CN106014525A - Valve control adjusting mechanism and method and engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a valve control adjustment mechanism, an adjustment method and an engine, comprising a piston cylinder assembly, the array is distributed in the circumferential direction of the main shaft; a valve control device is connected with the main shaft, and the valve control device comprises A valve control flywheel and a flywheel mounting seat; a plurality of protrusions are arranged on the upper end surface of the valve control flywheel in the circumferential direction, and the protrusions are in contact with the valve assembly in the piston cylinder assembly; in this scheme, the main shaft drives the valve Control the rotation of the flywheel, and realize the opening and closing control of the valve assembly through the protrusion. The coaxial control of the opening and closing of the valve assembly is realized, which makes the adjustment of the valve lift and opening and closing timing very convenient. The valve lift and opening and closing timing can be adjusted in real time according to the working state of the engine to improve the intake and exhaust efficiency.

Description

Valve control adjustment mechanism, adjustment method and engine

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to a valve control adjustment mechanism, an adjustment method of the adjustment mechanism and an engine applying the above adjustment structure.

Background technique

At present, the camshaft valve control system is an essential part of most piston engines. The valve control system controls the cooperation between the valve and the cylinder assembly, and important parameters such as valve lift and opening and closing timing have a great impact on engine performance. . The traditional camshaft valve control system has the following disadvantages:

1. The traditional camshaft valve control system is bulky and complex in structure. Due to the limitation of the cylinder arrangement and the crankshaft structure, the traditional air distribution system and the crankshaft have different axes, and the air distribution system must be driven through a complex synchronous transmission mechanism, so that the air distribution system become complex and not compact.

2. The control cam of the traditional camshaft valve control system is integrated on the camshaft. One exhaust cylinder corresponds to one camshaft. When there are many cylinders, more cylinders are required, and multiple sets of camshafts and their drive systems are required, which has a huge structure.

3. In the traditional camshaft valve control system, the valve lift is determined by the size of the cam, and the opening and closing timing of the valve is determined by the synchronous belt drive. It is quite difficult to realize the dynamic adjustment of valve lift and valve opening and closing timing, but the valve lift and opening and closing timing have a great influence on the intake and exhaust efficiency of the engine.

In summary, the traditional camshaft valve control system needs to solve the following technical problems:

1. Simplify the transmission mechanism of the valve control mechanism, realize coaxial transmission as much as possible, and make the valve control mechanism more compact.

2. Reduce the number of valve control mechanisms and try to meet the requirements of multi-cylinder valve control.

3. Reduce the difficulty of adjusting the valve lift and valve opening and closing timing, so that the valve lift and opening and closing timing can be dynamically adjusted according to the engine working conditions.

Contents of the invention

Based on the above technical problems, the present invention provides a valve control adjustment mechanism, an adjustment method of the adjustment mechanism and an engine using the above adjustment structure, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

A valve control and adjustment mechanism disclosed in the present invention includes:

Piston cylinder assembly, the array is distributed in the circumferential direction of the main shaft;

A valve control device is connected to the main shaft, and the valve control device includes a valve control flywheel and a flywheel mounting seat connected through a rotary pair;

A plurality of protrusions are arranged in the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the valve control flywheel, and the protrusions abut against the valve assembly in the piston-cylinder assembly;

The main shaft drives the valve control flywheel to rotate, and the opening and closing control of the valve assembly is realized through the protrusion.

Further, the main shaft drives the valve control flywheel to rotate through a planetary gear train.

Further, the valve assembly includes intake valves, exhaust valves and springs, and the springs are respectively installed between the intake valves, exhaust valves and the casing to keep the intake valves and exhaust valves Normally closed under control.

Further, the plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals on the upper end surface of the valve control flywheel, and the protrusions are arranged in cooperation with the position of the valve assembly in each piston cylinder assembly to form two ring-shaped control tracks to control the valve assembly opening and closing.

Further, the flywheel mounting seat is cylindrical, its inner wall is connected to the valve control flywheel through a screw pair, and the outer wall of the flywheel mounting seat is provided with threads.

Further, it also includes a valve adjusting device, which is connected with the valve control device, and the valve adjusting device is used to adjust the lift of the valve control device, so as to adjust the lift and opening and closing timing of the valve assembly.

Further, the valve adjustment device includes a valve adjustment drive motor and a flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear;

The valve adjustment driving motor drives the flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear to rotate, and the flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the flywheel mounting seat through a screw pair to adjust the lifting of the flywheel mounting seat.

Further, the number of the piston and cylinder assemblies is an odd number.

An adjustment method according to the above-mentioned valve control adjustment mechanism, the adjustment method includes the following steps:

Step a, for the same cylinder, after the exhaust valve is opened, when the main shaft rotates 180 degrees, the valve control device drives the intake valve to open, and at the same time, the valve control device drives the exhaust valve to close;

Step b, when the main shaft rotates 180 degrees again, the valve control device drives the intake valve to close, and the exhaust valve remains closed;

Step c, when the main shaft rotates 360 degrees again, the valve control device drives the exhaust valve to open and enters the next cycle; so that after the main shaft rotates an angle of 720 degrees/total number of cylinders, the valve assembly works gradually at intervals .

Further, the transmission ratio between the main shaft and the valve control flywheel=total number of cylinders+1;

The quantity=(total number of cylinders+1)/2 that protrudes on each control track, the angle that each described projection occupies=180 degree/(number of cylinders+1), with the first projection as starting point, then Angle=720 degree/(number of cylinders+1) apart from last projection and previous projection.

