CN106063800B - 牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用,通过将牛樟芝干浸膏用于制备抑制前列腺增生的药物,能够降低前列腺上皮细胞高度、降低血清ACP、DHT含量以及减少前列腺中血管内皮生长因子的表达。本发明制备方法简便、快速。发明所得牛樟芝提取物具有治疗前列腺增生作用,效果可与西药非那雄胺相媲美;同时,还具有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用,能够抑制小鼠棉球肉芽肿胀、减少小鼠醋酸扭体次数,可用于缓解前列腺增生伴发的炎症及疼痛。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种药物制备领域的技术,具体是一种牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用。
背景技术
前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)为中老年男性常见疾病,其发病率伴随人口的老龄化呈逐年上升的趋势。有统计显示,我国51岁到60岁年龄的男性发病率高达70%以上。前列腺增生的主要临床表现为一系列下尿路症状,如尿频、尿线变细、排尿费力、尿潴留等,重症患者可导致下尿路症状加重及上尿路受损或肾积水、肾功能衰竭(LUTS)。有关前列腺增生的发病机制,认为前列腺增生与机体激素内分泌失调、生长因子过度表达及原癌基因的过度表达相关。此外,前列腺增生的同时往往伴有炎症及疼痛等症状。
前列腺增生的治疗方法分为手术治疗及药物治疗。手术治疗虽然效果较好,但也给患者造成身体创伤,接受度不高。根据药物作用机制及种类,目前常用治疗前列腺增生药物一般分为三种:5α‐还原酶抑制剂、受体阻断剂、中药及植物制剂。西药虽效果好,但会带来诸多不良反应;中药制剂及植物提取物存在服用剂量大、疗程长、见效慢的缺点。所以开发一种安全有效的治疗药物将会有广阔的应用前景。
牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea T.T.Chang&W.N.Chou)为台湾道地药材,又名樟芝、樟菇、牛樟菇、红樟芝、血灵芝,属担子菌门菌蔁纲无褶菌目多孔菌科薄孔菌属。目前从牛樟芝中分离得到的化学成分已超过两百种,包括烷醛、芳香烃、羧酸、脂肪酸酯、腺苷等菌类初级代谢产物,另有精油、多糖体、三萜、超氧岐化酶、凝集素、微量元素、苯的衍生物、安卓奎诺尔等。研究显示,牛樟芝粗提物对肝癌、乳癌、血癌、胰腺癌等癌细胞均具有细胞毒作用。但未见牛樟芝治疗前列腺增生的报道。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术制备繁琐且多涉及使用二氯甲烷、甲醇、丙酮等多种有毒溶剂,制备过程需使用MPLC等精密仪器,且需反复柱层析,成本高昂、得率低等缺陷,提出一种牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用,制备方法简便、快速。发明所得牛樟芝提取物具有治疗前列腺增生作用,效果可与西药非那雄胺相媲美;同时,还具有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用,能够抑制小鼠棉球肉芽肿胀、减少小鼠醋酸扭体次数,可用于缓解前列腺增生伴发的炎症及疼痛。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明涉及一种牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用,将牛樟芝干浸膏用于制备抑制前列腺增生的药物。
所述的药物能够降低前列腺上皮细胞高度,改善前列腺组织病理学改变,并显著降低血清ACP、DHT含量,减少前列腺中血管内皮生长因子的表达。
本发明另外涉及一种牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用,将牛樟芝干浸膏用于制备抗炎镇痛的药物。
所述的牛樟芝,取自牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea T.T.Chang&W.N.Chou)子实体,经研磨后采用乙醇回流提取并减压浓缩后得到干浸膏,或乙醇回流提取并浓缩干燥后通过乙醇重结晶得到干混悬或混悬剂。
