CN106018257B - A kind of soil drifting erodable test method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil wind erosion erodibility test method, which adopts a system including a test wind tunnel, and the test wind tunnel includes a fan section, a transition section, a rectification section, a contraction section, a test section, a diffusion section, and a fan section arranged in sequence. A fan is installed inside, a motor is installed on the front side of the fan section, the fan is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and a damping net and a honeycomb are installed in the rectification section; it also includes a control computer, a wind speed sensor, a dust detector, a controller and a frequency converter ; Its test method comprises steps: 1, parameter setting, 2, test dust flux background value, 3, place tested soil, 4, soil wind erosion simulation test and data collection, 5, draw the wind erosion erodibility characteristic of tested soil Curve, 6. Calculate the wind erosion erodibility characteristic parameters of the tested soil. The invention is easy to realize, has high degree of automation, can more accurately and comprehensively reflect the sensitivity of soil wind erosion to different wind speeds, has strong practicability, and is convenient for popularization and use.

Description

A kind of soil wind erosion erodibility testing method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil characteristic measurement and characterization, and in particular relates to a soil wind erosion erodibility test method.

Background technique

Soil wind erosion refers to a series of processes in which soil particles or sand particles are separated from the surface under the impact of airflow, and are transported and accumulated. Soil wind erosion erodibility is the sensitivity of soil to the impact of airflow, which determines the difficulty of wind erosion. Soil wind erosion erodibility is controlled by soil physical and chemical properties such as soil moisture, aggregates, soil crust, and surface roughness. Soil wind erosion erodibility is an important content of wind erosion research. A full understanding of the change law of soil wind erosion erosion is the basis for effective implementation of wind erosion control measures, reducing soil wind erosion erosion, preventing wind erosion, and reducing wind and sand disasters. At the same time, accurate monitoring of soil wind erosion erodibility is also the guarantee for wind erosion forecast and wind erosion risk assessment.

At present, the methods that can be used to measure and evaluate the wind erosion erodibility of soil mainly include:

1. Determination of soil properties: refers to selecting one of the influencing factors of wind erosion erodibility such as aggregate particle size distribution, aggregate stability, surface roughness, surface crust rate, crust strength, erodible particles, and soil moisture. Evaluation index, which is measured to evaluate soil wind erosion erodibility. Due to the complexity of soil erodibility, the selection of a certain influencing factor cannot fully reflect the soil erodibility in the process of wind erosion, especially the decisive factors are not the same under different conditions. Therefore, this method cannot accurately evaluate soil wind erosion erodibility.

2. Simulation test measurement method: use the airflow generated by wind tunnel and other facilities to blow and erode the soil, and evaluate the wind erosion erodibility of the soil by monitoring the amount of eroded soil under control conditions. In this method, by setting different wind speeds (such as 2m/s, 5m/s, 10m/s, 20m/s, etc.), the soil is continuously eroded for a period of time (such as 10min, 20min, 30min, etc.). The sand instrument collects the sand and dust produced by wind erosion, weighs it after the test, obtains the amount of soil wind erosion, and then calculates the soil wind erosion intensity. Therefore, this method cannot well reflect the dynamics and continuity of wind erosion erodibility.

Due to the deficiencies in the above two aspects, the accuracy of soil wind erosion erodibility evaluation has been affected to a certain extent. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a measurement method that is simple, practical, highly operable, and can fully reflect the wind erosion erodibility of soil.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wind-erodable soil with simple structure, novel and reasonable design, convenient implementation, high degree of automation, strong practicability, good use effect, and easy popularization and use in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. gender testing system.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a soil wind erosion erodibility testing system, comprising a test wind tunnel, and the test wind tunnel includes a fan section, a transition section, a rectification section, a contraction section, The test section and the diffusion section, the fan section is provided with a fan, the front side of the fan section is provided with a motor for driving the fan to rotate, the fan is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor, and the rectification section is provided with a damping net and a honeycomb; it is characterized in that: it also includes a control computer, a wind speed sensor, a dust detector, a controller and a frequency converter, the wind speed sensor is arranged at the head end of the test section, and the detection point of the dust detector is arranged at the end of the test section At the tail end, the frequency converter is connected to the controller, the motor is connected to the frequency converter, and the controller is connected to the control computer through a communication module.

