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CN106069727A - A kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree - Google Patents

A kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106069727A
CN106069727A CN201610497946.2A CN201610497946A CN106069727A CN 106069727 A CN106069727 A CN 106069727A CN 201610497946 A CN201610497946 A CN 201610497946A CN 106069727 A CN106069727 A CN 106069727A
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China
Prior art keywords
flower
pollen
pollination
standby
pear
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CN201610497946.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郝玉梅
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Guzhen Huafeng Agriculture Co Ltd
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Guzhen Huafeng Agriculture Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610497946.2A priority Critical patent/CN106069727A/en
Publication of CN106069727A publication Critical patent/CN106069727A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N3/00Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree, comprise the steps: that prepared by (1) pollen, prepared by (2) petal extracting solution, prepared by (3) sepal extracting solution, prepared by (4) pollen pollination liquid, (5) artificial pollination.The pollen pollination liquid effect duration at normal temperatures of uniqueness of the present invention preparation is two days, during this, the vigor of pollen is without substantially reducing, improve the problem needing in existing mode repeatedly to prepare pollination liquid, reduce labor intensity, the pollination activity intensity of the insecticides such as Apis can be strengthened again simultaneously, compensate for ensure, when spraying, the problem that flower is all capped, the percentage of fertile fruit of final pear flower is up to more than 98%, greatly improve planting benefit, additionally, the inventive method is simple, pollen consumption is few, cost is relatively low, has good promotional value.

