CN106083182A - Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite, its technical scheme is characterized by, and agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is made up of agricultural wastes, high viscous attapulgite clay, bentonite, powdery attapulgite foaming agent, cenosphere, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, precipitated calcium carbonate, ferrous sulfate and quick lime.Dispensing is stirred mixing, extruder grain, drying, roasting, be incubated, sieve after pack as agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.The feature that agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite has that specific surface area is big, bulk density is little, water absorption rate is high, permeability is superior, appearance and modeling free from extraneous odour attractive in appearance, lightweight intensity are good, micropore and macropore are integrated.During for cultivating or plant various nursery stock, flowers and plants and vegetable, the root of plant will absorb water or the nutritional labeling of liquid fertilizer from agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite, guarantee that growth and development of plants is good and survival rate high, it is adaptable to preparation soilless culture substrate and Nutrition Soil.

Description

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite

Technical field

The present invention relates to haydite, be specifically related to a kind of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Background technology

The soil used when cultivating or plant various nursery stock, flowers and plants and vegetable, is to use the earth near on the spot mostly, then Adding some plant ash or peat soil is bound together, the moisture content of these soil, 12～20%, has possibly together with substantial amounts of Fall ill bacterium.

When using these soil incubations or plant various nursery stock, flowers and plants and vegetable, it is difficult to control the water yield of later stage moisturizing, mends Soil moisture content after water is more than more than 30%, and the moisture in soil is higher, and soil will be in semi-fluid cement paste or mud Pulpous state, if soil does not has can obtain moisturizing in time, soil it would appear that the lump shape that hardens, all will directly influence and plant again The normal growth of thing.

Along with improving constantly of afforestation project prescription, also frequently with lytag, leca, haydites of book structure and The materials such as flower ceramsite are soilless culture substrate.

Lytag, leca and haydites of book structure are a kind of artificial lightweight aggregates, use high-quality clay, shale or fine coal Ash is primary raw material, by rotary kiln high-temperature roasting, forms through expanded, due to inside it in alveolate texture, thus have light The features such as matter, high-strength, heat conductivity is low, water absorption rate is little, (refer to national standard: GBT17431.1-2010 light-weight aggregate and examination thereof Proved recipe method).

Owing to artificial lightweight aggregate is after high-temperature roasting, its surface formed one layer of enamel, although inside artificial lightweight aggregate in The micropore of alveolate texture, but, the micropore of internal cellular shape structure is a kind of closed pore, the micropore of alveolate texture not only that Do not connect between this, and and external environment, water absorption rate is relatively low, is practically free of moisture inside artificial lightweight aggregate, by artificial Light-weight aggregate is put in water body, can only float on the surface of water, and therefore, artificial lightweight aggregate can only be sprinkling upon the top layer of soil, as one Plant decoration, the plants such as the various nursery stocks of plantation, flowers and vegetable can not be directly used in.

Chinese patent Authorization Notice No.: CN 102503539 B, authorized announcement date: on 04 17th, 2013, entitled " circle Spherical attapulgite flower ceramsite ", disclose that " a kind of spherical attapulgite flower ceramsite, spherical attapulgite flower ceramsite is by height Viscous attapulgite clay powder, attapulgite clay mine tailing, red bentonite in powder, mud, kieselguhr mine tailing and powdered rice hulls group Become.By the dispensing of spherical attapulgite flower ceramsite through mixing, pelletize, roasting, cool down and screening to be packaged as spheroidal concavo-convex Rod flower ceramsite ".

Spheroidal ceramsite preparation process: in granulation process, is first processed into powdery dispensing and a kind of is less than 0.5 millimeter little Ball, the spray water solution that then will prepare, sprays the bead surface in on-stream comminutor, then powdery dispensing is trickled down On the surface of moistening bead, through repeated sprinkling spray water solution and powdery dispensing is trickled down at moistening bead Surface, through the parcel of layer upon layer, the volume of bead constantly increases, and is finally completed the overall process of pelletize, is prepared as one The spheroidal haydite that strength ratio is higher.