The above-mentioned soil wind erosion erodibility test system is characterized in that: the dust detector is a model DUSTTRAK II 8533 dust detector produced by TSI Company of the United States.

The above-mentioned soil wind erosion erodibility testing system is characterized in that: the controller is a programmable logic controller.

The above-mentioned soil wind erosion erodibility test system is characterized in that: the frequency converter is a Schneider ATV312 frequency converter.

The above-mentioned soil wind erosion erodibility testing system is characterized in that: the communication module is a serial-to-Ethernet communication module.

The present invention also provides a method for testing soil wind erosion erodibility with simple method steps, convenient implementation, high degree of automation, and the ability to more accurately and comprehensively reflect the sensitivity of soil wind erosion to different wind speeds. It is characterized in that the method includes the following step:

Step 1, parameter setting: operate the control computer, set the maximum test wind speed v _max and the dust flux threshold coefficient k;

Step 2. Test the background value of the dust flux. The specific process is:

Step 201, the controller performs frequency conversion and speed regulation on the motor through the frequency converter, and the motor drives the fan to rotate, so that the wind speed in the test section increases from 0 with the wind speed step Δv, and each wind speed lasts for 1 until the wind speed increases to reach or exceed the maximum Test wind speed v _max ; at each wind speed, the wind speed sensor detects the wind speed at the head end of the test section in real time to obtain the actual wind speed, and the dust detector detects the dust concentration at the end of the test section in real time to obtain the dust concentration. The measured wind speed and dust concentration are periodically sampled, and the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by sampling are transmitted to the control computer, and the control computer stores the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by each sampling;

Step 202, control computer according to the formula Calculate the dust flux background value f _0,i corresponding to the i-th wind speed v _i in the current test environment, where c _i,r is the dust concentration obtained from the r-th sampling at the i-th wind speed v _i , v _{i, r} is the actual measured wind speed obtained from the rth sampling at the ith wind speed v _i , the value of r is a natural number from 1 to h, and h is the measured wind speed and dust concentration at the ith wind speed v _i by the controller in step 201 The total number of sampling times for periodic sampling and the value is a natural number greater than 1, the value of i is a natural number from 1 to n, and n is the value of the quotient of the maximum test wind speed v _max divided by the wind speed step size Δv and rounded to an integer;

Step 3. Place the soil to be tested: place the test soil tank containing the soil to be tested in the middle of the test section;

Step 4. Soil wind erosion simulation test and data collection: the controller controls the frequency and speed of the motor through the frequency converter, and the motor drives the fan to rotate, so that the wind speed in the test section gradually increases from 0 to the wind speed step Δv, so that the air blowing erosion is tested The soil produces dust; during the process of wind speed increasing, the wind speed sensor detects the wind speed at the head end of the test section in real time to obtain the actual wind speed, and the dust detector detects the dust concentration at the end of the test section in real time to obtain the dust concentration; every time the wind speed increases by Δv, the controller The measured wind speed and dust concentration are periodically sampled, and the dust flux is calculated according to the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by each sampling, and the calculated dust flux is compared with the dust flux calculated according to the background value of the dust flux corresponding to the wind speed. When the calculated dust flux is less than the dust flux threshold, the wind speed will continue to increase with the wind speed step Δv after the maintenance time l; when the calculated dust flux is greater than or equal to the dust flux threshold, the wind speed Maintain the current wind speed and continue to blow and erode the tested soil until the calculated dust flux is less than the dust flux threshold again, and the wind speed continues to increase with the wind speed step Δv; until the wind speed increases to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max ; where , when the wind speed increases to the i-th wind speed v _i , the controller calculates the dust flux f _{i,j based on the measured wind speed v i,j} and dust concentration c _{i,j obtained} from the j-th sampling. The calculation formula used is f _{i ,j} ＝ci _,j ·v _i,j , j is the number of sampling and the value is a natural number from 1 to m, and m is the periodical sampling rate of the measured wind speed and dust concentration under the i-th wind speed v _i by the controller The total number of sampling times and the value is a natural number greater than 1; when the wind speed increases to the i-th wind speed v _i , the dust flux threshold f _i calculated by the controller according to the dust flux background value corresponding to the wind speed adopts the computer formula f _i =k·f _0,i ; at the same time, the controller transmits the time of each sampling, the measured wind speed obtained by each sampling, the dust concentration obtained by each sampling and the maintenance time of each wind speed to the control computer, and the control computer The time of sampling, the measured wind speed obtained by each sampling, the dust concentration obtained by each sampling and the maintenance time of each wind speed are stored;

