CN106082968A - 一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品 - Google Patents
一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品，由以下重量份的原料制备制成：硼砂2‑3、膨润土10‑14、锡粉3‑4、方解石粉10‑13、玉石粉15‑17、瓷石18‑23、聚乙烯醇3‑4、甲壳素4‑6、香草醛3‑4、活性炭5‑6、滑石粉6‑8、粉煤灰40‑45、白釉球35‑40、废玻璃6‑8、麦饭石10‑14、绿茶21‑25、橙子皮14‑17、贝壳粉6‑8、虾壳粉4‑6、聚乙烯醇0.2‑0.3、磷酸三丁酯0.2‑0.3、去离子水适量；本发明的陶瓷的烧成温度比传统陶瓷烧成温度低,釉面强度高，表面光滑，大幅度降低了陶瓷生产能耗,变废为宝，大大提高了粉煤灰的资源化利用，为节能减排做出贡献。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日用陶瓷技术领域，尤其涉及一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品。
背景技术
我国不仅矿产资源丰富，同时也是世界上最大的煤炭生产国和煤炭消费国，近年来，我国火力发电发展迅速，其中大多数以煤炭为燃料，发电量达1.3亿kW•h，火力发电所占比例达到了79.6%，由此导致粉煤灰排放量逐年增加。2010年底，排放量达到近3亿吨，大量粉煤灰的排放收到了越来越广泛的关注。我国自1987年开始就对如何利用粉煤灰作为资源综合利用的突破口，对其进行综合利用，成为经济和社会发展的一项长远方针。废玻璃类物质其化学稳定性极强，不腐烂、不燃烧、不能降解，大量的废玻璃既占地，又污染环境，回收和利用是节约能源、保护环境的最佳途径，而且具有很好的经济性，玻璃的主要成分是二氧化硅，能够促进陶瓷的烧结。在陶瓷生产中，烧成温度越高，烧成时间越长，能耗就越高，据热平衡计算，烧成温度每降低100℃，则单位产品热耗可降低10%以上，烧成时间每缩短10%，则产量增加10%，热耗降低4%，所以降低烧成温度和时间具有显著的节能减排社会意义。
近20年来，陶瓷行业进入了日新月异的发展阶段，新技术、新设备的大量使用，陶瓷产量也有较大幅度增长。新型陶瓷作为一种新材料，以其优异的性能在材料领域独树一帜，受到人们的高度重视。日用陶瓷作为传统陶瓷材料在材料领域占有重要的地位，因为它涉及到人们生活的方方面面，日用陶瓷的发展随着人们生活水平的提高提出了更多的要求，其中抗菌是目前提出最普遍的要求。由于瓷器的大量需求，瓷土资源的大量开采正以惊人的速度减少，并且是不可再生资源，如果找不到替代资源，人们有可能以后会面临无资源可采的尴尬局面。杨玉卫等人在《利用粉煤灰等工业废料制备日用陶瓷的研究》一文中指出，利用火电厂排放的粉煤灰、陶瓷工业产生的大量废匣钵、废瓷粉利用正交试验设计配方，研制出清洁生产日用陶瓷的配方，其中粉煤灰、废匣钵、废瓷粉的含量分别是10%、10%、8%，应用此技术可以为企业带来可观的经济效益，为粉煤灰的资源化利用找到出口，虽然提高了社会效益和经济效益，但是很多性能没有达到人们的要求，例如抗菌、抗高温、抗冻等性能不高、使用寿命不长的缺点。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品，由以下重量份的原料制备制成：硼砂2-3、膨润土10-14、锡粉3-4、方解石粉10-13、玉石粉15-17、瓷石18-23、聚乙烯醇3-4、甲壳素4-6、香草醛3-4、活性炭5-6、滑石粉6-8、粉煤灰40-45、白釉球35-40、废玻璃6-8、麦饭石10-14、绿茶21-25、橙子皮14-17、贝壳粉6-8、虾壳粉4-6、聚乙烯醇0.2-0.3、磷酸三丁酯0.2-0.3、去离子水适量。
所述一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
(1)将聚乙烯醇、甲壳素和40-50倍量的去离子水混合，加热搅拌形成糊状物，再加入香草醛、活性炭、滑石粉继续搅拌，磨匀得到复合抗菌剂，真空脱泡后干燥备用；
（2）将麦饭石洗净烘干后磨成细粉，将绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉混合加到75%的乙醇溶液中，在50-60℃时煎煮20-30min，继续升温至90-100℃时煎煮10-20min，冷却至室温后进行离心分离，取其上清液浓缩后和聚乙烯醇、麦饭石粉、磷酸三丁酯球磨30-40min，结束后一边用直流电动搅拌机对浆料不断搅拌，一边喷雾干燥制成纳米麦饭石微球备用；
（3）将废玻璃清洗干净后烘干进行破碎，然后加到胶体磨中研磨过100-200目筛，将玻璃粉与硼砂、膨润土、玉石粉、瓷石混合得到干物料，加入占干物料总质量40-50%的去离子水，经过球磨粉碎得到过300-400目的浆料；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的浆料用磁选机进行磁选除铁，使浆料中铁的含量≤0.2%，将浆料加到成型机中干燥成型得到坯体，将坯体放入炉内温度为100-200℃的烧结炉中，在1230-1280℃温度下进行煅烧5-7h，冷却至常温后打磨刨光备用；