附图说明
图1为牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺组织病理学的影响示意图;
图中为HE染色,×400下的:(a)为空白,(b)为模型,(c)为非那雄胺,(d)为牛樟芝低剂量组,(e)为牛樟芝高剂量组;
图2为牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺组织VEGF的影响示意图;
图中为×400下的:(a)为空白,(b)为模型,(c)为非那雄胺,(d)为阴性对照,(e)为牛樟芝低剂量,(f)为牛樟芝高剂量。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例制备一种治疗前列腺增生的牛樟芝提取物,包括如下步骤:
1)取原药材牛樟芝子实体,挑去杂质,剪碎或切碎;
2)放入圆底烧瓶内,加提取溶剂65%~90%乙醇,料液比2~3g生药/1000mL;
3)回流提取30~60min;
4)提取液滤过,回收提取溶剂并减压浓缩,得提取物干浸膏。
下述试验,说明本实施例所制备牛樟芝提取物具有抗丙酸睾酮诱导的大鼠前列腺增生作用。
实验材料:试验动物:雄性SD大鼠,72只,体重160~180g。试验药物:非那雄胺混悬液0.25mg/mL(阳性对照组);牛樟芝提取物混悬液16mg生药/mL(低剂量牛樟芝提取物);牛樟芝提取物混悬液48mg生药/mL(高剂量牛樟芝提取物)。
试验方法:按照新药药效研究指导原则,制备大鼠前列腺增生模型。雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,每组8只,分别为:空白组,模型组,非那雄胺组,牛樟芝醇提液低、高剂量组。造模前适应性饲养一周,一周后除空白组,其余各组大鼠隔日皮下注射丙酸睾酮20mg/kg*d,连续3周。造模3周后,各给药组灌胃给药,正常组及模型组灌胃5%CMC‐Na,给药体积0.4mL/100g,非那雄胺组灌胃非那雄胺混悬液(1mg/kg*d),牛樟芝各组按确定的剂量(低剂量组72mg/kg*d、高剂量组216mg/kg*d)给药,每日一次,连续灌胃30d。给药期间,观察大鼠一般行为活动,食欲、精神状态,毛发光泽度及大小便等。各组大鼠末次给药2h后麻醉,腹主动脉取血,处死大鼠,取前列腺,称取前列腺湿重。按下式计算前列腺指数:前列腺指数PI=(前列腺重量/大鼠体重)×100。
取前列腺腹侧叶相同部位用4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋进行切片,苏木素‐伊红染色,光镜下检视大鼠前列腺组织切片的病理形态变化。同时采用Image‐pro plus 6.0测量前列腺上皮细胞高度。
麻醉大鼠,腹主动脉采血收集于真空采血管中,室温放置1h,4℃冰箱过夜,第2天取出离心,取上层血清‐80℃保存。室温均匀解冻后,按试剂盒步骤检测大鼠血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、双氢睾酮(DHT)的含量。
链霉亲和素‐生物素复合物(SABC)免疫组化法检测VEGF的表达。
实验数据以mean±sd表示,数据处理采用SPSS 16.0统计软件。计量资料采用One‐way ANOVA;计数资料采用秩和检验;p<0.05,具有统计学意义。
试验结果
1)对前列腺指数的影响
表1体现了牛樟芝提取物对前列腺增生大鼠前列腺指数的影响。模型组大鼠的前列腺指数(PI)显著高于空白组(p<0.05),非那雄胺组大鼠的前列腺指数显著低于模型组(p<0.05);而牛樟芝提取物组与模型组相比有减小的趋势。
表1.牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺指数的影响(mean±sd,n=8)
#P<0.05,与空白组比较;*P<0.05,**P<0.01.,与模型组比较。
2)对前列腺增生大鼠血清中酸性磷酸酶、双氢睾酮含量的影响
表2体现了牛樟芝提取物对前列腺增生大鼠血清中酸性磷酸酶、双氢睾酮含量的影响。模型组与空白组比较,血清ACP、DHT含量升高,差异极显著(p<0.01);牛樟芝低剂量及高剂量组与模型组相比血清ACP、DHT含量低,差异显著(p<0.05)。
