CN106018917B - A passive current and voltage integrated sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention proposes a kind of passive Current Voltage integrated sensors, are made of two sensing elements being located at around transfer wire, and each sensing element is made of substrate, magnetic core coil, metal layer, connecting wire, pad and fixed device.Magnetic core coil is located at the upper surface of substrate, constitutes current sensor with connecting wire and pad；Metal layer is located at the lower surface of substrate, constitutes voltage sensor with connecting wire and pad, and fixed device is located at the lower section of metal layer, two sensing elements between transfer wire at a distance from it is different, transfer wire surface is mounted on by fixation device.Sensor depends on the height of fixed device with a distance from transfer wire, easy to adjust；It is based on micrometer-nanometer processing technology, and sensing element is all made of passive measurement, can sensed current signal and voltage signal simultaneously, do not need external power supply, low in energy consumption, structure is simple, and micromation, the linearity is good, and dynamic range is big, low in cost, is conducive to mass production.

Description

A passive current and voltage integrated sensor

technical field

The invention relates to the field of power grids and the technical field of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, in particular to a passive current-voltage integrated sensor.

Background technique

At present, there are many current monitoring devices for substations and user terminals, but few current monitoring devices for overhead lines connecting substations and users. The operation mode will change significantly, which brings severe challenges to distribution network state estimation, optimal scheduling and online fault location.

Current sensors and voltage sensors are important devices for realizing online status monitoring of power systems. Its accuracy and reliability are closely related to the safe and reliable operation of the power system. At present, most of the distribution networks use large transformers to detect voltage signals and current signals, which are not only large in size, complex in structure, expensive, but also inconvenient to install. In addition, the voltage transformer is generally measured by contacting the ground, and the ground is used as the reference potential, which is easy to cause creepage phenomenon. Therefore, a low-cost, easy-to-install and relatively high-precision current sensor and voltage sensor are urgently needed to monitor the current and voltage of overhead lines in real time, so that operators can better grasp the real-time operating status of the distribution network.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

(1) Technical problems to be solved

In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a passive current-voltage integrated sensor.

(2) Technical solutions

The present invention provides a passive current-voltage integrated sensor, comprising: a first sensing part and a second sensing part; wherein, the first surfaces of the first sensing part and the second sensing part have a current The sensor, the second surface opposite to the first surface has a voltage sensor; the voltage sensor is also fixed with a clamping piece, the clamping piece is fixed on the surface of the transmission wire, the first sensing part and the second transmission line The position of the sensing part is matched, and the distance between the voltage sensor and the transmission wire of the two is different.

Preferably, the first sensing component and the second sensing component include: a substrate 1, a magnetic core coil 2, a connecting wire 4 and a pad 5; the magnetic core coil 2 is located on the first surface of the substrate, which is The connecting wires on the first surface are connected to the pads, and a current sensor is formed on the first surface for sensing the current value of the transmission wires.

Preferably, the first sensing component and the second sensing component include: a substrate 1, a metal layer 3, a connecting wire 4 and a pad 5, the metal layer 3 is located on the second surface of the substrate, and passes through the second surface of the substrate. The connecting wires on the two surfaces are connected to the pads, and a voltage sensor is formed on the second surface; the metal layers of the first sensing part and the second sensing part serve as a pair of sensing electrodes for sensing the voltage value of the transmission wire , one of the metal layers of the sensing electrode pair is not grounded as a reference potential.

Preferably, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are located on both sides of the transmission wire, and the positions are opposite and parallel to each other; alternatively, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are located on the same axis of the transmission wire to the position and have an included angle.

Preferably, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are arranged side by side on the same side of the transmission wire and are parallel to each other; alternatively, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are arranged at different axial positions along the transmission wire , and has an included angle.

Preferably, the material of the substrate 1 is selected from silicon, glass, ceramics or organic materials, and the substrate 1 is insulated from the magnetic core coil 2 , the thin metal layer 3 , the connecting wire 4 and the pad 5 .

Preferably, the magnetic core coil 2 is an array structure magnetic core coil with X rows and Y columns, wherein X and Y are natural numbers.

