CN106073918A - A kind of method of 3D printing and making tooth mould mould - Google Patents
A kind of method of 3D printing and making tooth mould mould Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004851 dental resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000004513 dentition Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000005548 dental material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010017 direct printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C11/00—Dental articulators, i.e. for simulating movement of the temporo-mandibular joints; Articulation forms or mouldings
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种3D打印制作牙模模具的方法，该方法根据患者牙齿Dicom格式CT扫描断层数据，经3D计算建立牙齿的三维模型，而后经过处理获得牙模模具的三维模型，并以适当格式输出到3D打印机经打印得到患者的牙模模具。利用所得模具灌注石膏、造牙树脂、陶瓷粉等材料可获得患者牙齿的石膏模型以及口腔医学上可临床使用的全口或单/多颗树脂或陶瓷义齿等。本发明利用3D打印制作牙模模具代替传统的取印模方法，大大地减少患者的不适感、降低传统取模操作中的各种失败现象，另外，计算机辅助设计在增强了牙齿模型、假牙等齿科产品可设计性的同时，有效地减少了传统齿科产品制作品质对操作员熟练程度的依赖，临床实用性强且成本低，易于推广。The invention discloses a method for making a dental mold by 3D printing. According to the CT scanning tomographic data of the patient's tooth in Dicom format, the method establishes a three-dimensional model of the tooth through 3D calculation, and then obtains the three-dimensional model of the dental mold through processing, and uses appropriate The format is output to the 3D printer to obtain the patient's dental model mold through printing. The plaster model of the patient's teeth and the full mouth or single/multiple resin or ceramic dentures that can be used clinically in stomatology can be obtained by pouring gypsum, dental resin, ceramic powder and other materials into the obtained mold. The present invention uses 3D printing to make dental molds instead of the traditional method of taking impressions, which greatly reduces the patient's discomfort and reduces various failures in traditional taking operations. In addition, computer-aided design enhances dental models, dentures, etc. The designability of dental products effectively reduces the dependence of the production quality of traditional dental products on the proficiency of operators. It has strong clinical practicability and low cost, and is easy to promote.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种3D打印制作牙模模具的方法。The invention relates to a method for making dental molds by 3D printing.
背景技术Background technique
牙齿是人体不可缺少的器官之一, 承担着咀嚼、消化、发音和美观等功能。一副雪白亮丽的牙齿令人充满自信，但现代人因疾病、运动创伤或先天发育等令牙齿提早出现缺裂、崩损、缺失、畸形等，需就医进行牙齿的各项修复。临床上，牙齿修复的首要步骤是制作患者牙列模型。传统的方法是首先利用牙模技术制作病人的口腔印模，再由专业技术人员制作石膏模型。在此过程中，患者的体位、咬合力度、托盘大小形状等均会对口腔印模造成影响，而后续的灌模、修正模型等工序经常会由于专业技术人员熟练程度或操作不当等原因使得制备的石膏模型与实际情况有误差，从而对最终的义齿或正畸等修复结果造成严重影响；同时，患者在制取口腔印模时经常会发生比较严重的呕吐现象，使得操作失败。因此，临床上迫切需求一种能快速、准确而又有效地制作患者牙列模型的方法。Teeth are one of the indispensable organs of the human body, responsible for chewing, digestion, pronunciation and aesthetics. A pair of white and bright teeth is full of confidence, but modern people have premature tooth cracks, collapse, loss, deformity, etc. due to diseases, sports trauma, or congenital development. Clinically, the first step in tooth restoration is to make a model of the patient's dentition. The traditional method is to first utilize the dental model technology to make the patient's oral impression, and then make the plaster model by professional technicians. During this process, the patient's position, occlusal strength, tray size and shape, etc. will all affect the oral impression, and the subsequent procedures such as filling the mold and correcting the model are often due to the proficiency of professional technicians or improper operation. There are errors between the plaster model and the actual situation, which will have a serious impact on the final denture or orthodontic restoration results; at the same time, patients often experience severe vomiting when making oral impressions, which makes the operation fail. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for making a patient's dentition model quickly, accurately and effectively.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种3D打印制作牙模模具的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for making a dental mold by 3D printing.