Description

A kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of planting, be specifically related to a kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree.
Background technology
Pear is in gametophytic incompatibility fruit tree, and most kind self-pollinations can not be solid, miscellaneous by remote edge Handing over and breed, use and configure suitable pollinizers and cultivar and mutually pollinate to improve solid on producing, pear pollen is main Mediate by mild wind and honeybee worm and to teach.Frequently with artificial supplementary pollination technology to improve fruit-setting rate, really in pears production process Protect yield and quality.
Existing artificial pollination mode mostly is artificial point and awards method, is i.e. directly spread upon by pollen female by brush pen or banister brush On the style of flower, this mode also exists that cost of labor is high, take time and effort, expend the shortcomings such as pollen is many, and then people explore trial Liquid pollination mode, will be added in liquid flux by pollen, is then sprayed on the stigma of female flower, has pollination speed fast, Save artificial feature, and moisture and the nutrient of stigma can be increased, extend the stigma Pollination Fertilization time, but liquid pollination technology is still Immature, however it remains nutritional solution suspending power poor, pollen dispersion is uneven, the problem of easy swelling death in nutritional solution, And the pollen solution prepared need to make to be finished at short notice, usually within 5h, not so pollen loses vigor again without exploitation value Value, this also increases the fussy degree of preparation during pollination, the most inevitably causes pollen a certain degree of simultaneously Waste.Although additionally, liquid pollination mode is the most convenient, but full-bloom stage flower is the most intensive, during sprinkling, cannot ensure that flower is equal Capped, the situation that part flower still can be caused to pollinate, it is unfavorable for the raising of pollination rate.
Before pear tree enters the florescence, it usually needs carry out flower thinning operation, reduce unnecessary nutrition leak, to increase fruit Quality, can produce substantial amounts of useless flower during flower thinning, when pear tree grows naturally also can withered a lot of flowers, current fresh rare to this The method that class flower fully recycles.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree, have method simple, The feature that pollination rate is high.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree, comprises the steps:
(1) prepared by pollen:
A. pear flower entered after florescence, in the morning before 8.30, selected the male flower that will open, standby under plucking at anthocaulus, If excess moisture on male flower, the most first put in drier standby after dehydration;
B. being placed on by male flower in the mesh screen that aperture is 4mm, spread non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, both hands are rubbed gently, make flower pesticide and flower Lobe and filigree are peeled off, then shake mesh screen, are sieved to flower pesticide be layered on the non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, regather the flower pesticide on non-woven fabrics Pour into and the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 3 mm is carried out sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain clean flower pesticide Standby;
C. gained flower pesticide is put under conditions of temperature is 18 ~ 23 DEG C and toasts, treat that flower pesticide pops, after the pollen of yellow flows out, stop Only baking, crosses 200 mesh sieves by flower pesticide and pollen mixture, obtains pear flower pollen standby;
(2) prepared by petal extracting solution:
A. pear flower petal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 38 ~ 42 DEG C, dry to water content It is 20 ~ 25% standby;
B. the pear flower petal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times Volumetric concentration is in the ethanol solution of 75%, extraction 10h after, filter petal extracting solution is standby;
(3) prepared by sepal extracting solution:
A. pear flower sepal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 40 ~ 43 DEG C, dry to water content It is 15 ~ 20% standby;
B. the pear flower sepal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times Volumetric concentration is in the ethanol solution of 85%, extraction 10h after, filter sepal extracting solution is standby;
(4) prepared by pollen pollination liquid:
Weigh following material the most by weight: 20 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of glucoses, 4 parts of boric acid, 7 parts of guar gums, 2 parts of Semen sojae atricolor ovum phosphorus Fat, 1.5 parts of dodecyl Hydroxypropyl phosphate ester glycine betaines, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of choline chloride;
B. take the deionized water of mentioned component gross mass 400 ~ 500 times, be heated to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, again that mentioned component is the most common Put in deionized water, obtain base fluid after being stirred continuously mix homogeneously standby;
C. by the pollen of step (1) gained, the petal extracting solution of step (2) gained, the sepal extracting solution of step (3) gained and Base fluid is by weight i.e. obtaining pollen pollination liquid after 0.1:7:3:100 mix homogeneously;
(5) artificial pollination: when pear flower enters full-bloom stage, by pollen pollination liquid atomizing pollination device spray made for step (4) Being sprinkled upon female taking, the time of sprinkling is selected in morning 7.00 ~ 9.00 or afternoon 2.00 ~ 4.00.
There is advantages that
