 Amplitude signals are subtracted; the moment at which the amplitude signals of the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 are located, that is, the time signal corresponding to the amplitude signal is divided by 20 milliseconds and multiplied by 360 degrees to obtain the phase Signal;
步骤202：对步骤201处理后的幅值信号利用巴特沃斯滤波器进行滤波；Step 202: Filter the amplitude signal processed in step 201 with a Butterworth filter;
步骤203：将步骤202中所处理得到的信号作为纵轴坐标，将步骤201处理所得到的相位信号作为横轴坐标，将其制成二维局部放电相位谱图；Step 203: taking the signal processed in step 202 as the coordinate on the vertical axis and the phase signal obtained from the processing in step 201 as the coordinate on the horizontal axis, and making it into a two-dimensional partial discharge phase spectrum;
步骤3：计算所测量幅值信号的峰值信噪比，即时域测量结果最大值除以均方根值，若所测量信号信噪比不满足要求，调节延迟光纤5的长度来调节传感系统频率响应曲线的峰值点，直到测量结果信噪比满足需求；若调节延迟光纤5无法改善信噪比，则停止测试，将传感光纤9取出并重新制作总长度更长的传感光纤9，并重新从步骤1开始测试；Step 3: Calculate the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the measured amplitude signal, divide the maximum value of the real-time domain measurement result by the root mean square value, if the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured signal does not meet the requirements, adjust the length of the delay fiber 5 to adjust the sensing system The peak point of the frequency response curve until the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement results meets the requirements; if the signal-to-noise ratio cannot be improved by adjusting the delay fiber 5, the test is stopped, the sensing fiber 9 is taken out and a sensing fiber 9 with a longer total length is remade, And restart the test from step 1;
步骤4：若待测电力设备出现更换，其局部放电超声频率分布也会有变换，则重新将传感光纤9取出并重新制作新的延迟光纤5和传感光纤9，其频率响应特性根据步骤1进行计算，要求传感系统的频率响应特性需覆盖待测信号的频率特性。Step 4: If the power equipment to be tested is replaced, the partial discharge ultrasonic frequency distribution will also change, then take out the sensing fiber 9 and re-create a new delay fiber 5 and sensing fiber 9, and its frequency response characteristics are according to the steps 1, it is required that the frequency response characteristics of the sensing system must cover the frequency characteristics of the signal to be measured.
和现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明提出了一种频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统及其测试方法。与现有压电陶瓷传感系统具有固定的频率响应特性相比，该方法的优势在于可通过调节延迟光纤5和传感光纤9的长度来调节整体传感系统的频率响应特性。此外，即使传感光纤9已安装入待测区域，仍可通过在待测区域外部调节延迟光纤5来调节传感系统频率响应特性以提高信噪比。同时该传感系统具有光纤传感器传统的抗电磁干扰，可内置入电力设备的特点。The invention proposes a partial discharge ultrasonic optical fiber sensing system with tunable frequency response characteristics and a testing method thereof. Compared with the fixed frequency response characteristic of the existing piezoelectric ceramic sensing system, the advantage of this method is that the frequency response characteristic of the overall sensing system can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the delay fiber 5 and the sensing fiber 9 . In addition, even if the sensing fiber 9 has been installed in the area to be measured, the frequency response characteristic of the sensing system can be adjusted by adjusting the delay fiber 5 outside the area to be measured to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. At the same time, the sensing system has the traditional anti-electromagnetic interference of optical fiber sensors and can be built into electrical equipment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明传感系统整体示意图。Fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the sensing system of the present invention.
图2为根据步骤1中所计算的当传感光纤9放置在不同位置时的传感系统归一化频率响应特性曲线。其中光纤总长度为1600米。FIG. 2 is the normalized frequency response characteristic curve of the sensing system calculated in step 1 when the sensing optical fiber 9 is placed in different positions. The total length of optical fiber is 1600 meters.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明一种频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统，包括宽谱光源1，光电探测器2，光电探测器3，3x3光纤耦合器4，延迟光纤5，引导光纤6、7、8，传感光纤9，光功率监测模块10，三通道数据采集系统11，工控机12。As shown in Figure 1, a partial discharge ultrasonic optical fiber sensor system with tunable frequency response characteristics of the present invention includes a wide-spectrum light source 1, a photodetector 2, a photodetector 3, a 3x3 fiber coupler 4, and a delay fiber 5. Guide optical fiber 6, 7, 8, sensing optical fiber 9, optical power monitoring module 10, three-channel data acquisition system 11, industrial computer 12.
