CN106093586B - Insulation resistance detection system and detection method for photovoltaic combiner box direct current system - Google Patents
Insulation resistance detection system and detection method for photovoltaic combiner box direct current system Download PDFInfo
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- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system which is characterized by comprising a unit I, a unit II, a unit III, a unit penta I, a unit penta II, a unit VI, a unit VII, a unit VIII and a unit VII; the above units are composed as follows: a unit I: an insulated sampling circuit; a second unit: a filtering operational amplifier circuit; a third unit: is a single chip microcomputer; the unit is five one: a string current sampling circuit; unit five two: a DC bus voltage acquisition circuit; a unit six: respectively providing a singlechip working power supply, a relay working power supply, a communication circuit working power supply and a switching-on and switching-off coil working power supply; a unit seven: the positive and negative circuit that collects of photovoltaic group cluster, unit eight: the direct current breaker is provided with a switching-on and switching-off coil; a unit nine: and the power supply for starting the singlechip, the standby power supply for driving the relay, the standby power supply for the communication circuit and the standby power supply for the switching-on and switching-off coils are respectively provided. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, strong adaptability and good safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system and a detection method thereof.
Background
The photovoltaic power generation system has complex wiring, multiple branches and long distance, and can inevitably cause the natural aging of cables or the damage of cable insulating layers caused by factors such as external force and the like, so that the insulation resistance of the anode or the cathode of the direct current cable to the ground is reduced to a certain value, and even a ground fault occurs.
In a photovoltaic power generation system, the positive electrode and the negative electrode on the direct current side are insulated from the ground, and when one electrode is grounded, no ground current path is formed, so that no harm is caused. However, when the inverter is grounded in a different polarity manner, the dc power supply is short-circuited, the output fuse is fused, the switch is burned, and the inverter may malfunction. For a metal roof power station, short-circuit electric arc occurs when direct current short circuit is serious, and a roof is burnt through to cause fire.
The cable insulation is reduced, and the personal safety of operation and maintenance personnel can be caused. In addition, because the photovoltaic system has a plurality of direct current input/output loops, for safe operation and maintenance, it is necessary to effectively monitor and search the specific branch circuit of the insulation drop and process the branch circuit in time, so that the system can operate safely and stably.
The current photovoltaic combiner box technology: only the photovoltaic group string current detection, the direct current bus voltage detection, the additional non-electric quantity detection and the communication function are provided. The insulation resistance of the key is short of the detection function, the insulation condition of each group of strings can not be detected, and once the insulation has problems, the manual work is needed to check, so that the time and the labor are wasted. The main disadvantages of the above technology are as follows:
1. the cable insulation is reduced, which can cause the personal safety of operation and maintenance personnel.
2. The insulation of the cable is reduced, and when the line leaks electricity, the fault line cannot automatically jump, so that accidents such as fire, equipment damage and the like easily occur.
2. When the cable insulation is reduced and the line leaks electricity, the bus side main circuit breaker cannot automatically trip, so that the current of other direct current power supplies is easily reversely filled, and the situation is further expanded.
