CN106066170B - A kind of sun sensor and its measuring method based on photoelectric converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar sensor based on a photoelectric converter and a measurement method thereof, belonging to the field of aerospace technology, comprising a satellite main body, two support structures respectively installed on a pair of vertex corners of the satellite main body, and each support structure has three Each plane is perpendicular to each other, and each plane of each bracket structure is equipped with a photoelectric converter, and the signal processing circuit is installed inside the main body of the satellite. The signal processing circuit is composed of a signal conditioning circuit, a temperature detector and a processor. Each photoelectric converter They are respectively connected to corresponding signal conditioning circuits, the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the processor, and the voltage signal is input to the processor, and the temperature detector is connected to the processor, and the temperature signal of the satellite main body is input to the processor. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a solar sensor based on a photoelectric converter and its measurement method, which solves the problems in the prior art and has the advantages of full field of view, small size and light weight.

Description

A solar sensor based on a photoelectric converter and its measurement method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of aerospace technology, and relates to a sun sensor based on a photoelectric converter and a measurement method thereof, especially for micro-nano satellites to realize the measurement of the sun vector angle.

Background technique

The real-time determination of attitude is the premise and basis for high-precision control of satellites, and the observation of the satellite’s in-orbit status needs to obtain the relative position information of reference celestial bodies. Sunlight has the characteristics of high brightness, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high parallelism, making it It is easy to detect and the direction of the sun vector angle is almost irrelevant to the orbit of the satellite, so it is of great significance to install the sun vector angle sensor on the satellite to detect its attitude.

At present, the more mature sun vector angle sensors are mainly divided into analog sun vector angle sensors and digital sun vector angle sensors.

The analog sun vector angle sensor uses the linear characteristics of the photoelectric effect of the solar cell to obtain the direction of the sun vector angle through the linear relationship between the short-circuit output current of the solar cell and the luminous flux. For example, Chinese Patent No. ZL201310317156.8, the patent name is "a thick sun sensor for solar azimuth measurement", the announcement date is July 8, 2015, and a solar sensor for solar azimuth measurement is disclosed , including the main structure, base, battery assembly, reference mirror, electrical connector and grounding assembly. The output realizes the measurement of the sun azimuth. Compared with the traditional analog sun sensor, the sun sensor is smaller in size, lighter in weight and larger in field of view.

The digital sun vector angle sensor collects the sun image through the image sensor, and obtains the sun vector angle direction through digital image processing. For example, Chinese Patent No. ZL201410065241.4, the patent name is "sun sensor", and the announcement date is January 20, 2016. It discloses a sun sensor, including a light introducer. The light introducer has multiple sets of field of view positioning holes and Multiple sets of attitude update holes, using multiple sets of field of view positioning holes to divide the total field of view of the sun sensor into multiple sub-fields, using multiple sets of attitude update holes to adjust the update rate amplification factor of the sun sensor; image detector, image The detector is located below the light introducer and is spaced a predetermined distance from the light introducer. The solar sensor provides arc-second-level incident angle measurement accuracy under the condition of large field of view.

In summary, the existing analog sun vector angle sensors and digital sun vector angle sensors are usually large in size and heavy in weight, and cannot achieve a full field of view, which takes up the load of the satellite; in this field, Under the premise of accurately measuring the sun vector angle, the simpler the structure, the lighter the mass, and the smaller the volume, the better.