Step 5, drawing the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of the tested soil: the control computer takes time t as the abscissa, and the wind speed v as the ordinate to establish a rectangular coordinate system, and stores the time of each sampling and the time of each sampling in step 4 The points corresponding to the obtained measured wind speed are drawn in the Cartesian coordinate system, and then connected to each point drawn in the Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of the tested soil;

Step 6. Calculate the wind erosion erodibility characteristic parameters of the tested soil, the specific process is:

Step 601, the control computer determines the wind speed when the dust flux stored in step 4 is greater than or equal to the dust flux threshold for the first time as the wind erosion start wind speed;

Step 602, the control computer accumulates the maintenance time of each wind speed stored in step 4 to obtain the time D for the wind speed to increase from 0 to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max , and judge the wind erosion erodibility of the soil according to D, the value of D The larger the value, the higher the wind erosion erodibility of the soil.

Above-mentioned method is characterized in that: also comprise step 603 after step 602, described control computer also according to formula The wind erosion intensity Q of the tested soil is calculated, where S _{test section} is the cross-sectional area of the test section, and S _soil is the exposed area of the tested soil.

The above-mentioned method is characterized in that: in step 1, the value of v _max is 15m/s-30m/s.

The above-mentioned method is characterized in that: the value of k in step 1 is 2-10.

The above-mentioned method is characterized in that the wind speed step size Δv in step 201 and step 4 takes a value of 1 m/s˜3 m/s.

The above-mentioned method is characterized in that the value of l in step 201 and step 4 is 5s-30s.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The soil wind erosion erodibility test system of the present invention has simple structure, novel and reasonable design, and is convenient to realize.

2. After the parameters are set in the test process of the wind erosion erodibility test of the present invention, no manual adjustment is required, and the test of the wind erosion erodibility of the soil can be automatically completed, which improves the automation of the test process and can be completed at one time under different wind speeds. Soil wind erosion test.

3. The test wind speed of the present invention can be continuously changed during the test process, and can more accurately reflect the response of soil wind erosion to changes in wind speed.

4. The present invention can draw the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of the soil, which can comprehensively reflect the sensitivity of the soil to different wind speeds during the wind erosion process.

5. The method steps of the soil wind erosion erodibility test method of the present invention are simple, easy to implement, and can obtain wind erosion starting wind speed, wind speed increasing from 0 to the time of reaching or exceeding the maximum test wind speed, and three parameters of the wind erosion intensity of the tested soil, Then quantitatively evaluate the wind erosion erodibility of soil.

6. The present invention has strong practicability, good application effect, and is convenient for popularization and use.

In summary, the present invention is novel and reasonable in design, convenient in implementation, high in automation, can more accurately and comprehensively reflect the sensitivity of soil wind erosion to different wind speeds, has strong practicability, good use effect, and is easy to popularize and use.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil wind erosion erodibility testing system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a circuit connection block diagram of the controller and other components of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method for testing soil wind erosion erodibility of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of the tested soil drawn by the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

1—wind tunnel; 1-1—fan section; 1-2—transition section;

1-3—rectification section; 1-4—constriction section; 1-5—test section;

1-6—diffusion section; 1-7—fan; 1-8—motor;

1-9—damping net; 1-10—honeycomb; 2—control computer;

3—wind speed sensor; 4—dust detector; 5—controller;

6—inverter; 7—communication module.