本发明利用CT三维重建、计算机三维建模和3D打印等数字技术，提供一种根据患者上下颌牙列CT扫描数据，运用计算机辅助3D建模技术构筑三维模型，最后利用3D打印技术快速制作患者个性化牙列模具的方法。该方法所得模具可用于患者牙齿石膏模型以及临床可应用的全口或单/多颗树脂或陶瓷义齿制作等。本发明所述的方法利用3D打印制作牙模模具代替传统的取印模方法，无需患者咬合制作口腔印模，因此，大大地减少患者的不适感、降低传统取模操作中的各种失败现象；另外，计算机辅助设计不仅增强了牙齿模型、假牙等齿科产品可设计性和快速、精确制造能力，而且有效地减少了传统齿科产品制作品质对操作员熟练程度的依赖；同时，相对于利用3D打印技术直接制作义齿，该方法通过替代传统取印模方法与传统口腔医学技术有机结合，由于与现有齿科材料兼容，因此临床实用性强、成本低，易于推广。The present invention utilizes digital technologies such as CT three-dimensional reconstruction, computer three-dimensional modeling, and 3D printing to provide a three-dimensional model based on CT scan data of the patient's upper and lower jaw dentition, using computer-aided 3D modeling technology, and finally using 3D printing technology to quickly make the patient's Ways to personalize dentition molds. The mold obtained by the method can be used for the plaster model of the patient's teeth and the manufacture of clinically applicable full mouth or single/multiple resin or ceramic dentures. The method of the present invention uses 3D printing to make a dental mold instead of the traditional method of taking an impression, and does not require the patient to occlude to make an oral impression. Therefore, the discomfort of the patient is greatly reduced, and various failures in the traditional impression-taking operation are reduced. ; In addition, computer-aided design not only enhances the designability and rapid and accurate manufacturing capabilities of dental products such as tooth models and dentures, but also effectively reduces the dependence of the production quality of traditional dental products on the proficiency of operators; at the same time, compared with Using 3D printing technology to directly make dentures, this method is organically combined with traditional stomatology technology by replacing traditional impression taking methods. Because it is compatible with existing dental materials, it has strong clinical practicability, low cost, and is easy to promote.
一种3D打印制作牙模模具的方法，其特征在于具体步骤如下：A kind of 3D printing makes the method for dental model mould, is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1）获取患者牙齿Dicom格式CT扫描断层数据；1) Obtain the CT scan tomographic data of the patient's teeth in Dicom format;
2）应用3D计算建立牙齿的三维模型；2) Apply 3D computing to establish a three-dimensional model of teeth;
3）对步骤2）所建立的牙齿三维模型进行编辑处理获得牙模模具的三维模型；3) Editing the three-dimensional model of the teeth established in step 2) to obtain a three-dimensional model of the dental mold;
4）将步骤3）所得牙模模具的三维模型输出到3D打印机制作实体牙模模具。4) Output the three-dimensional model of the dental mold obtained in step 3) to a 3D printer to make a solid dental mold.
步骤1）所述获取患者牙齿Dicom格式CT扫描断层数据是利用CT机对患者口腔的上下颌牙部分进行连续断层扫描获得其Dicom医学数字图像标准数据。Step 1) The acquisition of the CT scan tomographic data of the patient's teeth in Dicom format is to use a CT machine to perform continuous tomographic scanning of the upper and lower teeth of the patient's oral cavity to obtain the Dicom medical digital image standard data.
所述CT机扫描参数包括扫描层厚、曝光时间和电压。The scanning parameters of the CT machine include scanning layer thickness, exposure time and voltage.
步骤2）所述应用3D计算建立牙齿的三维模型是将Dicom格式断层数据输入Mimics10.01软件，经包括图像定位、阈值分割、动态分割、每层图像经选择性编辑和漏洞处理、去除冗余数据、平滑处理的3D计算处理，建立包含上下牙颌的牙齿三维模型。Step 2) The application of 3D calculation to establish a three-dimensional model of teeth is to input the tomographic data in Dicom format into Mimics10.01 software, including image positioning, threshold segmentation, dynamic segmentation, selective editing and vulnerability processing of each layer of images, and removal of redundancy 3D computing processing of data and smoothing to establish a 3D model of the teeth including the upper and lower jaws.
