CN106045613B - A kind of beach saline-alkali ground soil fertilizer special for organic and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali soil and a preparation and application method thereof, which contains, in parts by mass: 85-90 parts of cow dung, 5-10 parts of crop straw, 2 parts of calcium sulfate and 3 parts of biochar. The invention effectively solves the technical bottleneck of rapid soil improvement in tidal flat saline-alkali land: the professional organic fertilizer made by combining cow dung, crop straw, calcium sulfate and biochar can effectively promote the formation of tidal flat soil aggregates and reduce soil return. Salt can reduce pH, increase soil organic matter, and N, P and other nutrients, effectively promote soil structure improvement and fertilization in tidal flat saline-alkali land, and provide guarantee for increasing the reserve resources of agricultural land in my country.

Description

A kind of special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali land soil and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to a special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali soil and a preparation and application method thereof, in particular to a soil-specific organic fertilizer suitable for coastal saline-alkali land in my country and having the functions of soil improvement and fertilizer efficiency, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

The tidal flat land resources in the eastern part of China are extensive and large, and can be used as important reserve cultivated land resources. They are mainly distributed in the coastal areas from Liaoning in the north to Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan in the south, with a total area of about 2.1704 million hm ² . In the past 50 years, tidal flat reclamation has developed rapidly as an effective means to achieve "balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation". China has added 1.1 to 1.2 million hm ² of land through tidal flat reclamation. According to the current sedimentation rate of rivers entering the sea in China, 1-1.5 ^million hm2 of land can be reclaimed by 2050. In June 2009, the State Council officially listed "Jiangsu Coastal Area Development Plan" as a national strategy. Strategic requirements: From 2010 to 2020, 2.7 million mu of tidal flats will be newly reclaimed along the coast of Jiangsu, of which more than 60% will need to be transformed into farmland, in order to meet the continuous demand for land for sustainable social and economic development through "balance of occupation and compensation".

However, coastal tidal flat soil is a special primitive soil, and the most important difference from agricultural cultivated land is the difference between the salinity of the soil surface and soil fertility. The former determines whether the tidal flat can be used for crop production, and the latter determines whether crop production can It is sustainable, and soil fertilization includes the improvement of soil structure, and it also has the effect of consolidating the results of salt reduction and inhibiting soil return to salt. The "soil fertilization" dominated by the increase of organic matter is a key link in the rapid improvement of tidal flat soil: first, it can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, change the movement of soil salt, promote soil desalination, inhibit soil return to salt, and neutralize soil alkali degree, thereby reducing the harm of salt to crops, increasing crop yields, and achieving the purpose of improving tidal flat soil; secondly, it can provide soil fertility substances, which are closely related to the increase of soil nutrient content, and can continuously supply various nutrients needed by crops. Plant nutrition, improve crop nutrition level. It is one of the primary tasks of the national strategy of the "Jiangsu Coastal Area Development Plan" to speed up the process of soil fertilization in newly reclamated tidal flats, eliminate obstacles that are not conducive to agricultural production, and improve land output and economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at a series of practical problems such as high salt content and low organic matter and nutrient content in tidal flat saline-alkali land at present, the invention provides a special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali soil and its preparation method and application.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution provided by the invention is:

The special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali soil contains, in parts by mass: 85-90 parts of cow dung, 5-10 parts of crop straw, 2 parts of calcium sulfate and 3 parts of biochar.

The organic matter content (dry basis) of the cow dung is ≥ 25wt.%, and the moisture content is ≤ 50wt.%.

The crop stalks are crushed crop stalks with a length of 5-10 cm after crushing.

The biochar uses plant material as raw material, and its pH is 7.0-8.5.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali land soil. Cow dung and crop stalks are uniformly mixed with a mixer, inoculated with EM bacteria, and fermented with conventional stack-type aerobic composting; after the fermentation is completed, calcium sulfate and biochar are added and mixed. uniform.

The invention also provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil with organic fertilizers. In mild saline-alkali soils with a salt content<4g/kg, the dosage is 2-4 tons/mu, which is directly applied as a base fertilizer; In saline-alkali land, the dosage is 6-8 tons/mu, which is directly applied as base fertilizer; in severe saline-alkali land with a salt content > 8g/kg, the dosage is 8-10 tons/mu, which is directly applied as base fertilizer.

After the special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali soil is evenly sprinkled into the soil, use a rotary tiller to mix the special organic fertilizer with 0-20cm soil evenly.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) Cow dung, increase soil organic matter and N, P and other nutrient content, provide nutrients for plant growth, promote the formation of saline-alkali soil aggregates, improve the soil structure of saline-alkali soil, break capillaries that conduct salt, and reduce the salinity content of saline-alkali surface soil.