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, soil wind erosion erodibility testing system of the present invention comprises test wind tunnel 1, and described test wind tunnel 1 comprises fan section 1-1, transition section 1-2, rectifying section that are arranged in sequence 1-3, contraction section 1-4, test section 1-5 and diffusion section 1-6, the fan section 1-1 is provided with a fan 1-7, and the front side of the fan section 1-1 is provided with a The fan 1-7 rotates the motor 1-8, the fan 1-7 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 1-8, and the rectification section 1-3 is provided with a damping net 1-9 and a honeycomb 1-10; It also includes a control computer 2, a wind speed sensor 3, a dust detector 4, a controller 5 and a frequency converter 6, the wind speed sensor 3 is arranged at the head end of the test section 1-5, and the detection point of the dust detector 4 is set at the test At the end of section 1-5, the frequency converter 6 is connected to the controller 5, the motors 1-8 are connected to the frequency converter 6, and the controller 5 is connected to the control computer 2 through the communication module 7.

In this embodiment, the dust detector 4 is a model DUSTTRAK II 8533 dust detector manufactured by TSI Corporation of the United States.

In this embodiment, the controller 5 is a programmable logic controller.

In this embodiment, the frequency converter 6 is a Schneider ATV312 frequency converter.

In this embodiment, the communication module 7 is a serial-to-Ethernet communication module.

As shown in Figure 3, soil wind erosion erodibility test method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step 1, parameter setting: operate the control computer 2, set the maximum test wind speed v _max and the dust flux threshold coefficient k;

Among them, the unit of the maximum test wind speed v _max is m/s;

Step 2. Test the background value of the dust flux. The specific process is:

Step 201, the controller 5 performs frequency conversion and speed regulation on the motors 1-8 through the frequency converter 6, and the motors 1-8 drive the fans 1-7 to rotate, so that the wind speed of the test section 1-5 increases from 0 with the wind speed step Δv, each The duration of the wind speed is l, until the wind speed increases to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max ; at each wind speed, the wind speed sensor 3 detects the wind speed at the head end of the test section 1-5 in real time to obtain the measured wind speed, and the dust detector 4 pairs with the test section The dust concentration at the end of 1-5 is detected in real time to obtain the dust concentration, and the controller 5 periodically samples the measured wind speed and dust concentration at each wind speed, and transmits the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by sampling to the control computer 2, and controls Computer 2 stores the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by each sampling;

Among them, the unit of wind speed step Δv is m/s;

Step 202, control computer 2 according to the formula Calculate the dust flux background value f _0,i (unit: mg/m ² ·s) corresponding to the i-th wind speed v _i in the current test environment, where c _i,r is the r-th wind speed v _i at the i-th wind speed v i The dust concentration obtained by the second sampling, the unit of v _i is m/s, the unit of c _i,r is mg/m ³ , v _i,r is the measured wind speed obtained by the rth sampling at the ith wind speed v _i , v _i, The unit of _r is m/s, and the value of r is a natural number from 1 to h. In step 201, h is the total number of sampling times that the controller 5 performs periodic sampling on the measured wind speed and dust concentration at the ith wind speed v _i and takes The value is a natural number greater than 1, the value of i is a natural number from 1 to n, and n is the value of the quotient of the maximum test wind speed v _max divided by the wind speed step size Δv and rounded to an integer;

Step 3. Place the soil to be tested: place the test soil tank containing the soil to be tested in the middle of the test section 1-5;