步骤3）所述对步骤2）所建立的牙齿三维模型进行编辑处理获得牙模模具的三维模型是采用Geomagic Studio 12.0软件对患者上下颌牙进行三维重建、编辑和抽壳处理，最后获取牙模模具三维模型。Step 3) Edit the 3D model of the teeth established in step 2) to obtain the 3D model of the dental model. The 3D model of the patient’s upper and lower jaw teeth is reconstructed, edited and shelled using Geomagic Studio 12.0 software, and finally the dental model is obtained. 3D model of the mold.
步骤4）所述将步骤3）所得牙模模具的三维模型输出到3D打印机制作实体牙模模具是将三维模型以STL文件格式或根据3D打印机要求的文件格式输出到3D打印机，通过调整3D打印时的参数制作实体牙模模具。Step 4) Output the three-dimensional model of the dental mold obtained in step 3) to a 3D printer to make a solid dental mold. The three-dimensional model is output to the 3D printer in STL file format or according to the file format required by the 3D printer. By adjusting the 3D printing The parameters at the time are used to make a solid dental mold.
所述3D打印时的参数包括层厚、打印速率和打印路径。The parameters during 3D printing include layer thickness, printing speed and printing path.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1）本发明在患者的临床取模过程中采用全数字化操作，无需咬合取模，可以避免患者因取模引起的不适感。1) The present invention adopts all-digital operation in the process of taking clinical impressions of patients, without occlusal impressions, which can avoid the patient's discomfort caused by taking impressions.
2）本发明在构建数字模型时，可以根据不同患者的CT数据进行个性化模型的设计，具有可设计性，特别适用于正畸、义齿制作等。2) When constructing digital models, the present invention can design personalized models according to CT data of different patients, which has designability and is especially suitable for orthodontics and denture production.
3）本方法借助3D打印技术，具有快速成型的特点，大大缩短了牙模的制备时间。3) With the help of 3D printing technology, this method has the characteristics of rapid prototyping, which greatly shortens the preparation time of dental molds.
4）本发明通过数字化3D打印技术替代传统取印模方法与传统口腔医学技术相结合，由于与现有齿科材料兼容因而可直接用于临床义齿制作等，相对于利用3D打印技术直接打印制作义齿，其成本低、临床实用性强，易于推广，具有显著的社会和临床效益。4) The present invention replaces the traditional impression-taking method with digital 3D printing technology and combines it with traditional stomatology technology. Because it is compatible with existing dental materials, it can be directly used in the production of clinical dentures. Compared with the direct printing and production of 3D printing technology Dentures are low in cost, strong in clinical practicability, easy to promote, and have significant social and clinical benefits.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了更好的理解本发明，通过以下实施例进行说明。In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are used for illustration.
实施例1Example 1
3D打印制作全口牙模模具用于制作上下牙列石膏模型。3D printing to make a full-mouth dental mold mold is used to make a plaster model of the upper and lower dentition.
3D打印牙模模具步骤如下：1）采用CT 机对患者口腔体进行连续断层扫描，扫描参数：扫描层厚为0.25mm，曝光时间14.7s，电压为120kV，获得其Dicom医学数字图像标准数据；2）将CT扫描的断层数据以Dicom格式导出，输入Mimics10.01软件，首先定位至牙齿部分，通过阈值分割、删除牙齿与其它骨骼连接处、区域增长等，选中目标牙齿，然后，每层图像经选择性编辑、去除伪影、平滑处理和填补漏洞处理等，去除冗余数据，保留有效数据，最后经3D处理建立包含上下牙颌结构的三维模型以STL格式输出；3）利用Geomagic Studio12.0软件，选中牙齿三维模型外表面，删除模型内部多余三角网格，然后，处理STL文件的错误，生成一个封闭的内部无孔洞的牙齿三维模型，接下来，对模型进行编辑、光滑处理，生成形态完整、表面无异常的牙齿三维模型，最后去除模型顶盖、抽壳，得到牙模模具的三维模型；4）输出牙模模具三维模型STL格式文件到Makerbot Replicator II 3D打印机，设置层厚0.1mm进行切片处理，然后利用通用的PLA材料制作得到上下牙列模具。The steps of 3D printing dental mold are as follows: 1) Use CT machine to conduct continuous tomographic scanning of the patient's oral cavity. Scanning parameters: scanning layer thickness is 0.25mm, exposure time is 14.7s, voltage is 120kV, and the standard data of Dicom medical digital images are obtained; 2) Export the tomographic data of the CT scan in Dicom format, input it into the Mimics10.01 software, first locate the tooth part, select the target tooth through threshold segmentation, delete the connection between the tooth and other bones, and grow the region, and then, each layer of the image After selective editing, removal of artifacts, smoothing, and filling of holes, redundant data was removed, valid data was retained, and finally a 3D model including upper and lower jaw structures was established through 3D processing and output in STL format; 3) Geomagic Studio12. 0 software, select the outer surface of the 3D model of the tooth, delete the redundant triangular meshes inside the model, and then deal with the errors in the STL file to generate a closed 3D model of the tooth without holes inside, and then edit and smooth the model to generate The 3D model of the tooth with complete shape and no abnormal surface, and finally remove the top cover of the model and extract the shell to obtain the 3D model of the dental mold; 4) Output the 3D model of the dental mold in STL format to the Makerbot Replicator II 3D printer, set the layer thickness to 0.1 mm for slicing, and then the upper and lower dentition molds are made with general-purpose PLA materials.