(2) Crop straw, adjust the C/N of the fermentation system, increase the organic matter content, and promote the complete fermentation of the system.

Calcium sulfate, adjusts pH, and after Ca ²⁺ enters the soil, it can further promote the formation of soil aggregates.

(3) Biochar can increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of saline-alkali soil, reduce nutrient leaching, and retain water and fertilizer.

(4) The optimized ratio of the above materials has multiple effects such as reducing soil salinity, increasing soil CEC, increasing organic matter and N, P and other nutrient contents, promoting plant growth, and increasing plant biomass in saline-alkali soil.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: The comparison of the salinity content of the saline-alkali surface soil by applying different formulas of special organic fertilizers. Each data point is the average value of 3 experimental plots; the salinity of the saline-alkali surface soil in the two treatments of N4 and N5 is lower than that of other treatments.

Figure 2: The comparison chart of the application of different formulas of special organic fertilizers on the pH of the surface soil of saline-alkali land. Each data point is the average value of 3 experimental plots; the pH of the saline-alkali surface soil of the two treatments of N4 and N5 was significantly lower than that of the other treatments.

Figure 3: Comparison chart of ryegrass biomass in mild saline-alkali land with different amounts of N4 formula special organic fertilizer. Each data point is the average value of 3 test plots; the optimal amount of special organic fertilizer is 2-4 tons/mu.

Fig. 4 is a comparison chart of the biomass of ryegrass in moderate saline-alkali land with different amounts of N4 formula-specific organic fertilizers. Each data point is the average value of 3 test plots; the optimal amount of special organic fertilizer is 6-8 tons/mu.

Figure 5: The comparison chart of the biomass of ryegrass in moderate saline-alkali land with different amounts of N4 formula special organic fertilizer. Each data point is the average value of 3 test plots; the optimal amount of special organic fertilizer is 8-10 tons/mu.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

The special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali soil contains, in parts by mass: 85-90 parts of cow dung, 5-10 parts of crop straw, 2 parts of calcium sulfate and 3 parts of biochar. Cow dung organic matter content (dry basis) ≥ 25wt.%, moisture ≤ 50wt.%. The crop stalks are crushed crop stalks with a length of 5-10 cm after crushing. Biochar is made from plant material and has a pH of 7.0-8.5.

Cow dung and crop straw are mixed evenly with a mixer, inoculated with EM bacteria, and fermented in conventional stacked aerobic composting; after the fermentation is completed, calcium sulfate and biochar are added and mixed evenly.

Example 1:

In moderately saline-alkali coastal beaches, the salinity content of the 0-20cm surface soil is 8.53g/kg, and the soil pH is 9.10. Test location: Fanglingken District, Rudong City, Jiangsu Province; test time: June 2014-September 2014. The test plot was reclamated in 2000, and no artificial reclamation measures were carried out after the reclamation.

The field random block experiment was adopted, and the area of each plot was 4.0m×4.0m. According to different special organic fertilizer formulas, 6 treatments were set up in the experiment, namely CK, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. In June 2014, special organic fertilizers for saline-alkali mudflat soil were applied to each plot, and the sludge was mixed with the 0-20 cm plow layer soil with a rotary tiller. In September 2014, soil samples were collected for measurement and analysis.

Among them, CK: blank, without applying any organic fertilizer, and other measures are exactly the same;

N1: 70 parts of cow dung; 25 parts of crop straw; 2 parts of calcium sulfate; 3 parts of biochar;

N2: 75 parts of cow dung; 20 parts of crop straw; 2 parts of calcium sulfate; 3 parts of biochar;

N3: 80 parts of cow dung; 15 parts of crop straw; 2 parts of calcium sulfate; 3 parts of biochar;

N4: 85 parts of cow dung; 10 parts of crop straw; 2 parts of calcium sulfate; 3 parts of biochar;

N5: 90 parts of cow dung; 5 parts of crop straw; 2 parts of calcium sulfate; 3 parts of biochar.

See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for the measurement results of the salinity content and pH of the 0-20cm surface soil of each treatment. The organic fertilizer formula specially used for saline-alkali land soil in tidal flats significantly reduced the salinity content and pH of the 0-20cm surface soil. Among them, the salinity content of the 0-20cm topsoil of the saline-alkali land in the two treatments of N4 and N5 was lower than that of the other treatments. The pH of the 0-20cm topsoil of the saline-alkali land in the two treatments of N4 and N5 was significantly lower than that of the other treatments. Based on the salinity and pH data, the best formulas of organic fertilizers suitable for tidal flat saline-alkali soil are N4 and N5.