表2.牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠血清中ACP及DHT的影响(mean±sd,n=8)
##P<0.01,与空白组比较;*P<0.05,**P<0.01.,与模型组比较。
3)对前列腺增生大鼠的前列腺组织形态影响
图2体现了牛樟芝提取物对前列腺增生大鼠的前列腺组织形态影响。正常组腺体排列清楚,腺腔结构清晰完整,前列腺上皮细胞呈单层柱状排列。模型组腺体数目增多,单位面积腺体数目密度增大,上皮细胞明显增厚,部分区域结构为多层,排列紊乱,大多数腺体具有乳头状突起,且间质纤维组织及平滑肌组织增多,说明造模成功。牛樟芝低剂量组腺腔明显减少,管腔细胞多为单层柱状排列,间质少而疏松。牛樟芝高剂量组、非那雄胺组前列腺腺体上皮细胞呈单层或复层排列,上皮细胞多呈高柱状或立方状,乳头状结构明显减少(图1),表明牛樟芝高剂量组有显著抑制前列腺增生的作用。
按照半定量标准对实验各给药组前列腺增生病理形态进行测定,测定结果见表3。经秩检验,与空白组相比,模型组明显发生前列腺增生的病理改变(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,非那雄胺、牛樟芝高剂量组经给药后可显著减轻大鼠前列腺增生症状(P<0.01);牛樟芝低剂量组亦可一定程度减轻大鼠前列腺增生症状(P<0.05)。
表3.牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺组织形态的影响(mean±sd,n=8)
“‐”表示前列腺腺体基本正常,腺上皮基本正常,间质基本正常;“+”表示腺体基本正常,腺上皮有所增生,间质基本正常;“++”表示腺体增生,腺上皮增生,间质增生;“+++”表示腺体明显增生,腺上皮明显增生,间质明显增生。
4)牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺上皮细胞高度的影响
表4体现了牛樟芝提取物对前列腺增生大鼠的前列腺上皮细胞高度的影响。与空白组相比,模型组的上皮细胞高度明显增加(p<0.05);与模型组相比,牛樟芝各组均能显著减小前列腺上皮细胞高度。
表4.牛樟芝对BPH大鼠前列腺上皮细胞高度的影响(mean±sd,n=8)
##P<0.01,与空白组比较;*P<0.05,**P<0.01.,与模型组比较。
5)牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响
正常组前列腺组织VEGF表达呈弱阳性;模型组表达为强阳性,表现为阳性细胞数目增多,大部分为深棕黄色,染色较深;非那雄胺组较模型组阳性细胞减少,染色变浅;牛樟芝各给药组均较模型组情况有所改善,染色较浅,阳性表达细胞数目有所减少;具体情况见图2。
6)牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺上皮细胞中VEGF表达的影响
表5体现了牛樟芝提取物对前列腺增生大鼠前列腺上皮细胞中VEGF平均光密度的影响。VEGF的表达在模型组中最高,平均光密度值最大,与正常组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);给予牛樟芝治疗后VEGF的表达均较模型组明显下降,平均光密度值降低(P<0.01)。
表5.牛樟芝提取物对BPH大鼠前列腺中VEGF的影响(mean±sd,n=8)
#P<0.05,与空白组比较;*P<0.05,**P<0.01.,与模型组比较。
根据上述试验结果可见,牛樟芝提取物可显著降低丙酸睾酮诱导的前列腺增生大鼠前列腺指数,降低前列腺上皮细胞高度,改善前列腺组织病理学改变,并显著降低血清ACP、DHT含量,减少前列腺中血管内皮生长因子的表达。
实施例2
本实施例采用与实施例1相同的方法,制备一种具有抗炎、镇痛作用的牛樟芝提取物,用于治疗前列腺增生伴发的炎症及疼痛。
下述试验,说明本实施例所制备牛樟芝提取物具有镇痛、抗炎作用。
试验动物:ICR小鼠,SPF级,18~22g,雌雄各半。
试验方法
1)小鼠扭体法