Preferably, the magnetic core coil 2 includes a coil and a magnetic core, the coil is a three-dimensional structure matching the shape of the magnetic core, which is produced on a substrate by a microfabrication process, and its material is copper or silver; the material of the magnetic core is silicon steel sheet Iron core, permalloy or amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy.

Preferably, the metal layer 3 is formed on the substrate through a microfabrication process, and the material thereof is silver or copper.

Preferably, the clamping member is fixed directly under the metal layer, and the material is ceramic, nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene.

(3) Beneficial effects

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that a passive current-voltage integrated sensor of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The sensing component is simple in structure and low in cost, which is conducive to mass production;

(2) Passive measurement is adopted, no external power supply is required, and the power consumption is low;

(3) Equipped with a voltage sensor and a current sensor at the same time, which can detect the current signal and voltage signal of the transmission wire at the same time, without using two sets of equipment to detect the voltage and current respectively, the detection is convenient, and the detection cost is saved;

(4) The voltage sensor does not need to be grounded as a reference potential, avoiding the occurrence of creepage phenomenon;

(5) The magnetic core coil adopts an array and laminated structure, which greatly improves the sensitivity of the sensor;

(6) The sensing component is fixed on the surface of the transmission wire through the U-shaped clip, which is easy to install, easy to operate and very simple and convenient to adjust the spacing;

(7) The magnetic core is composed of 45% nickel-iron thin film alloy, and there is no magnetic saturation phenomenon when detecting the distribution network, with good linearity and large dynamic range;

(8) The sensor using the microfabrication technology has a small volume and realizes the miniaturization of the sensor.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a current sensor of a passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage sensor of a passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of a current sensor of a passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

【Symbol Description】

1-substrate; 2-magnetic core coil; 3-metal layer; 4-connecting wire; 5-pad; 6-U-type clip; 7-transmission wire.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The passive current and voltage integrated sensor of the invention can simultaneously detect the passive current signal and the voltage signal of the AC distribution network. Among them, the working principle of the current sensor is Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The alternating magnetic field generated by the AC signal in the transmission wire passes through the magnetic core coil, and an induced electromotive force is generated at both ends of the magnetic core coil. The electromotive force is proportional to the measured current. The magnitude of the measured current can be obtained. The working principle of the voltage sensor is the principle of electrostatic induction. The distance between the two metal layers and the transmission wire is different, and the number of induced charges is different. By detecting the difference between the induced charges between the two metal layers, the alternating electric field generated by the transmission wire can be obtained, and then Get the magnitude of the measured voltage. In addition, the magnitude of the electromotive force induced at both ends of the magnetic core coil is inversely proportional to the distance between the magnetic core coil and the transmission wire. The ratio of the electromotive force generated by the upper and lower magnetic core coils can accurately calculate the distance between the magnetic core coil and the transmission wire. distance between.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , the first embodiment of the present invention provides a passive current-voltage integrated sensor, including: a first sensing part and a second sensing part with the same structure, the first and second transmission The inductive component includes: substrate 1, magnetic core coil 2, metal layer 3, connecting wire 4, pad 5 and U-shaped clip 6; the magnetic core coil 2 is located on a surface of the substrate, which is connected to the soldering wire through the connecting wire on the surface. The disk is connected, and a current sensor is formed on the surface.

The metal layer 3 is located on the other surface of the substrate, and is connected to the pads through the connecting wires on the other surface, forming a voltage sensor on the other surface.

The U-shaped clip 6 is fixed directly below the metal layer, and the first sensing component and the second sensing component are fixed on the surface of the transmission wire 7 through the U-shaped clip 6. The two are located on both sides of the transmission wire, and the positions are opposite and parallel to each other. The distance between the metal layer of the first sensing part and the second sensing part and the transmission wire 7 is different, and the substrate 1 is insulated from the magnetic core coil 2 , the metal layer 3 , the connecting wire 4 and the pad 5 .

Among them, the U-shaped clip 6 can be bonded to the metal layer 3 through an adhesive, and the first and second sensing components are fixed on the surface of the transmission wire 7 through the U-shaped clip 6, which is easy to install and easy to operate; The height of the clip can realize the adjustment of the distance between the sensing component and the transmission wire 7, and the adjustment of the distance is very simple and convenient.