(1) the useless flower produced during pear flower is grown by the present invention is made full use of, and petal and sepal is therefrom carried out Separate, prepare petal extracting solution and sepal extracting solution respectively, add in pollen pollination liquid, on the one hand can improve the work of pollen Power, with the problem that the components matching such as sucrose improves the easy swelling death of pollen, extends the effective life of pollen pollination liquid, another Containing multiple natural chemical substance in aspect, petal extracting solution and sepal extracting solution, special abnormal smells from the patient can be given out, again can be spy Visible special fluorescence under standing wave length, this type of fluorescence can attract and guide the insecticides such as Apis to come to suck nectar, and then auxiliary passes Broadcast pollen, improve pollination success rate further.
(2) the pollen pollination liquid effect duration at normal temperatures of uniqueness of the present invention preparation is two days, pollen during this Vigor, without substantially reducing, improves the problem needing repeatedly to prepare pollination liquid in existing mode, reduces labor intensity, again can simultaneously Strengthen the pollination activity intensity of the insecticides such as Apis, compensate for ensure the problem that flower is all capped, final pear flower when spraying Percentage of fertile fruit up to more than 98%, greatly improve planting benefit, additionally, the inventive method is simple, pollen consumption is few, and cost is relatively Low, there is good promotional value.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree, comprises the steps:
(1) prepared by pollen:
A. pear flower entered after florescence, in the morning before 8.30, selected the male flower that will open, standby under plucking at anthocaulus, If excess moisture on male flower, the most first put in drier standby after dehydration;
B. being placed on by male flower in the mesh screen that aperture is 4mm, spread non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, both hands are rubbed gently, make flower pesticide and flower Lobe and filigree are peeled off, then shake mesh screen, are sieved to flower pesticide be layered on the non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, regather the flower pesticide on non-woven fabrics Pour into and the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 3 mm is carried out sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain clean flower pesticide Standby;
C. gained flower pesticide is put under conditions of temperature is 18 ~ 23 DEG C and toasts, treat that flower pesticide pops, after the pollen of yellow flows out, stop Only baking, crosses 200 mesh sieves by flower pesticide and pollen mixture, obtains pear flower pollen standby;
(2) prepared by petal extracting solution:
A. pear flower petal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 38 ~ 42 DEG C, dry to water content It is 20 ~ 25% standby;
B. the pear flower petal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times Volumetric concentration is in the ethanol solution of 75%, extraction 10h after, filter petal extracting solution is standby;
(3) prepared by sepal extracting solution:
A. pear flower sepal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 40 ~ 43 DEG C, dry to water content It is 15 ~ 20% standby;
B. the pear flower sepal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times Volumetric concentration is in the ethanol solution of 85%, extraction 10h after, filter sepal extracting solution is standby;
(4) prepared by pollen pollination liquid:
Weigh following material the most by weight: 20 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of glucoses, 4 parts of boric acid, 7 parts of guar gums, 2 parts of Semen sojae atricolor ovum phosphorus Fat, 1.5 parts of dodecyl Hydroxypropyl phosphate ester glycine betaines, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of choline chloride;
B. take the deionized water of mentioned component gross mass 400 ~ 500 times, be heated to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, again that mentioned component is the most common Put in deionized water, obtain base fluid after being stirred continuously mix homogeneously standby;
C. by the pollen of step (1) gained, the petal extracting solution of step (2) gained, the sepal extracting solution of step (3) gained and Base fluid is by weight i.e. obtaining pollen pollination liquid after 0.1:7:3:100 mix homogeneously;
(5) artificial pollination: when pear flower enters full-bloom stage, by pollen pollination liquid atomizing pollination device spray made for step (4) Being sprinkled upon female taking, the time of sprinkling is selected in morning 7.00 ~ 9.00 or afternoon 2.00 ~ 4.00.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 compared with Example 1, does not contains petal extracting solution and sepal extracting solution in made pollen pollination liquid, Method step in addition is the most identical.
Matched group 1
Existing common pear flower liquid pollination method.
Matched group 2
Spontaneous pollination.
For contrasting effect of the present invention, by above-mentioned four kinds of modes, pear flower being carried out pollination operation respectively, following table is the most right Than data:
Percentage of fertile fruit (%) Pure pollen amount (g) needed for average every mu Average every mu of pollination time (h)
Embodiment 1 98.6 8.2 0.4
Comparative example 1 93.7 10.5 0.6
Matched group 1 89.2 14.6 1.2
Matched group 2 70.3 / /
As seen from the above table, the inventive method compared with the conventional method, is using less pollen amount, is putting into relatively low artificial pollination Time cost, can obtain the percentage of fertile fruit effect of up to more than 98%, and be not added with petal extracting solution and the contrast of sepal extracting solution Embodiment 1, the using effect in different factors all has decline, and made pollen pollination liquid effective life was less than 1 day.