3. Only can reflect the general insulating condition of numerous group's cluster when bus insulation resistance detects the function, can't detect the insulating condition of each group's cluster, in case the group string is insulating to have a problem, need the manual work to go to investigate, waste time and energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide the photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system and the detection method thereof, wherein the photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system is simple in structure, convenient to construct, strong in adaptability and good in safety.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system is characterized by comprising a unit I, a unit II, a unit III, a unit penta I, a unit penta II, a unit VI, a unit VII, a unit VIII and a unit VII;
the above units are composed as follows:
a first unit: the insulation sampling circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the first switch and the first resistor are connected in series to form a first branch circuit which is positioned between the direct-current positive bus and the ground;
a second unit: the filtering operational amplifier circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first capacitor and an operational amplifier, wherein the third resistor is connected with the operational amplifier in series, two ends of the fourth resistor are bridged between the reverse input end and the output end of the operational amplifier, the third resistor is grounded with the first capacitor through the third resistor and the first capacitor which are connected in parallel, and one end of the third resistor is connected with the ground;
a third unit: is a single chip microcomputer;
the third unit is connected with the signal output end of the operational amplifier;
the unit III is connected with the unit V;
the unit III is connected with the unit V;
the unit III controls the on-off of the relays of the group string and controls the on-off of the switching-on and switching-off coils;
the unit is five one: a string current sampling circuit;
a fifth unit and a second unit: a DC bus voltage acquisition circuit;
a unit six: respectively providing a singlechip working power supply, a relay working power supply, a communication circuit working power supply and a switching-on and switching-off coil working power supply;
a seventh unit: the photovoltaic string positive and negative collecting circuit comprises a direct current positive bus and a direct current negative bus, wherein the direct current positive bus is formed by connecting n direct current positive branch lines in parallel, the direct current negative bus is formed by connecting n direct current negative branch lines in parallel, and a string positive electrode, a photovoltaic fuse, a relay and an isolation diode are respectively connected to the n direct current positive branch lines in series; the n direct current negative branch lines are respectively connected with a group string negative electrode, a photovoltaic fuse and a relay in series;
unit eight: the direct current breaker is a direct current breaker with a switching-on/off coil and is connected with a direct current positive bus and a direct current negative bus of the unit seven;
a unit nine: and a singlechip starting working power supply, a relay driving standby power supply, a communication circuit standby power supply and a switching-on and switching-off coil standby power supply are respectively provided.
The utility model provides a photovoltaic conflux case direct current system insulation resistance detecting system still includes unit four, and unit four is communication circuit for reach the distant place with electric quantity, the non-electric quantity parameter upload that the conflux case gathered, unit four transmits the signal for unit three.
The nine-unit circuit input is taken from a photovoltaic cell panel outside the n groups of strings.
A photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system comprises the following detection methods:
when electricity is obtained in daytime, the photovoltaic group string and the photovoltaic cell panel are powered on, the unit nine works preferentially, a relay on the first direct current positive branch line and a relay on the first direct current negative branch line are connected, the voltage on the first photovoltaic group string is added to the direct current positive bus and the direct current negative bus, the unit six starts to work because of the power obtained, the unit three calculates the equivalent insulation resistance of the first direct current positive branch line and the first direct current negative branch line corresponding to the first group string to the ground through the insulation sampling circuit, analyzes whether the insulation resistance of the branch line to the ground is normal or not, marks are made, and determines whether the first group string is powered on or not in operation;
after sampling of the ground insulation resistance of the first string group is finished, a relay on a first direct current positive branch line and a relay on a first direct current negative branch line are disconnected, a relay on a second direct current positive branch line and a relay on a second direct current negative branch line are connected in a delayed mode, voltage on a second photovoltaic string group is added to a direct current positive bus and a direct current negative bus, a unit six starts to work due to the fact that electricity is obtained, the size of the ground equivalent insulation resistance of the second direct current positive branch line and the second direct current negative branch line corresponding to the second string group is calculated through an insulation sampling circuit, whether the ground insulation resistance of the branch line is normal or not is analyzed, a mark is made, and whether the second string group is put into power generation or not in operation is determined;
similarly, the next path of relay is switched on in a delayed mode until the relay on the nth direct current positive branch line and the relay on the nth direct current negative branch line are switched on; after sampling the equivalent insulation resistance to the ground of the nth string, according to the insulation health flag bit of the string, the string in insulation health can be put into a system to generate power, the single chip microcomputer sends a control command to attract the relays of the corresponding string branch circuits, the string in insulation unhealthy cannot be put into the system to generate power, and the single chip microcomputer sends the control command to disconnect the relays of the corresponding string branch circuits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. and time-sharing control is realized, and the insulation state of each photovoltaic group string can be detected and evaluated through a switching circuit of the relay. If the insulation problem can occur, the specific string can be accurately positioned, and the workload of field fault removal can be reduced.