其中，选取3x3对称光纤耦合器4的任一侧，该侧的三个接口分别与宽谱光源1的输出、第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的输入端相连，3x3对称光纤耦合器4另一侧的三个接口分别与第一引导光纤6、第二引导光纤8和光功率监测模块10的输入端相连；第一引导光纤6的另一端与延迟光纤5相连，延迟光纤5的另一端与第三引导光纤7相连，第三引导光纤7的另一端与传感光纤9相连，传感光纤9的另一端与第二引导光纤8相连；第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的输出端与三通道数据采集系统11的任意两个通道相连，三通道数据采集系统11未连接第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的通道用以采集工频电压，三通道数据采集系统11的输出端与工控机12相连。其系统示意图见图1。Among them, any side of the 3x3 symmetrical fiber coupler 4 is selected, and the three interfaces on this side are respectively connected to the output of the broadband light source 1, the input ends of the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3, and the 3x3 symmetrical optical fiber The three interfaces on the other side of the coupler 4 are respectively connected to the input ends of the first guide fiber 6, the second guide fiber 8 and the optical power monitoring module 10; the other end of the first guide fiber 6 is connected to the delay fiber 5, and the delay fiber 5 The other end of the third guide fiber 7 is connected with the third guide fiber 7, the other end of the third guide fiber 7 is connected with the sensing fiber 9, and the other end of the sensing fiber 9 is connected with the second guide fiber 8; the first photodetector 2 and the second The output end of the photodetector 3 is connected to any two channels of the three-channel data acquisition system 11, and the three-channel data acquisition system 11 is not connected to the channels of the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 to collect power frequency voltage , the output end of the three-channel data acquisition system 11 is connected to the industrial computer 12 . The schematic diagram of the system is shown in Figure 1.
上述所述测试系统的测试方法，包括如下步骤：The testing method of above-mentioned testing system, comprises the steps:
步骤1：搭建图1所述频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统，根据以下公式计算所搭建的频率响应特性可调谐的局部放电超声光纤传感系统的归一化频率响应特性，Step 1: build the partial discharge ultrasonic fiber optic sensing system with tunable frequency response characteristic as shown in Figure 1, and calculate the normalized frequency response characteristic of the built partial discharge ultrasonic fiber optic sensing system with tunable frequency response characteristic according to the following formula,
cos(ωsz/v)-cos(ωs(l-z/v)cos(ω s z/v)-cos(ω s (lz/v)
其中ωs为目标信号的角频率，l为光纤总长度即引导光纤6、7、8、延迟光纤5、传感光纤9的长度总和，z为传感光纤9所处的位置，v为光纤中光的速度。比对所得归一化频率响应特性是否覆盖相应的待测电力设备中局部放电超声的频率范围。附图2是当l为1600米时，不同位置处(z)传感光纤的归一化频率响应特性曲线。Where ω s is the angular frequency of the target signal, l is the total length of the optical fiber, that is, the sum of the lengths of the guiding optical fiber 6, 7, 8, the delay optical fiber 5, and the sensing optical fiber 9, z is the position of the sensing optical fiber 9, and v is the optical fiber The speed of light in the medium. Compare whether the obtained normalized frequency response characteristics cover the frequency range of partial discharge ultrasound in the corresponding power equipment under test. Accompanying drawing 2 is when l is 1600 meters, the normalized frequency response characteristic curve of sensing optical fiber at different positions (z).