Spheroidal haydite internal structure after roasting is tightr, although spheroidal haydite strength ratio is higher, but Causing effective ratio area little, proportion and bulk density are the biggest, thus reduce spheroidal haydite absorbability and Water absorption rate.

Spherical attapulgite flower ceramsite is a kind of spheroidal haydite, and in roasting process, spherical attapulgite flower is made pottery Intragranular portion is difficult to grill thoroughly completely, directly influences the inherent quality of spherical attapulgite flower ceramsite.

Test through multiple sampling: the artificial lightweight aggregate average bulk density >=800kg/m sold on market, mean water absorption Rate≤18%, normal soil average bulk density >=1020kg/m, mean water absorption rate≤26%, spherical attapulgite flower is made pottery Grain average bulk density >=850kg/m, mean water absorption rate≤50%.

By contrast, the bulk density of these several haydites is the biggest, and water absorption rate is smaller, and user wishes to invention one Bulk density≤800kg/m, the light ceramic of water absorption rate >=65%, to be applicable to prepare soilless culture substrate and Nutrition Soil.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to overcome weak point in prior art, it is provided that a kind of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is by agricultural wastes, high viscous attapulgite clay, bentonite, powdery attapulgite Foaming agent, cenosphere, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, precipitated calcium carbonate, ferrous sulfate and quick lime composition.

The production method of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite: the dispensing of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is stirred Mix mixing, extruder grain, drying, roasting, be incubated, sieve after pack as agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Agricultural wastes are also referred to as agricultural waste, by its composition, mainly include plant fibrous garbage and feces of livestock and poultry two Big class, is resource input and the difference of output matter and energy in agricultural production and reproduction chain link, is output in the utilization of resources Matter energy loss share.Agricultural wastes can be divided into: 1. farmland and orchard residue, as straw, stubble, weeds, fallen leaves, Fruit shell, tendril, branch and other refuses；2. domestic animal and poultry manure and hurdle circle wall to wall etc.；3. processing of farm products is given up Gurry；4. night soil and domestic refuse, the present invention selects the agricultural wastes after pulverizing, the granularity of agricultural wastes≤ 0.149 millimeter.

High viscous attapulgite clay is with attapulgite clay as raw material, through crushing, soak, adding, roll-in, dry, powder A kind of natural prodcuts that the technique such as broken prepares, have the good adhesion agent of viscosity higher, are mainly used in fine chemistry industry, building materials, stone The industries such as oiling work, agricultural, environmental protection, to improve quality and effect of product, the present invention selects the dynamic of high viscous attapulgite clay Power viscosity >=2200 mPa s, product quality needs to meet the standard of JC/T 2266-2014 attapulgite clay goods；This Granularity≤0.074 millimeter of the viscous attapulgite clay of height is selected in invention.

Bentonite is the aqueous clay pit based on montmorillonite, owing to it has special character, such as bloating tendency, bonding Property, adsorptivity, catalytic, thixotropy, suspension and cation commutativity, bentonite has stronger hygroscopicity and expansion Property, the water yield of adsorbable 8～15 times of own vols, volumetric expansion is up to several times to 30 times, and the present invention selects bentonitic grain Spend≤0.074 millimeter.

Powdery attapulgite foaming agent has that foaming capacity is strong, coefficient of foaming is high, unit volume bubble production volume is big, foam adventitia is tough Property the most broken, foam stability is good, can the most not froth breaking, foam hole size fine and smooth, that generate in medium uniformly, The advantages such as low and use medium the compatibility of bleeding quantity is good, the present invention selects granularity≤0.074 milli of powdery attapulgite foaming agent Rice.

Cenosphere outward appearance is canescence, is a kind of loose, powder body material of good fluidity, and cenosphere proportion is little, table Face is smooth, intensity greatly, easily disperse, the present invention selects granularity≤0.074 millimeter of cenosphere.