Contents of the invention

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a solar sensor based on a photoelectric converter, which solves the problems in the prior art. The solar sensor has the advantages of full field of view, small size and light weight.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the sun vector angle in real time with a photoelectric converter-based sun sensor.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is that a solar sensor based on a photoelectric converter includes a satellite main body, and two support structures are respectively installed on a pair of vertex corners of the satellite main body, and each support structure has three mutually perpendicular surfaces , each surface of each bracket structure is equipped with a photoelectric converter, and there are at least 6 photoelectric converters to ensure that there are photoelectric converters on the 6 sides of the satellite main body; the signal processing circuit is installed inside the satellite main body, and the signal processing circuit is composed of signal It consists of a conditioning circuit, a temperature detector and a processor. There are 6 or more signal conditioning circuits and temperature detectors; each photoelectric converter is connected to a corresponding signal conditioning circuit, and the signal conditioning circuit includes a resistor and an operational amplifier. The resistor converts the current signal output by the photoelectric converter into a voltage signal, and then amplifies it through an operational amplifier; the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the processor, and the voltage signal is input to the processor, and the temperature detector is connected to the processor, and the 6 The surface temperature signal is input to the processor.

The present invention is also characterized in that, further, each surface of the support structure is in contact with the surface of the satellite main body.

Further, the model of the photoelectric converter is S10604-200CT.

Further, the model of the operational amplifier is TLC271.

Further, the processor adopts a single-chip microcomputer modeled as STM32F103.

Further, the temperature detector adopts a digital temperature sensor of model 18B20.

Further, each photoelectric converter forms a module with a corresponding signal conditioning circuit and a corresponding temperature detector, and at least 6 identical modules are respectively connected to the processor.

A method for real-time measurement of the sun vector angle based on a photoelectric converter sun sensor, specifically according to the following steps:

Step 1, obtain the output of all the photoelectric converters through the processor, measure the temperature of the six photoelectric converters through the temperature detector, and perform temperature compensation on the output of all the photoelectric converters according to the temperature;

Step 2, find out 1, 2 or 3 photoelectric converters that receive sunlight, and record the number of photoelectric converters that receive sunlight;

Step 3, according to the number of photoelectric converters described in step 2 and the output of the corresponding photoelectric converters, using the cosine function relationship between the output of the photoelectric converters and the incident angle of sunlight to obtain the sun vector angle.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention directly utilizes the satellite main body, and a support structure is installed on the vertex of the satellite main body, and each support structure has three faces, and each face of each support structure is equipped with a photoelectric converter to form a sun sensor , realize that each surface of the satellite main body is equipped with a photoelectric converter, which has the advantage of a full field of view, and secondly, the photoelectric converter is concentrated on the vertex of the satellite main body, which greatly saves the occupation of the sun sensor of the present invention Volume, the invention uses a photoelectric converter to measure the sun vector angle, which has the advantages of full field of view, small volume and low quality, and can be used in ordinary satellites, micro-nano satellites and pico-satellites.

The invention uses the characteristic that the output of the photoelectric converter has a cosine function relationship with the incident angle of sunlight with a given irradiance to measure the sun vector angle, so that the full field of view measurement can be realized. At the same time, compared with the traditional analog sun sensor, the light introducer that occupies a large volume and mass is omitted. Compared with the digital sun sensor, there is no lens with large volume and mass; therefore, the present invention also has the advantages of small volume and low quality.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the stent structure in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the signal processing circuit of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sun vector angle coordinate system of the sun sensor of the present invention on the satellite.

