CN106018755B - A kind of experimental system of large size ground fissure physical model - Google Patents
A kind of experimental system of large size ground fissure physical model Download PDFInfo
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- CN106018755B CN106018755B CN201610619488.5A CN201610619488A CN106018755B CN 106018755 B CN106018755 B CN 106018755B CN 201610619488 A CN201610619488 A CN 201610619488A CN 106018755 B CN106018755 B CN 106018755B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of experimental systems of large-scale ground fissure physical model, it is related to being based on geological experiment field of measuring technique, it realizes and passes through experimental simulation, under the conditions of exploiting groundwater, study leads to the physical model that Ground Fractures ' Development extends in buried hills position stratum Differential Compression.The present invention includes：Model casing is welded by organic glass and is made；Support frame system includes that frame, hard support and jack, frame are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of model casing, and hard support is metal framework structure, and covering is used to adjust the horizontality at model casing bottom mounted on the outer surface of model casing, jack；Water measuring instrument and water valve are installed on each water inlet of every one end；Water measuring instrument and water valve are installed in each discharge outlet；Substrate topography control system includes：Monitoring instrument is made of distribution type fiber-optic, liquid level gauge, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe and the thermometer being arranged in layers.The present invention is suitable for ground fissure physical study.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to based on geological experiment field of measuring technique more particularly to a kind of large-scale ground fissure physical model
Experimental system.
Background technology
In the engineerings such as mineral exploration and exploitation, tunnelling, geology crack can cause engineering itself many unfavorable factors, even
It leads to a disaster.Therefore it is needing that the geology crack being likely to occur fully measure and study assessing in exploring early period,
So as to which safe construction, protects operating personnel, while reducing hidden dangers in project.Wherein, the variation of underground water is to cause geology again
One of the main reason for crack.
In the work progress of engineering, many times it is required for artificially actively drawing water, and after drawing water under pore water pressure
Uplift pressure reduces between dropping particle, but since the total stress of soil layer in pump process is held essentially constant, therefore effective stress is caused to increase
Add, soil layer densification, vertical deviation gradually increases with the reduction of level of ground water.Again due to being influenced by buried hills, soil layer is thick
Degree is formed about mutation in buried hill, and soil body Differential Compression causes to form crack in earth's surface.
It is main still by exploring on the spot but at present for the assessment mode in the geology crack in buried hills environment.
Meanwhile actual groundwater net is complex, in the environment of buried hills, it is difficult to which the variation of accurate evaluation underground water is for ground
The influence situation in matter crack.
Invention content
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of experimental system of large-scale ground fissure physical model, realizes by testing mould
Quasi-, under the conditions of exploiting groundwater, study leads to the physics that Ground Fractures ' Development extends in buried hills position stratum Differential Compression
Model.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
In a first aspect, the method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, including：Model casing, support frame system, water inlet system,
Drainage system and substrate topography control system；
The model casing is welded by organic glass to be made；
The support frame system includes that frame, hard support and jack, the frame are fixedly mounted on the model casing
Outer surface, the hard support is metal framework structure, and mounted on the outer surface of the model casing, the jack is used for for covering
The horizontality at the model casing bottom is adjusted, the pedestal of the jack disposes on the ground, and the weight lifting bar of the jack
Contact the domain of the metal framework structure；
The water inlet system includes the water inlet being arranged at the model casing both ends, wherein each of every one end into
Water measuring instrument and water valve are installed on the mouth of a river；
The drainage system includes the discharge outlet being arranged in the model casing bottom, and installs water in each discharge outlet
Amount measurement instrument and water valve；
The substrate topography control system includes：The soil layer being laid in the model casing, and be arranged in the soil layer
Monitoring instrument；Wherein, supreme from the model casing bottom, the soil layer includes：Argillic horizon, layer of sand, powder soil horizon and platelets,
And mica sheet of the setting for mark between the soil layer；The monitoring instrument by be arranged in layers distribution type fiber-optic,
Liquid level gauge, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe and thermometer composition.