Claims (1)

1. the artificial pollination method for pear tree, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) prepared by pollen:
A. pear flower entered after florescence, in the morning before 8.30, selected the male flower that will open, standby under plucking at anthocaulus, If excess moisture on male flower, the most first put in drier standby after dehydration;
B. being placed on by male flower in the mesh screen that aperture is 4mm, spread non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, both hands are rubbed gently, make flower pesticide and flower Lobe and filigree are peeled off, then shake mesh screen, are sieved to flower pesticide be layered on the non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, regather the flower pesticide on non-woven fabrics Pour into and the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 3 mm is carried out sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain clean flower pesticide Standby;
C. gained flower pesticide is put under conditions of temperature is 18 ~ 23 DEG C and toasts, treat that flower pesticide pops, after the pollen of yellow flows out, stop Only baking, crosses 200 mesh sieves by flower pesticide and pollen mixture, obtains pear flower pollen standby;
(2) prepared by petal extracting solution:
A. pear flower petal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 38 ~ 42 DEG C, dry to water content It is 20 ~ 25% standby;
B. the pear flower petal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times Volumetric concentration is in the ethanol solution of 75%, extraction 10h after, filter petal extracting solution is standby;
(3) prepared by sepal extracting solution:
A. pear flower sepal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 40 ~ 43 DEG C, dry to water content It is 15 ~ 20% standby;
B. the pear flower sepal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times Volumetric concentration is in the ethanol solution of 85%, extraction 10h after, filter sepal extracting solution is standby;
(4) prepared by pollen pollination liquid:
Weigh following material the most by weight: 20 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of glucoses, 4 parts of boric acid, 7 parts of guar gums, 2 parts of Semen sojae atricolor ovum phosphorus Fat, 1.5 parts of dodecyl Hydroxypropyl phosphate ester glycine betaines, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of choline chloride;
B. take the deionized water of mentioned component gross mass 400 ~ 500 times, be heated to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, again that mentioned component is the most common Put in deionized water, obtain base fluid after being stirred continuously mix homogeneously standby;
C. by the pollen of step (1) gained, the petal extracting solution of step (2) gained, the sepal extracting solution of step (3) gained and Base fluid is by weight i.e. obtaining pollen pollination liquid after 0.1:7:3:100 mix homogeneously;
(5) artificial pollination: when pear flower enters full-bloom stage, by pollen pollination liquid atomizing pollination device spray made for step (4) Being sprinkled upon female taking, the time of sprinkling is selected in morning 7.00 ~ 9.00 or afternoon 2.00 ~ 4.00.
CN201610497946.2A 2016-06-30 2016-06-30 A kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree Pending CN106069727A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106718833A (en) * 2016-12-07 2017-05-31 延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院(延边特产研究所) Apple pear essence pollen pollinating method
CN107853168A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-03-30 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 Promote the artificial pollination method of the solid production seed of manglietia glauca
CN109329041A (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-02-15 吴江市黎里心怡农业科技有限公司 A kind of Cuiguan pear pollen dilution
CN109329042A (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-02-15 吴江市黎里心怡农业科技有限公司 A kind of application of Cuiguan pear pollen dilution

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CN102318549A (en) * 2011-08-16 2012-01-18 南京农业大学 Method with effects of saving cost and improving efficiency for liquid pollination of pear tree
CN102487810A (en) * 2011-11-21 2012-06-13 南京农业大学 Method for promoting complete affinity of intervarietal pear pollination
CN103891599A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-07-02 蒋平友 Preparation method of pollen suspension for carrying out spray pollination on kiwifruits
CN104429921A (en) * 2014-10-17 2015-03-25 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 Kiwi pollen mixture as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN104936436A (en) * 2012-11-28 2015-09-23 花粉科技有限责任公司 Pollen compositions and methods for distribution on flowering plants

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102106253A (en) * 2009-12-29 2011-06-29 新疆生产建设兵团农二师农业科学研究所 Preparation method of fruit tree pollen solution and pollination method
CN102318549A (en) * 2011-08-16 2012-01-18 南京农业大学 Method with effects of saving cost and improving efficiency for liquid pollination of pear tree
CN102487810A (en) * 2011-11-21 2012-06-13 南京农业大学 Method for promoting complete affinity of intervarietal pear pollination
CN104936436A (en) * 2012-11-28 2015-09-23 花粉科技有限责任公司 Pollen compositions and methods for distribution on flowering plants
CN103891599A (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-07-02 蒋平友 Preparation method of pollen suspension for carrying out spray pollination on kiwifruits
CN104429921A (en) * 2014-10-17 2015-03-25 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 Kiwi pollen mixture as well as preparation method and application thereof

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106718833A (en) * 2016-12-07 2017-05-31 延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院(延边特产研究所) Apple pear essence pollen pollinating method
CN106718833B (en) * 2016-12-07 2019-06-07 延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院(延边特产研究所) Apple pear essence pollen pollinating method
CN107853168A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-03-30 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 Promote the artificial pollination method of the solid production seed of manglietia glauca
CN109329041A (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-02-15 吴江市黎里心怡农业科技有限公司 A kind of Cuiguan pear pollen dilution
CN109329042A (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-02-15 吴江市黎里心怡农业科技有限公司 A kind of application of Cuiguan pear pollen dilution

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