Taking the N4 formula as an example, the main ingredients include cow dung, crop straw, calcium sulfate, and biochar. The main configuration steps include:

(1) Mix 85-90 parts of cow dung and 5-10 parts of crop stalks, mix well, inoculate with EM bacteria, and ferment with conventional stacked aerobic composting;

(2) 2 parts of calcium sulfate and 3 parts of biochar are added to the system of (1), fully stirred and mixed; the special organic fertilizer for saline-alkali mudflat soil is obtained.

(3) The technology application method, for light, medium and severe saline-alkali land in coastal beaches, all applied at one time; the optimal dosage for mild saline-alkali land with a salt content <4g/kg is 2-4 tons/mu, which is directly spread as a base fertilizer; The best amount of salt is 4-8g/kg in moderate saline-alkali land, the best amount is 6-8 tons/mu, which is directly spread as base fertilizer; the best amount of salt content > 8g/kg in severe saline-alkali land is 8-10 tons/mu, which is directly sprinkled as base fertilizer apply. After the special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali soil is evenly sprinkled into the soil, use a rotary tiller to mix the special fertilizer and 0-20cm soil evenly. Green manure planting can be carried out after application.

Example 2:

In light, medium and severe saline-alkali land along the coast, the salinity content of the 0-20cm surface soil is 3.87g/kg, 8.53g/kg, 9.55g/kg respectively, and the soil pH is 8.68, 9.10, 9.19 respectively. Test location: Fanglingken District, Rudong City, Jiangsu Province; test time: October 2014-May 2015. The test plot was reclamated in 2000, and no artificial reclamation measures were carried out after the reclamation.

The field random block experiment was adopted, and the area of each plot was 4.0m×4.0m. In the test, 6 treatments were set up according to the formula of organic fertilizer N4 specially used for tidal flat saline-alkali soil, which were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/mu, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. In October 2014, the special organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil was applied to each plot, and the sludge was mixed with the 0-20 cm plow layer soil with a rotary tiller. From November 2014 to May 2015, ryegrass plants were planted in each plot. The biomass of ryegrass was collected and measured in May 2015.

The effects of different organic fertilizer application rates on saline-alkali soils on the biomass of ryegrass planted in light, medium and severe saline-alkali soils are shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5. Under the condition of mild saline-alkali soil (salt content 3.87g/kg), high ryegrass biomass can be obtained by applying 2-4 tons of special organic fertilizer; under the condition of moderate saline-alkali soil (salt content 8.53g/kg) , the application of 6-8 tons of special organic fertilizer can obtain higher ryegrass biomass; under the condition of severe saline-alkali land (salt content 9.55g/kg), it is necessary to apply 8-10 tons of special organic fertilizer to obtain higher ryegrass Biomass.

The invention effectively solves the technical bottleneck of rapid soil improvement in tidal flat saline-alkali land: the professional organic fertilizer made by combining cow dung, crop straw, calcium sulfate and biochar can effectively promote the formation of tidal flat soil aggregates and reduce soil return. Salt can reduce pH, increase soil organic matter, and N, P and other nutrients, effectively promote soil structure improvement and fertilization of tidal flat saline-alkali land, and provide guarantee for increasing the reserve resources of agricultural land in our country.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any skilled person who is familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the present invention, Any simple modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made in the above embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A special organic fertilizer for tidal flat saline-alkali land soil, characterized in that: in parts by mass, it contains: 85-90 parts of cow dung, 5-10 parts of crop straw, 2 parts of calcium sulfate, and 3 parts of biochar; Organic matter content (dry basis) ≥ 25wt.%, moisture ≤ 50wt.%; the crop stalks are crushed crop stalks, and the length after crushing is 5-10cm; the biochar is made of plant materials, and the pH is 7.0-8.5 . 2. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: cow dung and crop stalks are mixed evenly by a mixer, inoculated with EM bacteria, and fermented by conventional strip stack type aerobic composting; after the fermentation is completed, calcium sulfate and Biochar, mix well. 3. adopt the method for improving saline-alkali land soil with the organic fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the mild saline-alkali land of salinity＜4g/kg, consumption 2-4 tons/mu, directly spread as base manure; For moderate saline-alkali land with a salt content of 4-8g/kg, the dosage is 6-8 tons/mu, which is directly applied as a base fertilizer; for severe saline-alkali land with a salt content > 8g/kg, the dosage is 8-10 tons/mu, which is directly applied as a base fertilizer . 4. The method for improving saline-alkali soil with organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: after the special organic fertilizer for beach saline-alkali soil is evenly sprinkled into the soil, use a rotary tiller to mix the special organic fertilizer with 0-20cm soil.