The experimental system of large size ground fissure physical model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, is realized by experimental simulation device
It studies under water pumping conditions, the settlement difference of different-thickness water-bearing layer and its top plate aquiclude is tested；With research aquiclude pumping
Soil consolidation settlement law under water condition；With study and monitor ground fissure mineralizing evolution process；With research fluctuating substrate is over the ground
The influence that crack generates；With more monitoring modes that water deformation parameter is released in research aquiclude, water-bearing layer obtain.The present embodiment institute
The operation logic of the experimental system of offer is：Underground depth stratum total stress σ is equal to effective stressAnd pore water pressure
The sum of power u, i.e.,：Uplift pressure reduces between pore water pressure declines particle after drawing water, but due to native in pump process
The total stress of layer is held essentially constant, therefore effective stress is caused to increase, soil layer densification, vertical deviation with level of ground water reduction
And gradually increase.Due to being influenced by buried hills, soil thickness is formed about mutation in buried hill, and soil body Differential Compression causes
Earth's surface forms crack.On buried hills position stratum, Differential Compression leads to ground fissure to this experimental simulation under the conditions of exploiting groundwater
Develop the physical model of extension.To realize through experimental simulation, under the conditions of exploiting groundwater, study in buried hills portion
Position stratum Differential Compression leads to the physical model that Ground Fractures ' Development extends.
Description of the drawings
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached
Figure.
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of the experimental system of large-scale ground fissure physical model provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2,3,4 are the concrete structure signal of the experimental system of large-scale ground fissure physical model provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 5,6,7,8 are the sensor in each soil layer in large-scale ground fissure physical model provided in an embodiment of the present invention
With the arrangement schematic diagram of optical fiber.
Specific implementation mode
To make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment party
Present invention is further described in detail for formula.Embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below, the embodiment is shown
Example is shown in the accompanying drawings, and in which the same or similar labels are throughly indicated same or similar element or has identical or class
Like the element of function.It is exemplary below with reference to the embodiment of attached drawing description, is only used for explaining the present invention, and cannot
It is construed to limitation of the present invention.Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, odd number shape used herein
Formula " one ", "one", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that the specification of the present invention
The middle wording " comprising " used refers to that there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that
Other one or more features of presence or addition, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.It should be understood that
When we say that an element is " connected " or " coupled " to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or
There may also be intermediary elements.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling.Here make
Wording "and/or" includes any cell of one or more associated list items and all combines.The art
Technical staff is appreciated that unless otherwise defined all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have
Meaning identical with the general understanding of the those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.It should also be understood that such as general
Term, which should be understood that, those of defined in dictionary has a meaning that is consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and
Unless being defined as here, will not be explained with the meaning of idealization or too formal.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of experimental system of large-scale ground fissure physical model, as shown in Figure 1, including：Model
Case, support frame system, water inlet system, drainage system and substrate topography control system.Wherein：
The model casing is welded by organic glass to be made.
The support frame system includes that frame, hard support and jack, the frame are fixedly mounted on the model casing
Outer surface, the hard support is metal framework structure, and mounted on the outer surface of the model casing, the jack is used for for covering
The horizontality at the model casing bottom is adjusted, the pedestal of the jack disposes on the ground, and the weight lifting bar of the jack
Contact the domain of the metal framework structure.
The water inlet system includes the water inlet being arranged at the model casing both ends, wherein each of every one end into
Water measuring instrument and water valve are installed on the mouth of a river.
The drainage system includes the discharge outlet being arranged in the model casing bottom, and installs water in each discharge outlet
Amount measurement instrument and water valve.
The substrate topography control system includes：The soil layer being laid in the model casing, and be arranged in the soil layer
Monitoring instrument.Wherein, supreme from the model casing bottom, the soil layer includes：Argillic horizon, layer of sand, powder soil horizon and platelets,
And mica sheet of the setting for mark between the soil layer.The monitoring instrument by be arranged in layers distribution type fiber-optic,
Liquid level gauge, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe and thermometer composition.
Wherein, water measuring instrument and water valve are fitted on each water inlet in the water inlet system.Alternatively,
The water inlet respectively held is separately connected respective water inlet manifold, and water measuring instrument and water are equipped on the water inlet manifold
Valve.