牙列石膏模型制作：调拌石膏，并将其灌注在上述3D打印所得模具中，硬化后即可获得牙列石膏模型。模具可以反复灌注，制作多个廉价石膏牙模供医生使用。Dental gypsum model production: mix gypsum and pour it into the above-mentioned 3D printed mold. After hardening, the dentition gypsum model can be obtained. The mold can be poured repeatedly to make multiple cheap plaster dental models for doctors to use.
实施例2Example 2
3D打印制作全口牙模模具用于制作全口树脂假牙。3D printing to make a full-mouth dental mold is used to make full-mouth resin dentures.
3D打印牙模模具步骤如下：1）采用CT 机对患者口腔体进行连续断层扫描，扫描参数：扫描层厚为0.25mm，曝光时间14.7s，电压为120kV，获得其Dicom医学数字图像标准数据；2）将CT扫描的断层数据以Dicom格式导出，输入Mimics10.01软件，首先定位至牙颌部分，通过阈值分割、区域增长等方法，选中目标牙颌，然后，每层图像经选择性编辑、去除伪影、平滑处理和填补漏洞处理等，去除冗余数据，保留有效数据，最后经3D处理建立上下牙颌的三维模型以STL格式输出；3）利用Geomagic Studio 12.0软件，选中牙颌三维模型外表面，删除模型内部多余三角网格，然后，处理STL文件的错误，生成一个封闭的内部无孔洞的牙颌三维模型，并对模型进行编辑、光滑处理，生成形态完整、表面无异常的牙颌三维模型，接下来，导入符合该患者年龄段的标准牙齿模型（注：如果该患者之前存储过自己的牙齿模型，则导入患者自己的牙齿模型），在构建好的牙颌上进行数字化的排牙工作，紧接着进行合并操作，最后去除模型顶盖、抽壳，得到全口假牙模具的三维模型；4）输出假牙模具三维模型STL格式文件到Makerbot Replicator II 3D打印机，设置层厚0.1mm进行切片处理，然后利用通用的PLA材料制作得到全口假牙模具。The steps of 3D printing dental mold are as follows: 1) Use CT machine to conduct continuous tomographic scanning of the patient's oral cavity. Scanning parameters: scanning layer thickness is 0.25mm, exposure time is 14.7s, voltage is 120kV, and the standard data of Dicom medical digital images are obtained; 2) Export the tomographic data of the CT scan in Dicom format, input it into Mimics10.01 software, first locate the dental part, select the target dental jaw through threshold segmentation, region growth and other methods, and then select the image of each layer through selective editing, Remove artifacts, smooth processing, and fill in holes, etc., remove redundant data, retain valid data, and finally establish a 3D model of the upper and lower jaws through 3D processing and output them in STL format; 3) Use Geomagic Studio 12.0 software to select the 3D model of the jaw On the outer surface, delete the redundant triangular meshes inside the model, and then deal with the errors in the STL file to generate a closed 3D model of the tooth and jaw without holes inside, and edit and smooth the model to generate a tooth with complete shape and no abnormal surface The three-dimensional model of the jaw, next, import the standard tooth model that meets the patient's age group (note: if the patient has stored his own tooth model before, import the patient's own tooth model), and carry out digitalization on the constructed dental jaw Arranging teeth, followed by merging operations, and finally removing the top cover of the model and extracting the shell to obtain the 3D model of the full denture mold; 4) Output the 3D model of the denture mold in STL format to the Makerbot Replicator II 3D printer, setting the layer thickness to 0.1mm Carry out slicing processing, and then use general-purpose PLA material to make full mouth denture mold.