（5）将白釉球、方解石粉、锡粉和步骤（1）得到的抗菌剂混合，加到球磨机中进行湿法球磨，加入物料总重量45-55%的去离子水，将球磨后的釉浆分别过200目、300目筛，去除杂质及粗颗粒，得到细釉浆，将釉浆施釉于步骤（4）制备的素坯上，在1160-1260℃下烧结4-5h；
（6）将步骤（2）制备的纳米麦饭石微球和磷酸氢铝粘结剂按照2-3:1比例混合，涂敷在步骤（5）制备的陶瓷表面，经阴干后在120-140℃下恒温2h即可得到。
本发明的优点是：本发明利用废弃资源粉煤灰作为陶瓷原料，降低了对环境的污染，并且其中氧化硅、氧化铝含量较高，颗粒比表面积大呈多孔结构，容易研磨，可以降低制品的烧成温度，达到节能的目的，废弃的玻璃在与粉煤灰烧结过程中，在低温下熔融，形成玻璃相，起到结合剂的作用，降低了烧成温度，并且提高了陶瓷表面光滑、抗冻、易清洁、抗冲击等方面的性能，将合成的抗菌剂和釉料混合施釉在陶瓷素坯表面，提高了陶瓷的抗菌性能，降低了人类患病的危险系数，并且采用绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉煎煮提取出微量元素用麦饭石包覆形成纳米麦饭石微球，利用粘结剂粘结在陶瓷表面，通过长期受热可溶出多种对人体有益的微量元素，为人们的机体提供营养，强身健体，调节新陈代谢，对人体大有益处，本发明的陶瓷的烧成温度比传统陶瓷烧成温度低,釉面强度高，表面光滑，大幅度降低了陶瓷生产能耗,变废为宝，大大提高了粉煤灰的资源化利用，为节能减排做出贡献。
具体实施方式
一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品，由以下重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：硼砂2、膨润土10、锡粉3、方解石粉10、玉石粉15、瓷石18、聚乙烯醇3、甲壳素4、香草醛3、活性炭5、滑石粉6、粉煤灰40、白釉球35、废玻璃6、麦饭石10、绿茶21、橙子皮14、贝壳粉6、虾壳粉4、聚乙烯醇0.2、磷酸三丁酯0.2、去离子水适量。
所述一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
(1)将聚乙烯醇、甲壳素和40倍量的去离子水混合，加热搅拌形成糊状物，再加入香草醛、活性炭、滑石粉继续搅拌，磨匀得到复合抗菌剂，真空脱泡后干燥备用；
（2）将麦饭石洗净烘干后磨成细粉，将绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉混合加到75%的乙醇溶液中，在50℃时煎煮20min，继续升温至90℃时煎煮10min，冷却至室温后进行离心分离，取其上清液浓缩后和聚乙烯醇、麦饭石粉、磷酸三丁酯球磨30min，结束后一边用直流电动搅拌机对浆料不断搅拌，一边喷雾干燥制成纳米麦饭石微球备用；
（3）将废玻璃清洗干净后烘干进行破碎，然后加到胶体磨中研磨过100目筛，将玻璃粉与硼砂、膨润土、玉石粉、瓷石混合得到干物料，加入占干物料总质量40%的去离子水，经过球磨粉碎得到过300目的浆料；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的浆料用磁选机进行磁选除铁，使浆料中铁的含量≤0.2%，将浆料加到成型机中干燥成型得到坯体，将坯体放入炉内温度为100℃的烧结炉中，在1230℃温度下进行煅烧5h，冷却至常温后打磨刨光备用；
（5）将白釉球、方解石粉、锡粉和步骤（1）得到的抗菌剂混合，加到球磨机中进行湿法球磨，加入物料总重量45%的去离子水，将球磨后的釉浆分别过200目、300目筛，去除杂质及粗颗粒，得到细釉浆，将釉浆施釉于步骤（4）制备的素坯上，在1160℃下烧结4h；
（6）将步骤（2）制备的纳米麦饭石微球和磷酸氢铝粘结剂按照2:1比例混合，涂敷在步骤（5）制备的陶瓷表面，经阴干后在120℃下恒温2h即可得到。
试验数据：
产品外观规整，釉面平整；抗热震性试验达到200℃投入20℃水中热交换一次不裂；机械强度≥138mp2；釉面维氏显微硬度≥6.2GPa；太阳光下1小时的杀菌效率≥74%；抗冲击强度≥1.3J/cm2。
Claims (2)
1.一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备制成：硼砂2-3、膨润土10-14、锡粉3-4、方解石粉10-13、玉石粉15-17、瓷石18-23、聚乙烯醇3-4、甲壳素4-6、香草醛3-4、活性炭5-6、滑石粉6-8、粉煤灰40-45、白釉球35-40、废玻璃6-8、麦饭石10-14、绿茶21-25、橙子皮14-17、贝壳粉6-8、虾壳粉4-6、聚乙烯醇0.2-0.3、磷酸三丁酯0.2-0.3、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品，其特征在于，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