In the figure, 1. photoelectric converter, 11. the first photoelectric converter, 12. the second photoelectric converter, 13. the third photoelectric converter, 14. the fourth photoelectric converter, 15. the fifth photoelectric converter, 16 .Sixth photoelectric converter, 2. Signal processing circuit, 3. Satellite main body, 4. Support structure, 41. First support structure, 42. Second support structure, 5. Signal conditioning circuit, 6. Temperature detector, 7 . Processor, 8. Module, 9. Single-chip microcomputer.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1-3, support structure 4 is made up of first support structure 41 and second support structure 42, and photoelectric converter 1 is made up of first photoelectric converter 11, second photoelectric converter 12. The third photoelectric converter 13, the fourth photoelectric converter 14, the fifth photoelectric converter 15, and the sixth photoelectric converter 16; the first support structure 41 and the second support structure 42 are installed on one side of the satellite main body 3 On the opposite corners, the three mutually perpendicular surfaces of the first support structure 41 are fitted to the surface of the satellite main body 3, and the three mutually perpendicular surfaces of the second support structure 42 are fitted to the surface of the satellite main body 3. The first support structure The first photoelectric converter 11, the second photoelectric converter 12, and the third photoelectric converter 13 are respectively installed on the three mutually perpendicular surfaces of the structure 41, and the fourth photoelectric converter 11 is respectively installed on the three mutually perpendicular surfaces of the second support structure 42. Photoelectric converter 14, the fifth photoelectric converter 15, the sixth photoelectric converter 16; the signal processing circuit 2 is installed inside the satellite main body 3, and the signal processing circuit 2 is composed of a signal conditioning circuit 5, a temperature detector 6 and a processor 7, There are six signal conditioning circuits 5 and temperature detectors 6 respectively, the first photoelectric converter 11, the second photoelectric converter 12, the third photoelectric converter 13, the fourth photoelectric converter 14, the fifth photoelectric converter 15, the first photoelectric converter The six photoelectric converters 16 are respectively connected to the corresponding signal conditioning circuit 5, the signal conditioning circuit 5 includes a resistor and an operational amplifier, the signal conditioning circuit 5 converts the current signal output by the corresponding photoelectric converter 1 into a voltage signal through the resistor, and then passes the general The operational amplifier TLC271 is amplified; the corresponding signal conditioning circuit 5 is connected to the processor 7, and the voltage signal is input to the processor 7, and the temperature detector 6 is connected to the processor 7, and the temperature signals of 6 surfaces of the satellite main body 3 are input to the processor device7.

Each photoelectric converter 1 forms a module 8 with the corresponding signal conditioning circuit 5 and the corresponding temperature detector 6, and six identical modules 8 are respectively connected with the processor 7 to realize the measurement function of the sun vector angle.

The temperature detector 6 adopts a digital temperature sensor 18B20, which has a simple circuit and supports a single bus;

The processor 7 adopts a single-chip microcomputer 9 with low power consumption function, and the model of the single-chip microcomputer 9 is STM32F103, which has a main frequency of 72Mhz and powerful hardware resources;

The principle of the present invention is: the output of the photoelectric converter 1 is proportional to the received solar radiation flux, and the received solar radiation flux is proportional to the sunlight vector angle. Using this characteristic, the photoelectric converter can be measured The output of 1 gets the sun vector angle.

Set up the sun vector angle coordinate system as shown in Figure 4, a kind of method of the sun sensor based on photoelectric converter of the present invention measures the sun vector angle in real time, specifically carry out according to the following steps:

Since the output of the photoelectric converter 1 has a cosine function relationship with the incident angle of sunlight, a photoelectric converter 1 can obtain a conical surface, and the actual sun vector is contained in the obtained conical surface. More than three photoelectric converters 1 that are not in the same plane can obtain a unique sun vector. The specific measurement method is as follows:

Step 1, obtain the output of all photoelectric converters 1 through processor 7, measure the temperature of six photoelectric converters 1 through temperature detector 6, and perform temperature compensation on the output of all photoelectric converters 1 according to the temperature;

Step 2, find out 1, 2 or 3 photoelectric converters 1 that receive sunlight, and record the number of photoelectric converters 1 that receive sunlight;

Step 3, according to the number of photoelectric converters 1 in step 2 and the value output by the corresponding photoelectric converter 1, use the principle that the value output by photoelectric converter 1 and the incident angle of sunlight form a cosine function relationship to obtain the sun vector angle .

In Figure 4, θ _x represents the angle between the projection of the sun vector on the XY plane and the X axis, θ _y represents the angle between the projection of the sun vector on the XY plane and the Y axis, and θ _z represents the projection of the sun vector on the ZY plane and the Z The included angle of the axis.