Preferably, the magnetic core coil 2 is an array structure with X rows and Y columns, including X×Y magnetic cores. The magnetic core coils in the array structure greatly improve the sensitivity of the sensor, wherein X and Y are natural numbers, as shown in FIG. 1 And in Figure 2, the X is 1 and Y is 3.

Wherein, the material of the substrate 1 can be selected from materials such as silicon, glass, ceramics, organic materials, metals, metal alloys or metal oxides, for example; the magnetic core coil 2 includes a coil and a magnetic core, and the coil is a three-dimensional shape matching the shape of the magnetic core. structure, its material is copper or silver, and the magnetic core material can be silicon steel sheet iron core, permalloy, amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy or other magnetic materials with higher permeability and higher saturation magnetization, preferably 45% nickel-iron thin film alloy material, which has the highest saturation magnetization in permalloy, no magnetic saturation phenomenon when detecting distribution network, good linearity and large dynamic range. There is no contact between the coil and the magnetic core, and they are separated by insulating materials; the metal layer 3 is made of copper or silver, which is used as the sensing electrode pair of the voltage sensor, and one of the metal layers 3 is used as a reference potential without grounding, which avoids creepage phenomenon. occur. The connecting wire 4 is a copper wire, which connects the magnetic core coil 2 and the pad 5 and the metal layer 3 and the pad 5 respectively; the pad 5 is made of copper and is connected to the external circuit; Nylon, PTFE and other insulating materials with relatively high resistivity.

In order to enhance the sensing effect of the sensor, the sensitivity of the current sensor can be improved by increasing the size of the magnetic core, increasing the number of turns and the area of the coil, and reducing the distance between the sensing component and the transmission wire; the sensitivity of the voltage sensor can be improved by increasing the metal This is achieved by reducing the area of the layer and reducing the distance between the sensing element and the transmission wire.

Preferably, the main structure of the sensor, such as the coil of the magnetic core coil 2 and the metal layer 3, adopts a MEMS structure, which can be produced on the substrate by a microfabrication process, such as photolithography process, sputtering process, micro-plating process, etching process etching process, polishing process, etc.; the metal layer 3 is formed on the substrate 1 by the method of micro-electroplating. The sensor using the MEMS structure has a small volume and realizes the miniaturization of the sensor.

In this embodiment, the first sensing part and the second sensing part may not be parallel to each other, but have an included angle, that is, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are fixed on the transmission through the U-shaped clip 6 The surface of the wire 7 is located at the same axial position of the transmission wire and has an included angle, and the distances between the metal layers of the first sensing part and the second sensing part and the transmission wire 7 are different.

In the passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the alternating magnetic field generated by the AC signal in the transmission wire passes through the magnetic core coil of the current sensor, and the two ends of the magnetic core coil generate an induced electromotive force, which is proportional to the current of the transmission wire. Proportional, the current value of the transmission wire can be calculated by the electromotive force induced by any one current sensor of the two sensing components. Voltage sensors of two sensing components, the distances between the metal layers of the two voltage sensors and the transmission wires are different, and the number of induced charges is different. The alternating electric field, and then the voltage value of the transmission wire is obtained. In addition, the magnitude of the electromotive force induced at both ends of the magnetic core coil is inversely proportional to the distance between the magnetic core coil and the transmission wire. By using the ratio of the electromotive force generated by the magnetic core coils of the two sensing components, the relationship between the magnetic core coil and the transmission wire can be accurately calculated. The distance between the transmission wires can be obtained by subtracting the thickness of the substrate from the distance to obtain the distance between the metal layer of the sensing component and the transmission wire, and the voltage value of the transmission wire can be calculated.

The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure and low cost of sensing components, which is favorable for mass production. It adopts passive measurement, does not require external power supply, and has low power consumption; it can detect transmission wires at the same time. There is no need to use two sets of equipment to detect the voltage and current separately, which is convenient for detection and saves the detection cost; the voltage sensor does not need to be grounded as a reference potential, which avoids the occurrence of creepage.

For the passive current-voltage integrated sensor of the second embodiment of the present invention, for the purpose of brief description, any descriptions of technical features that can be used in the same application in the above-mentioned first embodiment are incorporated herein, and the same descriptions need not be repeated.