In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the thickness for forming the organic glass of the model casing is
25mm.The length 4.8m of the model casing, width 1.8m are highly 1.5m.
In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, in one end of the model casing：It is evenly distributed in rectangle region including 12
Water inlet in domain.The minimum range of inner bottom surface of the water inlet apart from the model casing be 0.17m, distance model case it is interior
The minimum range of wall surface is 0.3m.Minimum spacing between each water inlet is 0.32m, and maximum spacing is 0.6m；The draining system
System includes 10 discharge outlet being evenly distributed in rectangular area.Internal face of the discharge outlet apart from the model casing is most
Small distance is 0.45m, maximum distance 0.48m.Minimum spacing between each discharge outlet is 0.9m, and maximum spacing is 0.96m.
Such as：It can be according to the mouth of a river be disposable into and out shown in Fig. 2, since the vadose region surrounding boundary of model is babinet, bottom
Boundary is argillic horizon, all can be used as water proof boundary.The water inlet of model, discharge outlet can be generalized as water filling gang of wells and pumped well
Group.Gang of wells interferes with each other, and the influence to seepage field can be used " principle of stacking " to analyze.In the present embodiment, it is parallel water proof
Boundary can carry out parallel boundary mapping to gang of wells, ensure that vadose region streamline is uniform, minimize boundary to seepage field
It influences.
In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the thickness of the argillic horizon is 20cm, and the thickness of the layer of sand is 60cm, institute
The thickness for stating powder soil horizon is 55cm, and the silt in the powder soil horizon is mixed by fine sand and clay according to 2: 1 ratio.Specifically
, in the substrate topography control system in model casing, substrate buried hill, the long 2.8m in substrate buried hill, width 1.8m, height can be preset
0.8m, it is interior to use clay filled, to ensure water proof.It is laid with the argillic horizon of 20cm from bottom to top in model casing, the layer of sand of 60cm,
The powder soil horizon of 55cm.Layer of sand spreads mica sheet with silt interlayer and does mark differentiation.Soil body surface layer is laid with platelets.
In the present embodiment, the distribution type fiber-optic of the monitoring instrument point is vertical, is laterally laid with, including four layers of level
Distribution type fiber-optic and 12 vertical distribution type fiber-optics.In the present embodiment, polyurethane straining and sensing optical cable may be used, estimate light
Cable length：200m.
In the interface of the argillic horizon and the layer of sand, first layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber is laid, and is equipped with and institute
State liquid level gauge, displacement meter and the pressure-measuring pipe of the connection of first layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber.Argillic horizon in the present embodiment and layer of sand,
Using estimating earth volume：Clay 7m3, fine sand 7.5m3.
In the middle part of the layer of sand, second layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber is laid, and be equipped with and the second layer horizontal distribution
Liquid level gauge, displacement meter, thermometer and at least five PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors of formula optical fiber connection.
It in the interface of the layer of sand and the powder soil horizon and is used for below the mica sheet of mark, lays third layer level point
Cloth optical fiber, and the thermometer being connect with the third layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, displacement meter and at least five PR2 soil are installed
Earth section moisture transducer.In the middle part of the powder soil horizon, the 4th layer of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber is laid, and be equipped with and the described 4th
The displacement meter and at least five PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors of layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber connection.Specifically, in the present embodiment
The sensor of use specifically includes：The miniature displacement meter of fiber grating liquid level meter, fiber grating, optical fiber grating temperature meter, PR2 soil
Section moisture transducer, pressure-measuring pipe etc..Wherein, fiber grating be also known as fiber bragg grating (Fiber Bragg Grating,
FBG)。
Such as：The laying mode of monitoring instrument in the present embodiment is referred to as shown in Figure 3-4, wherein distribution type fiber-optic
Divide vertical, laterally laying, totally 12 vertical distribution type fiber-optics, 4 layers of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber fix glass using postfixed point mode
Piece.Postfixed point refers to that model carries out dispensing fixed point in landfill, added with machine sheet glass.Wherein, as shown in Figure 5, at 20cm
(interface of argillic horizon and layer of sand) lays first layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, liquid level gauge, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe；Such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show, at 50cm (in the middle part of layer of sand), lays second layer distribution type fiber-optic, liquid level gauge, displacement meter, thermometer；As shown in Figure 7
, at 80cm (interface of layer of sand and powder soil horizon, mica label layer under), lay third layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, temperature
Degree meter, displacement meter；As shown in Figure 8, at 110cm (in the middle part of powder soil horizon), lay the 4th layer of optical fiber, displacement meter.Setting 5
PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors, test the soil moisture content of 20-140cm.