Perlite is expanded and becomes a kind of lightweight, multifunctional novel shaped material, have that apparent density is light, heat conductivity is low, The features such as chemical stability is good, the present invention selects granularity≤0.25 millimeter of expanded perlite.

Vermiculitum is after high-temperature roasting, and its volume energy expands rapidly several times to tens times, and the Vermiculitum after volumetric expansion is swollen Swollen Vermiculitum, is one of the lightest mineral, granularity≤0.149 millimeter of expanded vermiculite of the present invention.

Precipitated calcium carbonate is a kind of white powder, and odorlessness is tasteless, and precipitated calcium carbonate fine particles, surface are rougher, than Surface area is big, and the present invention selects granularity≤0.074 millimeter of precipitated calcium carbonate.

Anhydrous slufuric acid ferrous iron is white powder, and the ferrous sulfate containing water of crystallization is pale green crystals, the sulphuric acid of 10% aqueous solution Ferrous is acidity to Herba Cladoniae rangiferinae, and pH value is about 3.7, and in the present invention, ferrous sulfate presses bark lightweight through hole haydite for adjusting PH value.

Calx is also known as quick lime, and Calx has stronger alkalescence, at normal temperatures, and can be with the active silica of glassy state or work Property aluminium oxide reaction, generating has the product of the hydraulicity, produces cementing, granularity≤0.074 millimeter of quick lime of the present invention.

The technical scheme is that:

1, the dispensing of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is made up of following component by weight percentage: agricultural wastes 10～ 50%, high viscous attapulgite clay 5～25%, bentonite 0～25%, powdery attapulgite foaming agent 2～15%, cenosphere 1 ～it is 10%, expanded perlite 0.5～5%, expanded vermiculite 0.5～5%, precipitated calcium carbonate 1～5%, ferrous sulfate 0～5%, raw Calx 0～5% and water 5～35%.

2, the production method of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite: (1) the dispensing by agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is defeated Entering in the stirring mixer operated, stirring is mixed into the mixture of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite；(2) agricultural is given up The mixture of gurry lightweight through hole haydite is transported in Squeezinggranulator, and extruder grain is difform agricultural wastes lightweight Through hole haydite semi-finished product；(3), by agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product, it is transported in swinging drying oven dry, Drying temperature and control at 150～250 DEG C, drying time controlled at 1～4 hour；(4) the agricultural wastes lightweight after drying is led to Hole haydite semi-finished product are transported to swinging roasting kiln roasting, and the temperature of combustor controls at 900～950 DEG C, roasting time control System was at 1～3 hour；(5), by the agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after roasting, input is incubated in rustless steel cylinder storehouse, Temperature retention time controlled at 8～24 hours；(6) it is transported to shake by the agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after insulation cooling Dynamic sieve sieves, packs after screening as agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite finished product；(7) extruder grain is not similar shape The agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product of shape, refer to that extruder grain is spheroidal, cylinder respectively according to design needs Shape, quincuncial agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite in roasting process, the organic matter in agricultural wastes, cellulose, half fiber Element and lignin improve the heat of combustion-gas flow after burning, not only can save the energy, beneficially agricultural wastes lightweight through hole The inside of haydite can be grilled thoroughly completely, moreover it is possible to increases the nutritional labelings such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and trace element, improves agricultural wastes light Porosity within matter through hole haydite, to guarantee the quality of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

High viscous attapulgite clay has the dispersion of uniqueness, the good colloidal nature such as saline and alkaline high temperature resistant, anti-and higher Absorbability, and there is certain plasticity and cohesive force, the dynamic viscosity >=2200 mPa s of high viscous attapulgite clay, Adhesive force is good, beneficially the bonding between raw material, increases intensity and the absorbability of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Bentonite has special character, as bloating tendency, caking property, adsorptivity, catalytic, thixotropy, suspension and Bonding between cation commutativity, beneficially raw material, increases intensity and the absorbability of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Powdery attapulgite foaming agent is to use by filed in the present inventor on 05 26th, 2013 that " powdery attapulgite foams Agent ", Chinese patent Authorization Notice No. is: CN 103265213B, authorized announcement date: on 09 24th, 2014.