(1)将聚乙烯醇、甲壳素和40-50倍量的去离子水混合，加热搅拌形成糊状物，再加入香草醛、活性炭、滑石粉继续搅拌，磨匀得到复合抗菌剂，真空脱泡后干燥备用；
（2）将麦饭石洗净烘干后磨成细粉，将绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉混合加到75%的乙醇溶液中，在50-60℃时煎煮20-30min，继续升温至90-100℃时煎煮10-20min，冷却至室温后进行离心分离，取其上清液浓缩后和聚乙烯醇、麦饭石粉、磷酸三丁酯球磨30-40min，结束后一边用直流电动搅拌机对浆料不断搅拌，一边喷雾干燥制成纳米麦饭石微球备用；
（3）将废玻璃清洗干净后烘干进行破碎，然后加到胶体磨中研磨过100-200目筛，将玻璃粉与硼砂、膨润土、玉石粉、瓷石混合得到干物料，加入占干物料总质量40-50%的去离子水，经过球磨粉碎得到过300-400目的浆料；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的浆料用磁选机进行磁选除铁，使浆料中铁的含量≤0.2%，将浆料加到成型机中干燥成型得到坯体，将坯体放入炉内温度为100-200℃的烧结炉中，在1230-1280℃温度下进行煅烧5-7h，冷却至常温后打磨刨光备用；
（5）将白釉球、方解石粉、锡粉和步骤（1）得到的抗菌剂混合，加到球磨机中进行湿法球磨，加入物料总重量45-55%的去离子水，将球磨后的釉浆分别过200目、300目筛，去除杂质及粗颗粒，得到细釉浆，将釉浆施釉于步骤（4）制备的素坯上，在1160-1260℃下烧结4-5h；
（6）将步骤（2）制备的纳米麦饭石微球和磷酸氢铝粘结剂按照2-3:1比例混合，涂敷在步骤（5）制备的陶瓷表面，经阴干后在120-140℃下恒温2h即可得到。
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| CN110510878A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-11-29 | 山东健能陶瓷科技有限公司 | 具有抗菌功能的陶瓷釉料及其制备方法和陶瓷 |
| CN111646700A (zh) * | 2017-07-07 | 2020-09-11 | 福建省德化县联达陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粉煤灰基抗菌釉粉 |
| CN119591411A (zh) * | 2024-12-06 | 2025-03-11 | 广东国研新材料有限公司 | 氮化硅陶瓷基片及其制备方法、流延浆料的制备方法 |
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| CN1038445A (zh) * | 1988-06-11 | 1990-01-03 | 山东大学 | 麦饭石水容器内壁敷料制备及其烧成工艺 |
| CN102875105A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-01-16 | 青岛保利康新材料有限公司 | 一种环保型建筑材料 |
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| CN1038445A (zh) * | 1988-06-11 | 1990-01-03 | 山东大学 | 麦饭石水容器内壁敷料制备及其烧成工艺 |
| CN102875105A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-01-16 | 青岛保利康新材料有限公司 | 一种环保型建筑材料 |
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| CN111646700A (zh) * | 2017-07-07 | 2020-09-11 | 福建省德化县联达陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粉煤灰基抗菌釉粉 |
| CN111646700B (zh) * | 2017-07-07 | 2022-05-13 | 福建省德化县联达陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粉煤灰基抗菌釉粉 |
| CN110510878A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-11-29 | 山东健能陶瓷科技有限公司 | 具有抗菌功能的陶瓷釉料及其制备方法和陶瓷 |
| CN119591411A (zh) * | 2024-12-06 | 2025-03-11 | 广东国研新材料有限公司 | 氮化硅陶瓷基片及其制备方法、流延浆料的制备方法 |
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