Referring to FIG. 4 , in this passive current-voltage integrated sensor, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are fixed on the surface of the transmission wire 7 through the U-shaped clip 6 , and the first sensing part and the second sensing part are arranged side by side on the surface of the transmission wire 7 . The transmission wires are on the same side and parallel to each other, and the distances between the metal layers and the transmission wires 7 are different.

In this embodiment, the first sensing part and the second sensing part may not be parallel to each other, but have an included angle, that is, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are fixed on the transmission through the U-shaped clip 6 On the surface of the wire 7, the two are arranged at different axial positions along the transmission wire, and have an included angle, and the distances between the metal layers of the first sensing part and the second sensing part and the transmission wire 7 are different.

Similar to the first embodiment, in the passive current-voltage integrated sensor of the second embodiment of the present invention, the alternating magnetic field generated by the AC signal in the transmission wire passes through the magnetic core coil of the current sensor, and induced electromotive force is generated at both ends of the magnetic core coil. The electromotive force is proportional to the current of the transmission wire, and the current value of the transmission wire can be calculated by the electromotive force induced by any one of the current sensors of the two sensing components. Voltage sensors of two sensing components, the distances between the metal layers of the two voltage sensors and the transmission wires are different, and the number of induced charges is different. The alternating electric field, and then the voltage value of the transmission wire is obtained. In addition, the magnitude of the electromotive force induced at both ends of the magnetic core coil is inversely proportional to the distance between the magnetic core coil and the transmission wire. By using the ratio of the electromotive force generated by the magnetic core coils of the two sensing components, the relationship between the magnetic core coil and the transmission wire can be accurately calculated. The distance between the transmission wires can be obtained by subtracting the thickness of the substrate from the distance to obtain the distance between the metal layer of the sensing component and the transmission wire, and the voltage value of the transmission wire can be calculated.

The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure and low cost of sensing components, which is favorable for mass production. It adopts passive measurement, does not require external power supply, and has low power consumption; it can detect transmission wires at the same time. There is no need to use two sets of equipment to detect the voltage and current separately, which is convenient for detection and saves the detection cost; the voltage sensor does not need to be grounded as a reference potential, which avoids the occurrence of creepage.

For the passive current-voltage integrated sensor of the third embodiment of the present invention, for the purpose of brief description, any description of technical features that can be used in the same application in any of the above embodiments is incorporated herein, and the same description is not required to be repeated.

In the passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention, N layers of first sensing components are stacked to form a first sensor group, and N layers of second sensing components are stacked to form a second sensor group, where N is A natural number, the pads of the current sensors of the N-layer first sensing components are connected in series by wires to form a current sensor group, and the pads of the current sensors of the N-layer second sensing components are connected in series by wires to form a current sensor group.

The surface of the upper sensing part with the voltage sensor is stacked on the surface of the lower sensing part with the current sensor, and the clevis 6 is fixed directly under the metal layers of the first and second sensing parts closest to the transmission wires. The first sensor group and the second sensor group are fixed on the surface of the transmission wire 7 through the U-shaped clip 6 .

In the passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the alternating magnetic field generated by the AC signal in the transmission wire passes through the magnetic core coil of the current sensor, and the two ends of the magnetic core coil generate an induced electromotive force, which is proportional to the current of the transmission wire. Proportional, the current value of the transmission wire can be calculated by the electromotive force induced by the current sensor group of any sensor group. The first sensor group and the second sensor group are the voltage sensors that are closest to the sensing components of the transmission wire. The distances between the metal layers of the two voltage sensors and the transmission wire are different, and the number of induced charges is different. By detecting the difference between the two metal layers The difference between the induced charges can be obtained to obtain the alternating electric field generated by the transmission wire, and then the voltage value of the transmission wire can be obtained. In addition, the magnitude of the electromotive force induced at both ends of the magnetic core coil is inversely proportional to the distance between the magnetic core coil and the transmission wire. The distance between the magnetic core coil closest to the transmission wire and the transmission wire can be accurately calculated, and the distance between the metal layer of the sensing component and the transmission wire can be obtained by subtracting the thickness of the substrate from this distance, and the transmission wire can be calculated. The voltage value of the wire.