2. According to the insulation health state, the well-insulated string is determined to be put into operation for power generation, and the string with the poor insulation state is cut out from the power generation system, so that the fault can be timely repaired and removed, the accident is prevented from further expanding, and the reliability of the system is improved.
3. The open circuit voltage of each component string can be measured and stored, and the electrical performance change condition of the components can be analyzed, particularly the attenuation condition of the components can be predicted.
4. The electric parameters and the non-electric parameters of the combiner box can be remotely transmitted to the monitoring center through the communication circuit, and the automation degree is high. And the monitoring background can also receive a power station instruction to connect and disconnect the equipment into and out of the power generation system. When the monitoring background needs overall insulation evaluation, a monitoring command can be issued, and the combiner box executes corresponding actions and uploads the actions in real time.
5. The device has a power supply redundancy technology, the normal working power supply of the component can be taken from the unit six AU6 through the preferential starting of the unit nine AU9, the unit six AU6 and the unit nine AU9 are mutually independent, and the reliability is high. Even if the photovoltaic string is broken or short-circuited in the detection process, the detection and evaluation of the device on the insulation performance of the string are not influenced. Since the power supply output voltage of the unit nine AU9 is slightly higher than that of the unit six AU6, once the power supply of the unit nine AU9 satisfies the power supply condition, the load uses the power supply output by the unit nine AU9, and the power supply of the unit six AU6 is in a hot standby state and operates without load.
Therefore, the insulation resistance detection system of the photovoltaic combiner box direct current system has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in construction, strong adaptability and good safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a unit one, a unit two, a unit three, a unit four, a unit five one, and a unit five two.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of unit six.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of unit seven and unit eight.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of unit nine.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention relates to a photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system, which comprises a unit one AU1, a unit two AU2, a unit three AU3, a unit four AU4, a unit five one AU5-1, a unit five two AU5-2, a unit six AU6, a unit seven AU7, a unit eight AU8 and a unit nine AU9.
The above units are composed as follows:
unit one AU1: the insulation sampling circuit comprises a first switch S1, a second switch S2, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, wherein the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are electronic isolating switches controlled by a single chip microcomputer, and the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are direct-current sampling resistors; the first switch S1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series to form a first branch circuit which is located between the direct current positive bus and the ground, the second switch S2 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series to form a second branch circuit which is located between the direct current positive bus and the ground, a direct current positive bus ground equivalent insulation resistor Rx also exists between the direct current positive bus and the ground, and a direct current negative bus ground equivalent insulation resistor Ry also exists between the direct current negative bus and the ground.
Unit two AU2: the filtering operational amplifier circuit comprises a resistor three R3, a resistor three-R31, a resistor four R4, a capacitor one C1 and an operational amplifier OAMP (operational amplifier), wherein the resistor three R3 is connected with the operational amplifier OAMP in series, two ends of the resistor four R4 are bridged between the reverse input end and the output end of the operational amplifier OAMP, and the resistor three R3 and the operational amplifier OAMP in series are connected with GND (grounded) through the resistor three-R31 and the capacitor one C1 which are connected in parallel. One end of the resistor three R3 is connected with the ground. The resistor three R3 and the resistor three R31 form a voltage division circuit, and the capacitor C1 plays a role in low-pass filtering; the three-one R31 and the four R4 determine the voltage amplification factor of the operational amplifier circuit of the operational amplifier OAMP.
Unit three AU3: the single chip microcomputer with the A/D conversion function is provided with a plurality of I/O interfaces; and has a communication interface.
One A/D interface of the unit three AU3 is connected with the signal output end of the operational amplifier OAMP;
unit three AU3 is connected with unit four AU4;
the unit three AU3 is connected with the unit five-one AU5-1;
the unit three AU3 is connected with the unit five or two AU5-2;
the 1 st to nth I/O interfaces of the unit three AU3 respectively control the on-off of the relay of the string, and the n +1 th I/O interface controls the on-off of the opening and closing coil.