ICR小鼠随机分为8组:生理盐水组(NS)、阳性对照药阿司匹林组(Asp40mg/kg),牛樟芝组(低剂量组:104mg/kg、中剂量组:208mg/kg、高剂量组:416mg/kg)每组10只,雌雄各半。各组小鼠分别给予生理盐水或相应药物,每天灌胃给药1次,连续5d。末次给药1h后,每只小鼠腹腔内注射1%冰醋酸0.2mL,致使小鼠产生扭体反应。扭体反应表现为:小鼠腹部明显内凹,后肢向后伸展,臀部高起等一系列动作,以一次完整的扭体反应计一次。扭体反应在注射冰醋酸后15min内出现频率高,潜伏期约为3min,因此以注射冰醋酸3min后的15min内发生的小鼠扭体次数,作为疼痛的定量指标,与空白组相比给药组的扭体次数越多表明镇痛效果越不明显,反映供试药镇痛的效果差异,并计算各给药组对小鼠扭体反应的抑制率。
2)小鼠棉球肉芽肿法
取ICR小鼠,10%水合氯酸0.1mL/10g麻醉,鼠板固定,在无菌条件下,在小鼠背部切1cm长小口,将10mg灭菌棉球(棉球预先经高压灭菌及青霉素钠处理)埋入小鼠右前肢腋窝皮下并缝合,术后外涂青霉素钠粉末抗感染。将小鼠随机分为8组(n=10):空白组,阳性对照组(醋酸可的松1.8mg/kg·d),牛樟芝牛樟芝低、中、高剂量组。空白组给药剂量与醋酸地塞米松组等容量。手术后次日开始灌胃给药连续7d;末次给药1h后,处死并剥离取出棉球肉芽组织,60℃恒温干燥箱中放置24h后,称取棉球重量,称得重量减去原棉球重量即为增生的肉芽干重,以肉芽干重为评价指标,并计算出肉芽肿胀抑制率。
试验结果
表6、7表明,本发明牛樟芝提取物三个剂量组与生理盐水组相比均可显著减小醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数,抑制小鼠棉球肉芽组织增生。标明牛樟芝提取物具有抗炎镇痛作用,可用于治疗前列腺增生伴发的炎症及疼痛。
表6.牛樟芝提取物对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应抑制作用(mean±sd,n=10)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01.,与空白组比较。
表7.牛樟芝提取物对小鼠棉球肉芽肿的抑制作用(mean±sd,n=10)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01.,与空白组比较。
上述具体实施可由本领域技术人员在不背离本发明原理和宗旨的前提下以不同的方式对其进行局部调整,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准且不由上述具体实施所限,在其范围内的各个实现方案均受本发明之约束。
Claims (2)
1.一种牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用,其特征在于,将牛樟芝干浸膏用于制备抑制前列腺增生的药物;
所述的牛樟芝干浸膏,通过以下方式制备得到:
1)取原药材牛樟芝子实体,挑去杂质,剪碎或切碎;
2)放入圆底烧瓶内,加提取溶剂65%~90%乙醇,料液比2~3g生药/1000mL;
3)回流提取30~60min;
4)提取液滤过,回收提取溶剂并减压浓缩,得提取物干浸膏;
所述的抑制前列腺增生是指降低人或大鼠前列腺上皮细胞高度、降低血清ACP、DHT含量以及减少前列腺中血管内皮生长因子的表达;
所述的牛樟芝,取自牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea T.T.Chang&W.N.Chou)子实体,经研磨后采用乙醇回流提取并减压浓缩后得到干浸膏。
2.一种牛樟芝在抗前列腺增生药物中的应用,其特征在于,将牛樟芝干浸膏用于制备抗炎镇痛的药物;
所述的牛樟芝,取自牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea T.T.Chang&W.N.Chou)子实体,经研磨后采用乙醇回流提取并减压浓缩后得到干浸膏;
所述的牛樟芝,取自牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea T.T.Chang&W.N.Chou)子实体,经研磨后采用乙醇回流提取并浓缩干燥后通过乙醇重结晶得到干混悬或混悬剂。
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