The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention adopts stacked N-layer sensing components, which greatly improves the sensitivity of the sensor under the condition that the overall structure volume of the sensor increases very little. As shown in FIG. 5 , the N is taken as 2, that is, the first sensor group and the second sensor group are formed by stacking two layers of sensing components, and the situation in which they are fixed on the surface of the sensing wire is similar to that in FIG. 1 , and will not be repeated here. Repeat.

The two adjacent layers of sensing components are bonded together by super glue, which greatly improves the sensitivity of the sensor under the condition that the overall structural volume of the sensor increases very little.

So far, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of a passive current-voltage integrated sensor of the present invention.

It should be noted that, in the accompanying drawings or the text of the description, the implementations that are not shown or described are in the form known to those of ordinary skill in the technical field, and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of each component are not limited to various specific structures, shapes or manners mentioned in the embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art can simply modify or replace them, for example:

(1) The voltage sensor and the current sensor can also choose other structures;

(2) The directional terms mentioned in the embodiment, such as "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., are only for referring to the directions of the drawings, not for limiting The protection scope of the present invention;

(3) The above embodiments can be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations, that is, the technical features in different embodiments can be freely combined to form more embodiments.

To sum up, the passive current-voltage integrated sensor of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, miniaturization, low power consumption, good linearity, large dynamic range, little influence on the measurement accuracy by the environment, low cost, and is favorable for batch production. It can be widely used in the field of current and voltage detection of distribution network.

The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A passive current-voltage integrated sensor, comprising: a first sensing part and a second sensing part; wherein, The first surface of the first sensing part and the second sensing part has a current sensor, and the second surface opposite to the first surface has a voltage sensor; The voltage sensor is also fixed with a clamping piece, the clamping piece is fixed on the surface of the transmission wire, the positions of the first sensing part and the second sensing part are matched, and the distances between the voltage sensor and the transmission wire are different; Wherein, the first sensing component and the second sensing component include: a substrate (1), a magnetic core coil (2), a connecting wire (4) and a pad (5); the magnetic core coil (2) is located on the first surface of the substrate, and is connected to the pad through the connecting wire on the first surface, and a current sensor is formed on the first surface for sensing the current value of the transmission wire; Wherein, the first sensing component and the second sensing component include: a substrate (1), a metal layer (3), a connecting wire (4) and a pad (5), and the metal layer (3) is located on the substrate (3). the second surface of the bottom, which is connected with the pad through the connecting wires of the second surface, and constitutes a voltage sensor on the second surface; The metal layers of the first sensing component and the second sensing component are used as a pair of sensing electrodes for sensing the voltage value of the transmission wire, and one of the metal layers of the pair of sensing electrodes is used as a reference potential and is not grounded; Wherein, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are located on both sides of the transmission wire, and the positions are opposite and parallel to each other; or, the first sensing part and the second sensing part are located on both sides of the transmission wire, and The first sensing part and the second sensing part are located at the same axial position of the transmission wire and have an included angle; or The first sensing component and the second sensing component are arranged side by side on the same side of the transmission wire and are parallel to each other; or, the first sensing component and the second sensing component are arranged side by side on the same side of the transmission wire, and the The first sensing part and the second sensing part are arranged at different axial positions along the transmission wire and have an included angle. 2 . The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the substrate ( 1 ) is selected from silicon, glass, ceramics or organic materials, and the substrate ( 1 ) and the The magnetic core coil (2), the thin metal layer (3), the connecting wire (4) and the pad (5) are insulated. 3 . The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic core coil ( 2 ) is an array structure magnetic core coil with X rows and Y columns, wherein X and Y are natural numbers. 4 . 4 . The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic core coil ( 2 ) comprises a coil and a magnetic core, and the coil is a three-dimensional structure matching the shape of the magnetic core, which is processed by microfabrication. 5 . The process is generated on the substrate, and its material is copper or silver; the magnetic core material is silicon steel sheet iron core, permalloy or amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy. 5 . The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal layer ( 3 ) is formed on the substrate by a microfabrication process, and the material thereof is silver or copper. 6 . 6 . The passive current-voltage integrated sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the clamping member is fixed directly under the metal layer, and the material is ceramic, nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene. 7 .