Unit four AU4: and the communication circuit is used for uploading the electric quantity and non-electric quantity parameters collected by the combiner box to a remote place, so that the monitoring and measuring automation can be realized. Unit four AU4 passes the signal to unit three AU3.
Unit five-one AU5-1: and a string current sampling circuit. The unit five-one AU5-1 passes the signal to the unit three AU3.
Unit five two AU5-2: direct current bus voltage acquisition circuit. The unit five or two AU5-2 passes the signal to the unit three AU3.
Unit six AU6: the isolation power supply formed by the first DC/DC conversion circuit respectively provides a working power supply of a single chip microcomputer, a working power supply of a relay, a working power supply of a communication circuit and a working power supply of a switching-on/off coil.
Unit seven AU7: the photovoltaic string positive and negative collection circuit comprises a direct-current positive bus and a direct-current negative bus, wherein the direct-current positive bus is formed by connecting n direct-current positive branch lines in parallel, the direct-current negative bus is formed by connecting n direct-current negative branch lines in parallel, and string positive electrodes (PV 1+ to PVn +), photovoltaic fuses (FU 11 to FU1 n), relays (Dis-11 to Dis-1 n) and isolating diodes (VD 11 to VD1 n) are respectively connected to the n direct-current positive branch lines in series; the n direct current negative branch lines are respectively connected with the group string negative electrodes (PV 1-PVn-), the photovoltaic fuses (FU 21-FU 2 n) and the relays (Dis-21-Dis-2 n) in series; the opening and closing of the relay is controlled by a signal of the single chip microcomputer.
Unit eight AU8: the direct-current circuit breaker is a direct-current circuit breaker with a switching-on/off coil, and the direct-current circuit breaker is connected with a direct-current positive bus and a direct-current negative bus of a seven AU7 unit.
Unit nine AU9: the DC/DC conversion circuit is a second DC/DC conversion circuit, the circuit input is taken from a photovoltaic cell panel outside a group string (PV 1-PVn), the open-circuit voltage is nominal direct current 24V, and the power is not less than 20W; the second DC/DC conversion circuit respectively provides a singlechip starting working power supply, a relay driving standby power supply, a communication circuit standby power supply and a switching-on and switching-off coil standby power supply.
The working principle is as follows:
since the insulation resistance can be calculated using constant field theory, it is related to the leakage rate y of the dielectric, to the radius of the conductor and the thickness of the insulation layer, and also to the length of the conductor. The specific calculation is difficult. The insulation resistance is measured by an equivalent resistance method without loss of generality: the equivalent insulation resistance of the direct current positive bus to the ground is Rx, and the equivalent insulation resistance of the direct current negative bus to the ground is Ry.
There is no absolute relationship between Rx and Ry. Because Rx and Ry are invisible, direct measurement is difficult. The current multipurpose balance bridge method test has the defect that when Rx and Ry are equally reduced, a point-to-ground signal of a direct current system cannot be sent out.
The invention overcomes the defect of measuring the insulation resistance by a balanced bridge method, and is briefly described as follows:
and for convenient calculation, the resistor I R1 and the resistor II R2 are actually connected.
The second switch S2 is disconnected, the first switch S1 is closed, and the voltage to ground of the direct-current positive electrode bus DC + is measured to be U1;
switching off the first switch S1, switching on the second switch S2, and measuring that the voltage to earth of the direct-current positive bus DC + is U2;
and (3) measuring: and if the DC-to-DC voltage between the DC positive bus DC + and the DC negative bus DC-is Uz, the following steps are performed:
the working process is as follows:
1. a dormancy process:
because the photovoltaic system is based on the photovoltaic generation principle, at night, the photovoltaic module string and the photovoltaic cell panel do not have voltage output, the unit six AU6 and the unit nine AU9 are in the non-operating state, and all relays are in the off state. The system is waiting for the start-up procedure to come.