Step 4. Soil wind erosion simulation test and data collection: The controller 5 performs frequency conversion and speed regulation on the motors 1-8 through the frequency converter 6, and the motors 1-8 drive the fans 1-7 to rotate, so that the wind speed of the test section 1-5 changes from 0 to The wind speed step size Δv begins to increase gradually, so that the airflow blows and erodes the tested soil to generate dust; during the wind speed increasing process, the wind speed sensor 3 detects the wind speed at the head end of the test section 1-5 in real time to obtain the actual wind speed, and the dust detector 4 controls the test section 1. The dust concentration at the end of -5 is detected in real time to obtain the dust concentration; every time the wind speed increases by Δv, the controller 5 periodically samples the measured wind speed and dust concentration, and calculates the dust flux according to the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by each sampling, And compare the calculated dust flux with the dust flux threshold calculated according to the dust flux background value corresponding to the wind speed. Increase with the wind speed step Δv; when the calculated dust flux is greater than or equal to the dust flux threshold, the wind speed is maintained at the current wind speed and continues to blow and erode the tested soil. As the blowing erosion progresses, the tested soil surface is moved by the current wind speed Dust particles decrease, which in turn causes dust flux to decrease until the calculated dust flux is less than the dust flux threshold again, and the wind speed continues to increase with the wind speed step Δv; until the wind speed increases to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max ; where , when the wind speed increases to the i-th wind speed v _{i ,} the controller 5 calculates the dust flux f i _{, j} (unit is mg/m ² ·s) The calculation formula adopted is f _i,j =ci _,j ·v _i,j , j is the number of sampling and the value is a natural number from 1 to m, m is the controller 5 for the ith wind speed v _i The actual measured wind speed and dust concentration under the total sampling times of periodic sampling and the value is a natural number greater than 1; when the wind speed increases to the i-th wind speed v _i , the controller 5 calculates according to the background value of the dust flux corresponding to the wind speed The dust flux threshold f _i (unit: mg/m ² ·s) adopts the computer formula f _i =k·f _0,i ; at the same time, the controller 5 calculates the time of each sampling, the actual measured value of each sampling The wind speed, the dust concentration obtained by each sampling and the maintenance time of each wind speed are transmitted to the control computer 2. maintain time for storage;

Step 5, draw the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of tested soil: control computer 2 takes time t as abscissa, wind speed v as ordinate to establish a rectangular coordinate system, and store the time of each sampling in step 4 and each time The points corresponding to the measured wind speed obtained by sampling are drawn in the Cartesian coordinate system, and then connected to each point drawn in the Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of the tested soil;

Step 6. Calculate the wind erosion erodibility characteristic parameters of the tested soil, the specific process is:

Step 601, the control computer 2 determines the wind speed when the dust flux stored in step 4 is greater than or equal to the dust flux threshold for the first time as the wind erosion start wind speed;

Step 602, the control computer 2 accumulates the maintenance time of each wind speed stored in step 4 to obtain the time D for the wind speed to increase from 0 to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max , and judge the wind erosion erodibility of the soil according to D, D The larger the value, the higher the wind erodibility of the soil.

In this embodiment, after step 602, step 603 is also included, and the control computer 2 also according to the formula The wind erosion intensity Q (unit: mg/m ² ·s) of the tested soil is calculated, wherein, the S _{test section} is the cross-sectional area of the test section 1-5, and the S _soil is the exposed area of the tested soil.

In this embodiment, the value of v _max mentioned in step 1 is 15m/s˜30m/s.

In this embodiment, the value of k in step 1 is 2-10.

In this embodiment, the value of the wind speed step Δv in step 201 and step 4 is 1 m/s˜3 m/s.

In this embodiment, the value of l in step 201 and step 4 is 5s-30s.

In order to verify the effect that the present invention can produce, the test of steps 1 to 6 was carried out with the farmland soil sampled in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province as the tested soil, wherein the maximum test wind speed v _max set in step 1 was 20m/s, and in step 1 The set dust flux threshold coefficient k is 5; the value of step Δv of wind speed in step 201 and step 4 is 2m/s, the value of l in step 201 and step 4 is 10s, and in step 201, controller 5 controls each The sampling cycle of the periodic sampling of the measured wind speed and dust concentration under a wind speed is 1s, and the wind speed in step 4 is every incremental Δv, and the sampling cycle of the periodic sampling of the measured wind speed and dust concentration by the controller 5 is 1s; The wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of the tested soil obtained is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen from Figure 4 that when the wind speed increases to 2m/s, 4m/s, 10m/s, and 18m/s, the dust flux All are less than the dust flux threshold, and the maintenance time of these wind speeds is 10s; when the wind speed increases to 6m/s, 8m/s, 12m/s, 14m/s, 16m/s, the dust flux is greater than or equal to the dust flux Threshold, the maintenance time of these wind speeds is 18s, 15s, 14s, 30s, 14s respectively, when the wind speed increases to 20m/s, has reached the maximum test wind speed _vmax ; the controller 5 stops the motor 1-8 through the frequency converter 6 Carry out frequency conversion speed regulation and stop the test. The wind erosion starting wind speed determined in step 601 is 6m/s, the wind speed obtained in step 602 increases from 0 to the value of the time D that reaches or exceeds the maximum test wind speed v _max is 132s, and the tested soil calculated in step 603 The wind erosion intensity Q is 5.372mg/m ² ·s. The whole test process is simple, convenient and quick, and the calculated wind erosion intensity is more accurate, which can well characterize the wind erosion erodibility of the soil zone.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. All simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still belong to the technical aspects of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the scheme.