步骤2：将传感光纤9置入待测区域中，利用粘合剂将传感光纤固定在待测区域，保证其紧密贴合。打开宽谱光源1，第一光电探测器2、第二光电探测器3和工控机12和三通道数据采集单元11，并将三通道数据采集单元11设置为工频电压输入端口触发，调整宽谱光源1的输出光强，观察第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3采集到的光强转换为的电流，增大光强直到该电流饱和。若出现局部放电，其产生的超声会调制传感光纤9的折射率及其长度。相应的，经过传感光纤9的两束光的相位会出现调制现象，当两束光被调制的相位不同时，在第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3所检测到的光强由于干涉现象出现变化，因此由光强所转换成的电流信号出现变化，通过三通道数据采集单元11采集该电信号，在工控机12中进行信号处理，结合采集到的电压相位信息制作局部放电相位谱图，其具体为：Step 2: Put the sensing fiber 9 into the area to be measured, and fix the sensing fiber 9 on the area to be measured with an adhesive to ensure a tight fit. Turn on the wide-spectrum light source 1, the first photodetector 2, the second photodetector 3 and the industrial computer 12 and the three-channel data acquisition unit 11, and the three-channel data acquisition unit 11 is set to trigger at the power frequency voltage input port, adjust the width The output light intensity of the spectrum light source 1, observe the current converted from the light intensity collected by the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3, and increase the light intensity until the current is saturated. If partial discharge occurs, the ultrasound generated by it will modulate the refractive index and length of the sensing fiber 9 . Correspondingly, the phases of the two beams of light passing through the sensing fiber 9 will be modulated. When the modulated phases of the two beams of light are different, the light intensity detected by the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 Due to the change of the interference phenomenon, the current signal converted from the light intensity changes, the electrical signal is collected by the three-channel data acquisition unit 11, the signal is processed in the industrial computer 12, and the partial discharge is produced by combining the collected voltage and phase information. Phase spectrogram, specifically:
步骤201：三通道数据采集单元11分别采集了第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3传递的电信号和工频电压信号。将第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的幅值信号进行相减操作。将第一光电探测器2和第二光电探测器3的幅值信号所处的时刻，即幅值信号对应的时间信号除以20毫秒并乘以360度得到相位信号。Step 201: The three-channel data acquisition unit 11 respectively collects the electrical signal and the power frequency voltage signal transmitted by the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 . A subtraction operation is performed on the amplitude signals of the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 . The time at which the amplitude signals of the first photodetector 2 and the second photodetector 3 are located, that is, the time signal corresponding to the amplitude signal is divided by 20 milliseconds and multiplied by 360 degrees to obtain a phase signal.
步骤202：对步骤201处理后的幅值信号利用巴特沃斯滤波器进行滤波，巴特沃斯滤波器的阶数可选为3阶。Step 202: Filter the amplitude signal processed in step 201 with a Butterworth filter, and the order of the Butterworth filter can be selected as 3rd order.
步骤203：将步骤202中所处理得到的信号作为纵轴坐标，将步骤201处理所得到的相位信号作为横轴坐标，将其制成二维局部放电相位谱图。Step 203: take the signal processed in step 202 as the coordinate on the vertical axis, and the phase signal obtained from the processing in step 201 as the coordinate on the horizontal axis, and make a two-dimensional partial discharge phase spectrum diagram.
步骤3：计算所测量幅值信号的峰值信噪比，即时域测量结果最大值除以均方根值，若所测量信号信噪比不满足要求，调节延迟光纤5的长度来调节传感系统频率响应曲线的峰值点，直到测量结果信噪比满足需求。若调节延迟光纤5无法改善信噪比，则停止测试将传感光纤9取出并重新制作总长度更长的传感光纤9，并重新从步骤1开始测试。Step 3: Calculate the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the measured amplitude signal, divide the maximum value of the real-time domain measurement result by the root mean square value, if the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured signal does not meet the requirements, adjust the length of the delay fiber 5 to adjust the sensing system The peak point of the frequency response curve until the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement results meets the requirements. If the signal-to-noise ratio cannot be improved by adjusting the delay fiber 5, stop the test, take out the sensing fiber 9 and re-make a sensing fiber 9 with a longer total length, and start the test from step 1 again.
步骤4：若待测电力设备出现更换，其局部放电超声频率分布一般会有变换，则重新将传感光纤9取出并重新制作新的延迟光纤5和传感光纤9，其频率响应特性根据步骤1进行计算，要求传感系统的频率响应特性需覆盖待测信号的频率特性。Step 4: If the power equipment to be tested is replaced, the partial discharge ultrasonic frequency distribution will generally change, then take out the sensing fiber 9 and re-create a new delay fiber 5 and sensing fiber 9, the frequency response characteristics of which are according to the steps 1, it is required that the frequency response characteristics of the sensing system must cover the frequency characteristics of the signal to be measured.
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