全口树脂假牙制作：选择上齿厂造牙树脂II型，调合至面团期，将其灌注在上述3D打印所得的假牙模具中的牙齿部分，然后在其上再灌注上齿厂牙托树脂，固化成型后取出可得全口树脂假牙。Manufacture of full mouth resin dentures: Select the dental resin type II of Shangzhi Factory, mix it to the dough stage, pour it into the teeth part of the denture mold obtained by the above 3D printing, and then pour the resin of Shangzhi Factory’s tray on it , After curing and molding, take out the full mouth resin dentures.
实施例3Example 3
3D打印制作单颗牙模模具用于制作树脂假牙。3D printing makes a single tooth mold for making resin dentures.
3D打印牙模模具步骤如下：1）采用CT 机对患者口腔体进行连续断层扫描，扫描参数：扫描层厚为0.25mm，曝光时间14.7s，电压为120kV，获得其Dicom医学数字图像标准数据；2）将CT扫描的断层数据以Dicom格式导出，输入Mimics10.01软件，首先定位至牙齿部分，通过阈值分割、删除牙齿与其它骨骼连接处、区域增长等，选中目标缺损牙齿两侧牙齿，然后，每层图像经选择性编辑、去除伪影、平滑处理和填补漏洞处理等，去除冗余数据，保留有效数据，最后经3D处理设计并建立损牙齿的三维模型以STL格式输出；3）利用GeomagicStudio 12.0软件，选中牙齿三维模型外表面，删除模型内部多余三角网格，然后，处理STL文件的错误，生成一个封闭的内部无孔洞的牙齿三维模型，接下来，对模型进行编辑、光滑处理，生成形态完整、表面无异常的牙齿三维模型，最后去除模型顶盖、抽壳，得到牙模模具的三维模型；4）输出牙模模具三维模型STL格式文件到Asiga Plus 27 3D打印机，设置层厚0.05mm进行切片处理，然后采用通用光敏墨水材料制作得到单颗牙模模具。The steps of 3D printing dental mold are as follows: 1) Use CT machine to conduct continuous tomographic scanning of the patient's oral cavity. Scanning parameters: scanning layer thickness is 0.25mm, exposure time is 14.7s, voltage is 120kV, and the standard data of Dicom medical digital images are obtained; 2) Export the tomographic data of the CT scan in Dicom format, input it into the Mimics10.01 software, first locate the tooth part, select the teeth on both sides of the target defect tooth through threshold segmentation, delete the connection between the tooth and other bones, grow the area, etc., and then , each layer of image undergoes selective editing, removal of artifacts, smoothing, and filling of holes, etc., to remove redundant data and retain valid data, and finally design and build a 3D model of damaged teeth through 3D processing to output in STL format; 3) use GeomagicStudio 12.0 software, select the outer surface of the tooth 3D model, delete the redundant triangular meshes inside the model, and then process the error of the STL file to generate a closed 3D tooth model without holes inside, and then edit and smooth the model, Generate a 3D model of the tooth with complete shape and no abnormal surface, and finally remove the top cover of the model and extract the shell to obtain the 3D model of the dental mold; 4) Output the 3D model of the dental mold in STL format to the Asiga Plus 27 3D printer, set the layer thickness 0.05mm for slice processing, and then use the general photosensitive ink material to make a single dental mold.
单颗树脂假牙制作：选择上齿厂造牙树脂II型，调合至面团期，将其灌注在上述3D打印所得模具中，固化成型后取出可得单颗树脂假牙。Production of single resin dentures: Select the dental resin type II of Shangtooth Factory, mix it to the dough stage, pour it into the above-mentioned 3D printed mold, and take it out after curing to obtain a single resin denture.
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