2. The starting process comprises the following steps:
when the day comes, although the photovoltaic module string and the photovoltaic cell panel have voltage output, at the moment, the unit six AU6 is not in the working state because the relay is disconnected. The unit nine AU9 is preferentially worked, and the single chip microcomputer is initialized due to the fact that the single chip microcomputer obtains a starting working power supply and then is switched to a detection process.
3. And (3) detection process:
the photovoltaic power generation system stops generating power at night, the direct current circuit breaker is in the opening state, namely the insulation of the junction box is only related to the photovoltaic group string connected with the body, and the insulation is not related to other lines.
When the day comes, the photovoltaic group string and the photovoltaic cell panel are powered on, and the unit nine AU9 works preferentially. The relay Dis-11 on the first direct current positive branch line and the relay Dis-21 on the first direct current negative branch line are connected, the voltage on the photovoltaic group string PV1 is added to the direct current positive bus and the direct current negative bus, the unit six AU6 starts to work due to power, the unit three AU3 calculates the equivalent insulation resistance of the first direct current positive branch line and the first direct current negative branch line of the corresponding group string PV1 to the ground through the insulation sampling circuit, analyzes whether the insulation resistance of the branch to the ground is normal or not, marks are made, and determines whether the PV1 is put into power generation or not in operation.
After the sampling of the ground insulation resistance of the string PV1 is finished, the relay Dis-11 on the first direct current positive branch line and the relay Dis-21 on the first direct current negative branch line are disconnected, 10S is delayed, the relay Dis-12 on the second direct current positive branch line and the relay Dis-22 on the second direct current negative branch line are connected, the voltage on the photovoltaic string PV2 is added to the direct current positive bus and the direct current negative bus, the unit six AU6 starts to work due to power supply, the unit three AU3 calculates the equivalent ground insulation resistance of the second direct current positive branch line and the second direct current negative branch line of the corresponding string PV2 through the insulation sampling circuit, analyzes whether the ground insulation resistance of the branch line is normal or not, marks are made, and whether the PV2 is put into power generation or not in operation is determined.
Similarly, the next path of relay is switched on until the relay Dis-n1 on the nth direct current positive branch line and the relay Dis-2n on the nth direct current negative branch line; after sampling of equivalent insulation resistance to ground of the PVn of the string group is finished, according to the insulation health flag bit of the string group (lower than the insulation health flag bit of the string group indicates that the insulation resistance at the position is unqualified), the string group in insulation health can be put into a system to generate power, the single chip microcomputer sends a control command to attract the relays of the branch circuits of the corresponding string group, and the string group in insulation unhealthy cannot be put into the system to generate power, and the single chip microcomputer sends the control command to disconnect the relays of the branch circuits of the corresponding string group.