Wherein, specific experiment execution flow includes：
Each vertex, intake-outlet are pinpointed and are recorded into computer equipment, wherein in mould by practical measurement model case specification
Each position line and infrared mark are marked on molding box, so as to sensing equipment Scan orientation point；
Clay is poured inside buried hill to fill and tamp, wherein buried hill outer layer coagulating cement earth forming, ensure buried hill table
Stiffness layer.
Every 5~10cm of landfill that bankets needs to be compacted.It reaches design position and lays respective sensor.After every layer is banketed,
Test optical fibre cables transducing signal quality.Quality testing is carried out to all fiber-optic signals etc. after completing entire model landfill.Because silt is
Clay is mixed with fine sand, and upper layer silt is powdered filling, so then soaking per 5~10cm of landfill compactings；
It connects optical fiber and marks optical fiber number, and detect each access light loss situation；
After model landfill, about one week can be stood, and amesdial is installed before experiment；
The step of repeating watering, evaporation to model surface, makes surface layer form crust layer, reads amesdial reading, computer
Equipment record cast surface settlement amount；
Model both ends inlet valve is opened, each watermeter flowing rate is recorded.Each layer soil is set to satisfy water, water-bearing layer reaches artesian condition, closes
Inlet valve is closed, a couple of days need to be stood.Amesdial reading is read, record cast surface settlement amount acquires each sensing data, until
Stabilization.During this, it can take pictures to surface condition by experimenter or by computer control camera；Again
Model bottom water discharging valve is opened, each watermeter flowing rate is recorded.Water-bearing layer is set slowly to release water, until drainage of the monitoring less than displacement
State reads amesdial reading, and record cast surface settlement amount acquires each sensing data, until stabilization.To surface feelings
Condition is taken pictures；And the process is repeated, until there is crack in model surface.
The experimental system of large size ground fissure physical model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, is realized by experimental simulation device
It studies under water pumping conditions, the settlement difference of different-thickness water-bearing layer and its top plate aquiclude is tested；With research aquiclude pumping
Soil consolidation settlement law under water condition；With study and monitor ground fissure mineralizing evolution process；With research fluctuating substrate is over the ground
The influence that crack generates；With more monitoring modes that water deformation parameter is released in research aquiclude, water-bearing layer obtain.The present embodiment institute
The operation logic of the experimental system of offer is：Underground depth stratum total stress σ is equal to effective stressAnd pore water pressure
The sum of power u, i.e.,：Uplift pressure reduces between pore water pressure declines particle after drawing water, but due to native in pump process
The total stress of layer is held essentially constant, therefore effective stress is caused to increase, soil layer densification, vertical deviation with level of ground water reduction
And gradually increase.Due to being influenced by buried hills, soil thickness is formed about mutation in buried hill, and soil body Differential Compression causes
Earth's surface forms crack.This experimental simulation leads to ground fissure under the conditions of exploiting groundwater in buried hills position difference stratigraphic compression
Develop the physical model of extension.To realize through experimental simulation, under the conditions of exploiting groundwater, study in buried hills portion
Position stratum Differential Compression leads to the physical model that Ground Fractures ' Development extends.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Point just to refer each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for equipment reality
For applying example, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so describing fairly simple, related place is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the variation that can readily occur in or replaces
It changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claim
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of experimental system of large size ground fissure physical model, which is characterized in that including：Model casing, support frame system, into
Water system, drainage system and substrate topography control system；
The model casing is welded by organic glass to be made；
The support frame system includes frame, hard support and jack, and the frame is fixedly mounted on the outer of the model casing
Surface, the hard support are metal framework structure, and covering is mounted on the outer surface of the model casing, and the jack is for adjusting
The pedestal of the horizontality at the model casing bottom, the jack disposes on the ground, and the weight lifting bar contact of the jack
The chassis of the metal framework structure；
The water inlet system includes the water inlet being arranged at the model casing both ends, wherein each water inlet in every one end
Upper installation water measuring instrument and water valve；