The present invention directly utilizes the satellite main body 3, and a support structure 4 is installed on the vertex of the satellite main body 3, and the support structure 4 has three faces, and a photoelectric converter 1 is installed on each face of each support structure 4 to form a sun sensor and realize Each surface of the satellite main body 3 is equipped with a photoelectric converter 1, which has the advantage of a full field of view. Secondly, the photoelectric converter 1 is concentrated on the top angle of the satellite main body 3, which saves the sun sensor of the present invention to a large extent. occupied volume.

The model of the photoelectric converter 1 used in the present invention is S10604-200CT, and the package size of one element is 2 mm long × 1.25 mm wide × 0.8 mm high, and the area of each side of the support structure 4 only needs to meet the installation of one photoelectric converter In addition, the present invention does not need the light introduction structure of the traditional analog sun sensor, and the light introduction structure has a larger volume and quality. At the same time, because the digital sun sensor adopts digital image technology, the image sensor needs a mirror group to introduce light, and the mirror group has a large volume and quality. Therefore, the volume and mass of the sun sensor proposed by the present invention are much smaller than the traditional analog sun sensor and digital sun sensor.

It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of sun sensor based on photoelectric converter, which is characterized in that including satellite main body (3), two supporting structures (4) it is separately mounted in a vertical angles of satellite main body (3), there are three orthogonal face, Mei Gezhi for each supporting structure (4) Photoelectric converter (1) is installed in each face of frame structure (4), and photoelectric converter (1) is at least 6, ensures satellite main body (3) There is photoelectric converter (1) in 6 faces；Signal processing circuit (2) is internal mounted on satellite main body (3), signal processing circuit (2) by Signal conditioning circuit (5), temperature detector (6) and processor (7) composition, signal conditioning circuit (5), temperature detector (6) are set Put 6 or 6 or more；Each photoelectric converter (1) connects respectively with corresponding signal conditioning circuit (5), signal conditioning circuit (5) including resistance and operational amplifier, the current signal that photoelectric converter (1) exports is converted to by resistance by voltage signal, Amplified again by operational amplifier；Signal conditioning circuit (5) is connect with processor (7), and voltage signal is input to processor (7), temperature detector (6) is connect with processor (7), and the temperature signal in 6 faces of satellite main body (3) is input to processor (7)。

A kind of 2. sun sensor based on photoelectric converter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stent knot Each face of structure (4) and the surface of satellite main body (3) fit.

3. a kind of sun sensor based on photoelectric converter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photoelectricity turns The model S10604-200CT of parallel operation (1).

4. a kind of sun sensor based on photoelectric converter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the operation is put The model TLC271 of big device.

A kind of 5. sun sensor based on photoelectric converter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the processor (7) using the microcontroller (9) of model STM32F103.

A kind of 6. sun sensor based on photoelectric converter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature inspection Survey digital temperature sensor of the device (6) using model 18B20.

7. a kind of sun sensor based on photoelectric converter according to claim 1-6 any one, which is characterized in that Each photoelectric converter (1) forms a module with corresponding signal conditioning circuit (5) and corresponding temperature detector (6) (8), the identical module of at least six (8) is connected respectively with processor (7).

8. solar vector angle is measured using a kind of sun sensor based on photoelectric converter as described in claim 1 in real time Method, which is characterized in that specifically follow the steps below：

Step 1, the output of all photoelectric converters (1) is obtained by processor (7), six are measured by temperature detector (6) The temperature of photoelectric converter (1) carries out temperature-compensating according to temperature to the output of all photoelectric converters (1)；

Step 2,1 that receives sunlight, 2 or 3 photoelectric converter (1) is found out, and records the light for receiving sunlight The quantity of electric transducer (1)；

Step 3, the output of the quantity of the photoelectric converter according to step 2 (1) and corresponding photoelectric converter (1), utilizes light Cosine function relationship between the output of electric transducer (1) and angle of incidence of sunlight, acquires solar vector angle.