Powdery attapulgite foaming agent is when stirring is mixed into agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite mixture, it will produce one Quantitative bubble, is conducive to increasing agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite surface and internal porosity.

Cenosphere, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and precipitated calcium carbonate can reduce agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite Bulk density, increase porosity within agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Quick lime has stronger alkalescence, not only can regulate the pH value of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite, moreover it is possible to increase Add the intensity of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product moisture content after extruder grain is more than 30%, is delivered directly to revolution High-temperature roasting in formula roaster, in high-temperature calcination process, the surface of haydite semi-finished product first starts sintering curing, and the water of inside Steam is difficult to rapid evaporation out, and haydite semi-finished product will produce explosion, nor can grill thoroughly inside haydite semi-finished product.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product first are transported in swinging drying oven slowly dry by the present invention Dry, dry temperature and control at 150～250 DEG C, then the agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after drying are transported to back Rotatable roasting kiln roasting, the temperature of combustor controls at 900～950 DEG C, it can be ensured that grilled thoroughly by haydite in roasting process, Explosion will not be produced.

It is still up to more than 700 DEG C in temperature, by roasting in agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after roasting After agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product input rustless steel cylinder storehouse in be incubated, it is possible to use the waste heat of self, continue Continue and agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product are uniformly heated, not only can ensure that in agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite Portion grills thoroughly completely, moreover it is possible to play the effect of uniformly dispersing heat, improves the inherent quality of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

There is substantial amounts of micropore agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite surface and inside, are a kind of open pores, and open pore is not only The most through also communicating with the external world, the macropore at agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite center is a kind of through hole, is conducive in roasting During, it is possible to grill thoroughly inside haydite completely, and the effective ratio area of haydite, intensity and reduction bulk density can be increased.

The face shaping of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is designed as spheroidal, cylinder, the various shape such as quincunx, Be conducive to increasing agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite voidage each other and reducing agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite Bulk density.

There is the micropore being interconnected in a large number agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite surface and inside, and putting into will be rapid in water Sink under water, while sucking large quantity of moisture, the air in agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite internal capillary is displaced Come.

Although the water absorption rate of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is higher, even if during water absorption rate >=80%, agricultural wastes Lightweight through hole haydite surface is a kind of moistening state, and the most obvious water leaks out, and agricultural wastes lightweight is led to Hole haydite is packed together, and forms numerous spaces each other, and permeability is good, and agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is dry There is no dust under dry state, be immersed in all the year round in water and will not produce disintegrate yet.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite has that specific surface area is big, bulk density is little, water absorption rate is high, permeability is excellent More, appearance and modeling free from extraneous odour attractive in appearance, there is no that harmful levels of pathogens, lightweight intensity is good, feature that micropore and macropore are integrated.

Normal growth in order to ensure plant is grown, and water, the fertilizer of liquid or inorganic fertilizer are sprayed at agricultural wastes In lightweight through hole haydite, it is also possible to agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is immersed in the solution of water, fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer, Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite absorbs after storing a certain amount of water or liquid fertilizer and takes out, and is used for cultivating or plant each seedling When wood, flowers and plants and vegetable, the root of plant will absorb water or the nutrition of liquid fertilizer from agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite Composition, it is ensured that growth and development of plants is good, survival rate is high and the life-span is longer, and can greatly reduce the number of times of moisturizing.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is applicable to prepare soilless culture substrate and Nutrition Soil.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is spheroidal agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite schematic diagram, and Fig. 2 is spheroidal agricultural wastes lightweight through hole Haydite A-A profile；Fig. 3 is cylindrical agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite schematic diagram, and Fig. 4 is that cylindrical agricultural wastes are light Matter through hole haydite B-B profile；Fig. 5 is quincunx agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite schematic diagram, and Fig. 6 is that quincunx agricultural is given up Gurry lightweight through hole haydite C-C profile.