The drainage system includes the discharge outlet being arranged in the model casing bottom, and water amount is installed in each discharge outlet
Survey instrument and water valve；
The substrate topography control system includes：The soil layer being laid in the model casing, and the prison that is arranged in the soil layer
Survey instrument；Wherein, supreme from the model casing bottom, the soil layer includes：Argillic horizon, layer of sand, powder soil horizon and platelets, and
Mica sheet of the setting for mark between the soil layer；The monitoring instrument by be arranged in layers distribution type fiber-optic, liquid level
Meter, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe and thermometer composition；
The distribution type fiber-optic of the monitoring instrument point is vertical, is laterally laid with, including four layers of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber and 12
Vertical distribution type fiber-optic；
In the interface of the argillic horizon and the layer of sand, first layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber is laid, and is equipped with and described the
Liquid level gauge, displacement meter and the pressure-measuring pipe of one layer of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber connection；
In the middle part of the layer of sand, second layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber is laid, and be equipped with and the second layer horizontal distribution formula light
Liquid level gauge, displacement meter, thermometer and at least five PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors of fibre connection；
It in the interface of the layer of sand and the powder soil horizon and is used for below the mica sheet of mark, lays third layer horizontal distribution formula
Optical fiber, and the thermometer, displacement meter and at least five PR2 soil being connect with the third layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber are installed and cutd open
Face moisture transducer；
In the middle part of the powder soil horizon, the 4th layer of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber is laid, and be equipped with and the 4th layer of horizontal distribution formula
The displacement meter and at least five PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors of optical fiber connection；
The surrounding boundary of the model casing is babinet and bottom boundary is argillic horizon, and as water proof boundary；
The water inlet and discharge outlet of the model casing are generalized as water filling gang of wells and the gang of wells that draws water.
2. experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the thickness for forming the organic glass of the model casing is
25mm；
The length 4.8m of the model casing, width 1.8m are highly 1.5m.
3. experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that on each water inlet in the water inlet system
Water measuring instrument and water valve are installed；
Alternatively, the water inlet respectively held is separately connected respective water inlet manifold, and water measurement is installed on the water inlet manifold
Instrument and water valve.
4. experimental system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that in one end of the model casing：
Be evenly distributed the water inlet in rectangular area including 12；
The minimum range of inner bottom surface of the water inlet apart from the model casing is 0.17m, and the internal face of distance model case is most
Small distance is 0.3m；
Minimum spacing between each water inlet is 0.32m, and maximum spacing is 0.6m.
5. experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the drainage system is evenly distributed including 10
Discharge outlet in rectangular area；
The minimum range of internal face of the discharge outlet apart from the model casing is 0.45m, maximum distance 0.48m；
Minimum spacing between each discharge outlet is 0.9m, and maximum spacing is 0.96m.
6. experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the thickness of the argillic horizon is 20cm, the layer of sand
Thickness be 60cm, the thickness of the powder soil horizon is 55cm, and the silt in the powder soil horizon is by fine sand and clay according to 2:1 ratio
Example is mixed.
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| CN106769400A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州科技大学 | Ground fissure place shake table model and bridge response to forced vibration method |
| CN108267564B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2023-10-03 | 长安大学 | Simulated ground crack expansion device and application method thereof |
| CN108535451B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2023-05-02 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Box culvert type subway station and ground crack crossing experiment system and method for adjacent surface structures |
| CN109709308B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-01-08 | 南京大学 | Water-mining type ground crack physical model test device and test method |
| CN110954680B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-03-04 | 长安大学 | A ground fissure test device and method for simulating fault dislocation and groundwater changes |
| CN112415175B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-01-06 | 中国路桥工程有限责任公司 | Physical model test device for ground fissure |
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