Claims (9)

1. a soil wind erosion erodibility testing method, the system that it adopts comprises test wind tunnel (1), and described test wind tunnel (1) comprises fan section (1-1), transition section (1-2) that is arranged successively ), rectification section (1-3), contraction section (1-4), test section (1-5) and diffusion section (1-6), the fan section (1-1) is provided with a fan (1- 7), the front side of the fan section (1-1) is provided with a motor (1-8) for driving the fan (1-7) to rotate, and the output of the fan (1-7) and the motor (1-8) The shaft is fixedly connected, and the rectification section (1-3) is provided with a damping net (1-9) and a honeycomb (1-10); it is characterized in that it also includes a control computer (2), a wind speed sensor (3), A dust detector (4), a controller (5) and a frequency converter (6), the wind speed sensor (3) is arranged at the head end of the test section (1-5), and the detection point of the dust detector (4) is set At the end of the test section (1-5), the frequency converter (6) is connected to the controller (5), the motor (1-8) is connected to the frequency converter (6), and the controller (5) Be connected with control computer (2) by communication module (7); It is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps: Step 1, parameter setting: operate the control computer (2), set the maximum test wind speed v _max and the dust flux threshold coefficient k; Step 2. Test the background value of the dust flux. The specific process is: Step 201, the controller (5) performs frequency conversion and speed regulation on the motor (1-8) through the frequency converter (6), and the motor (1-8) drives the fan (1-7) to rotate, so that the test section (1-5) The wind speed increases from 0 with the wind speed step Δv, and each wind speed lasts for 1 until the wind speed increases to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max ; at each wind speed, the wind speed sensor (3) first checks the test section (1-5) The wind speed at the end is detected in real time to obtain the measured wind speed. The dust detector (4) detects the dust concentration at the end of the test section (1-5) in real time to obtain the dust concentration. Perform periodic sampling, and transmit the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by sampling to the control computer (2), and the control computer (2) stores the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by each sampling; Step 202, control computer (2) according to the formula Calculate the dust flux background value f _0,i corresponding to the i-th wind speed v _i in the current test environment, where c _i,r is the dust concentration obtained from the r-th sampling at the i-th wind speed v _i , v _{i, r} is the measured wind speed obtained by the rth sampling at the i-th wind speed v _i , the value of r is a natural number from 1 to h, and h is the measured wind speed of the i-th wind speed v _i by the controller (5) in step 201 The total number of sampling times for periodic sampling with the dust concentration and the value is a natural number greater than 1, and the value of i is a natural number from 1 to n, where n is the quotient of the maximum test wind speed v _max divided by the wind speed step size Δv and rounded to an integer value; Step 3, placing the soil to be tested: place the test soil tank containing the soil to be tested at the middle position in the test section (1-5); Step 4, soil wind erosion simulation test and data collection: the controller (5) performs frequency conversion and speed regulation to the motor (1-8) through the frequency converter (6), and the motor (1-8) drives the fan (1-7) to rotate, so that The wind speed of the test section (1-5) gradually increases from 0 to the wind speed step size Δv, so that the airflow blows and erodes the soil to be tested to generate dust; The wind speed is detected in real time to obtain the measured wind speed, and the dust detector (4) detects the dust concentration at the end of the test section (1-5) in real time to obtain the dust concentration; for each increment of the wind speed by Δv, the controller (5) checks the measured wind speed and the dust concentration Carry out periodic sampling, calculate the dust flux according to the measured wind speed and dust concentration obtained by each sampling, and compare the calculated dust flux with the dust flux threshold calculated according to the dust flux background value corresponding to the wind speed , when the calculated dust flux is less than the dust flux threshold, the wind speed will continue to increase