As shown in the figure: 1 is the through hole of spheroidal agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite, 2 is that cylindrical agricultural wastes are light The through hole of matter through hole haydite, 3 is the through hole of quincunx agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:

1, the dispensing of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is made up of following component by weight percentage: agricultural wastes 35%, High viscous attapulgite clay 16%, bentonite 8%, powdery attapulgite foaming agent 6%, cenosphere 4%, expanded perlite 1%, Expanded vermiculite 1%, precipitated calcium carbonate 2%, ferrous sulfate 0%, quick lime 3% and water 24%.

2, the production method of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite: (1) the dispensing by agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is defeated Entering in the stirring mixer operated, stirring is mixed into the mixture of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite；(2) agricultural is given up The mixture of gurry lightweight through hole haydite is transported in Squeezinggranulator, and extruder grain is difform agricultural wastes lightweight Through hole haydite semi-finished product；(3), by agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product, it is transported in swinging drying oven dry, Drying temperature and control at 200～220 DEG C, drying time controlled at 2 hours；(4) the agricultural wastes lightweight through hole pottery after drying Grain semi-finished product are transported to swinging roasting kiln roasting, and the temperature of combustor controls at 940～950 DEG C, and roasting time controls 1 Hour；(5), by the agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after roasting, input is incubated in rustless steel cylinder storehouse, temperature retention time Control at 16 hours；(6) it is transported in vibrosieve sieve by the agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after insulation cooling Point, pack after screening as agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite finished product；(7) extruder grain is difform agriculture waste Thing lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product, refer to that extruder grain is quincunx agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite according to design needs Semi-finished product.

Quincunx agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite average bulk density is 720kg/m, and water absorption rate is 86%.

Claims (3)

1. an agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite, it is characterised in that the dispensing of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is by weight Amount percentage ratio is made up of following component: agricultural wastes 10～50%, high viscous attapulgite clay 5～25%, bentonite 0～ 25%, powdery attapulgite foaming agent 2～15%, cenosphere 1～10%, expanded perlite 0.5～5%, expanded vermiculite 0.5～ 5%, precipitated calcium carbonate 1～5%, ferrous sulfate 0～5%, quick lime 0～5% and water 5～35%.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the granularity of agricultural wastes≤ 0.149 millimeter, granularity≤0.074 millimeter of high viscous attapulgite clay, bentonitic granularity≤0.074 millimeter, powdery is concavo-convex Granularity≤0.074 millimeter of rod foaming agent, granularity≤0.074 millimeter of cenosphere, granularity≤0.25 milli of expanded perlite Rice, granularity≤0.149 millimeter of expanded vermiculite, granularity≤0.074 millimeter of precipitated calcium carbonate, granularity≤0.074 of quick lime Millimeter.

Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that agricultural wastes lightweight through hole The production method of haydite: (1) the dispensing of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is inputted in the stirring mixer operated, stir Mix the mixture being mixed into agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite；(2) the mixture of agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite is carried In Squeezinggranulator, extruder grain is difform agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product；(3) by agriculture waste Thing lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product, are transported in swinging drying oven dry, and dry temperature and control at 150～250 DEG C, dry The dry time controlled at 1～4 hour；(4) the agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after drying are transported to swinging roasting Kiln roasting, the temperature of combustor controls at 900～950 DEG C, and roasting time controlled at 1～3 hour；(5) by the agricultural after roasting Garbage lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product, input is incubated in rustless steel cylinder storehouse, and temperature retention time controlled at 8～24 hours；(6) will Agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite semi-finished product after insulation cooling are transported in vibrosieve sieve, and pack after screening For agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite finished product；(7) extruder grain is that difform agricultural wastes lightweight through hole haydite half becomes Product, refer to according to design needs, and extruder grain is spheroidal, cylinder, quincuncial agricultural wastes lightweight through hole pottery respectively Grain semi-finished product.