Claims (2)
1. A photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system is characterized by comprising a unit I, a unit II, a unit III, a unit penta I, a unit penta II, a unit VI, a unit VII, a unit VIII and a unit VII;
the components of each unit are as follows:
a unit I: the insulation sampling circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the first switch and the first resistor are connected in series to form a first branch circuit which is positioned between the direct-current positive bus and the ground;
a second unit: the filtering operational amplifier circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first capacitor and an operational amplifier, wherein the third resistor is connected with the operational amplifier in series, two ends of the fourth resistor are bridged between the reverse input end and the output end of the operational amplifier, the third resistor is grounded with the first capacitor through the third resistor and the first capacitor which are connected in parallel, and one end of the third resistor is connected with the ground;
a third unit: is a singlechip;
the third unit is connected with the signal output end of the operational amplifier;
the unit III is connected with the unit V;
the unit III is connected with the unit V;
the third unit controls the on-off of the relay of the group string and controls the on-off of the opening and closing coil;
the unit is five one: a string current sampling circuit;
unit five two: a DC bus voltage acquisition circuit;
a unit six: respectively providing a singlechip working power supply, a relay working power supply, a communication circuit working power supply and a switching-on and switching-off coil working power supply;
a unit seven: the photovoltaic string positive and negative collecting circuit comprises a direct current positive bus and a direct current negative bus, wherein the direct current positive bus is formed by connecting n direct current positive branch lines in parallel, the direct current negative bus is formed by connecting n direct current negative branch lines in parallel, and the n direct current positive branch lines are respectively connected with a string positive electrode, a photovoltaic fuse, a relay and an isolating diode in series; the n direct current negative branch lines are respectively connected with a group string negative electrode, a photovoltaic fuse and a relay in series;
unit eight: the direct current circuit breaker is a direct current circuit breaker with a switching-on/off coil and is connected with a direct current positive bus and a direct current negative bus of the unit seven;
a unit nine: respectively providing a singlechip starting working power supply, a relay driving standby power supply, a communication circuit standby power supply and a switching-on and switching-off coil standby power supply;
the photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system further comprises a fourth unit, wherein the fourth unit is a communication circuit and is used for uploading electric quantity and non-electric quantity parameters collected by the combiner box to a remote place, and the fourth unit transmits signals to the third unit;
the nine-unit circuit input is taken from a photovoltaic cell panel outside the n strings.
2. A photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection method is characterized in that the photovoltaic combiner box direct current system insulation resistance detection system of claim 1 is adopted:
when the electricity comes in the daytime, the photovoltaic string and the photovoltaic cell panel are powered on, the unit nine works preferentially, a relay on the first direct current positive branch line and a relay on the first direct current negative branch line are connected, the voltage on the first photovoltaic string is added to the direct current positive bus and the direct current negative bus, the unit six starts to work due to the power on, the unit three calculates the equivalent insulation resistance of the first direct current positive branch line and the first direct current negative branch line corresponding to the first string to the ground through the insulation sampling circuit, analyzes whether the insulation resistance of the branch lines to the ground is normal or not, marks the branch lines and determines whether the first string is powered on for power generation or not in operation;
after sampling of the ground insulation resistance of the first string group is finished, a relay on a first direct current positive branch line and a relay on a first direct current negative branch line are disconnected, a relay on a second direct current positive branch line and a relay on a second direct current negative branch line are connected in a delayed mode, voltage on a second photovoltaic string group is added to a direct current positive bus and a direct current negative bus, a unit six starts to work due to power, the size of the ground equivalent insulation resistance of the second direct current positive branch line and the second direct current negative branch line corresponding to the second string group is calculated through an insulation sampling circuit, whether the ground insulation resistance of the branch lines is normal or not is analyzed, a mark is made, and whether the second string group is put into power generation or not in operation is determined;
similarly, the next path of relay is switched on in a delayed mode until the relay on the nth direct current positive branch line and the relay on the nth direct current negative branch line are switched on; after sampling the equivalent insulation resistance to the ground of the nth string, according to the insulation health flag bit of the string, the string in insulation health can be put into a system to generate power, the single chip microcomputer sends a control command to attract the relays of the corresponding string branch circuits, the string in insulation unhealthy cannot be put into the system to generate power, and the single chip microcomputer sends the control command to disconnect the relays of the corresponding string branch circuits.
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| CN107167661B (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2023-05-16 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Insulation resistance detection device and method |
| CN113138326B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2024-05-14 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Insulation detection system, insulation detection method and photovoltaic system |
| CN114414893A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-04-29 | 深圳市鼎泰佳创科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic system input impedance detection circuit, method and equipment |
| CN115236433A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-25 | 成都工业学院 | Photovoltaic system fault detection method and device adopting LED array light source simulation |
| CN117647676A (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-05 | 永联科技(常熟)有限公司 | Insulation resistance detection circuit and detection method |
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