with the wind speed step Δv after the maintenance time l; when the calculated dust flux is greater than or equal to the dust flux threshold, the wind speed will be maintained at the current wind speed and continue Blow and erode the tested soil until the calculated dust flux is less than the dust flux threshold again, the wind speed continues to increase with the wind speed step Δv; until the wind speed increases to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max ; where, the wind speed increases to the second At the i wind speed v _i , the controller (5) calculates the dust flux _{f i,j based on the measured wind speed v i,j} and the dust concentration c _{i,j obtained} from the jth sampling. The calculation formula used is f _i,j = c _i,j ·v _i,j , j is the sampling frequency and is a natural number ranging from 1 to m, and m is the controller (5) periodically sampling the measured wind speed and dust concentration at the ith wind speed v _i The total number of sampling times and the value is a natural number greater than 1; when the wind speed increases to the i-th wind speed v _i , the dust flux threshold f _i calculated by the controller (5) according to the dust flux background value corresponding to the wind speed adopts The computer formula is f _i =k·f _0,i ; meanwhile, the controller (5) transmits the time of each sampling, the measured wind speed obtained by each sampling, the dust concentration obtained by each sampling and the maintenance time of each wind speed to The control computer (2), the control computer (2) stores the time of each sampling, the measured wind speed obtained by each sampling, the dust concentration obtained by each sampling and the maintenance time of each wind speed; Step 5, draw the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of tested soil: control computer (2) takes time t as abscissa, wind speed v as ordinate to establish a rectangular coordinate system, and store the time and sampling time of each sampling in step 4 The points corresponding to the measured wind speed obtained by each sampling are drawn in the Cartesian coordinate system, and then connected to each point drawn in the Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the wind erosion erodibility characteristic curve of the tested soil; Step 6. Calculate the wind erosion erodibility characteristic parameters of the tested soil, the specific process is: Step 601, the control computer (2) determines the wind speed when the dust flux stored in step 4 is greater than or equal to the dust flux threshold for the first time as the wind erosion start wind speed; Step 602, the control computer (2) accumulates the maintenance time of each wind speed stored in step 4 to obtain the time D for the wind speed to increase from 0 to reach or exceed the maximum test wind speed v _max , and judge the wind erosion erodibility of the soil according to D , the larger the D value, the higher the wind erosion erodibility of the soil. 2. according to a kind of soil wind erosion erodibility testing method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dust detector (4) is the dust detector that the model that American TSI company produces is DUSTTRAK II 8533. 3. The method for testing soil wind erosion erodibility according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller (5) is a programmable logic controller. 4. A soil wind erosion erodibility testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the frequency converter (6) is a Schneider ATV312 frequency converter. 5. The method for testing soil wind erosion erodibility according to claim 1, characterized in that: the communication module (7) is a serial-to-Ethernet communication module. 6. according to a kind of soil wind erosion erodibility test method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after step 602, also comprise step 603, described control computer (2) also according to formula The wind erosion intensity Q of the tested soil is calculated, wherein, the S _{test section} is the cross-sectional area of the test section (1-5), and the S _soil is the exposed area of the tested soil. 7. A soil wind erosion erodibility test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the value of v _max in step 1 is 15m/s-30m/s. 8 . The method for testing soil wind erosion erodibility according to claim 1 , wherein the value of k in step 1 is 2-10. 9. A soil wind erosion erodibility test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the value of the wind speed step size Δv in step 201 and step 4 is 1m/s～3m/s, step 201 and step 4 The value of l mentioned in step 4 is 5s-30s.