An engine includes a machine body, a main shaft and the above-mentioned valve control and adjustment mechanism.

The valve control and adjustment mechanism of the present invention realizes the coaxial control of the opening and closing of the valve assembly through the valve control flywheel, and through the reasonable protrusion layout and the position of the main shaft and the cylinder piston, the power stroke of all cylinders is uniform in the main shaft rotation cycle The distribution is more compact in the whole space layout.

The adjustment method of the valve control and adjustment mechanism of the present invention reasonably sets the number of protrusions and pistons and the transmission ratio between the main shaft and the valve control flywheel, and adjusts the opening and closing timing of each valve by using the angular relationship set between the main shaft and each valve assembly , to ensure that each valve assembly works gradually at intervals.

The engine provided by the present invention adopts the valve control and adjustment mechanism to make the adjustment of the valve lift and opening and closing timing more convenient, and the valve lift can be adjusted in real time according to the engine working status by synchronously adjusting the lift of the valve control flywheel according to the engine working status And opening and closing timing, improve intake and exhaust efficiency.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art.

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a C-C cross-sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a D-D direction sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of valve control flywheel;

Figure 5 is a valve control timing diagram;

Figure 6 is a layout diagram of the protrusions on the valve control flywheel.

Reference signs:

1-body; 2-piston cylinder assembly; 3-spindle; 4-valve control device; 5-valve adjustment device; 6-planetary gear train; 21-valve assembly; 41-valve control flywheel; 42-flywheel mounting seat; 51 - valve adjustment drive motor; 52 - flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear; 211 - intake valve; 212 - exhaust valve; 213 - spring; 411 - protrusion.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 4;

The valve control adjustment mechanism provided by the present invention includes:

The piston and cylinder assemblies 2 are distributed in an array in the circumferential direction of the main shaft 3 of the engine, and include cylinders, pistons, valve assemblies 21 and the like.

The valve control device 4 is connected with the main shaft 3, and the valve control device 4 includes a valve control flywheel 41 and a flywheel mounting seat 42 connected by a rotary pair;

A plurality of protrusions 411 for adjusting the opening and closing of the valve assembly 21 in the piston and cylinder assembly are provided on the upper end surface of the valve control flywheel 41 in the circumferential direction;

The main shaft 3 drives the valve control flywheel 41 to rotate synchronously through the planetary gear train 6, and realizes the opening and closing control of the valve assembly 21 through the protrusion 411, so that each piston and cylinder assembly is progressively pushed to work at intervals.

specific:

The valve control flywheel 41 is cylindrical, and the inner ring of the valve control flywheel 41 is provided with a gear. The planetary gear train 6 is connected between the gear and the main shaft 3, and rotates in the same direction as the main shaft 3 in proportion. A plurality of projections 411 are arranged at intervals. The valve controls the upper end surface of the flywheel 41, and the protrusion 411 is arranged in cooperation with the position of the valve assembly 21 in each piston cylinder assembly 2 to form a two-circle annular control track to control the opening and closing of the valve assembly to ensure that each cylinder is separated from each other and gradually advances the work. , so that the working time of each cylinder is evenly distributed in the rotation cycle of the main shaft 3, so as to ensure the smooth output of engine power.

The valve control flywheel mounting seat 42 is a cylindrical structure, and the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with threads, which are used to connect the valve control flywheel 41 through a screw pair. The receiver is connected by a mobile pair. The effect of the valve control flywheel mount 42 is to carry the valve control flywheel 41 to lift under the condition of ensuring the normal rotation of the valve control flywheel.

Preferably, the valve assembly 21 includes an intake valve 211, an exhaust valve 212 and a spring 213, and springs 213 are respectively installed between the intake valve 211, the exhaust valve 212 and the casing to maintain the intake valve 211 and the exhaust valve. 212 is in a normally closed state in a non-controlled state.

The protrusion 411 on the upper end surface of the valve control flywheel 41 of the present invention is equivalent to the cam surface of the traditional valve control camshaft to drive the opening and closing of the valve assembly 21 .

For a multi-cylinder engine, the duty cycle of each cylinder needs to be evenly distributed on the rotation phase of the main shaft 3 to make the engine output more stable. Because the thermal cycle of the piston-cylinder combination has four strokes, each group of piston-cylinders of the main shaft 3 has and can only complete two strokes per rotation, so the main shaft 3 must rotate for two weeks before each working cylinder can complete a thermal cycle. Realize that the working cylinder works evenly during the two-week rotation of the main shaft 3, and the work of the cylinder must be gradually advanced at intervals. Therefore, the number of cylinders is preferably an odd number, and work is performed gradually at intervals.

The control of the valve assembly 21 must match the working cycle of the cylinder, please refer to Figure 5 for details: the working condition is: starting from the opening timing of the exhaust valve 212 of the cylinder 1, the exhaust valve of the cylinder 2 is opened after the main shaft 3 is rotated by an angle b; 3 After turning the angle b, the exhaust valve of cylinder 3 opens, and so on. After the main shaft 3 rotates 180 degrees, the exhaust valve of cylinder 1 closes and the intake valve opens. After the main shaft 3 rotates b+180 degrees, the exhaust valve 212 of cylinder 2 closes. The intake valve opens, the intake and exhaust valves of cylinder 1 are closed after the main shaft 3 rotates 360 degrees, and the cylinder 1 enters the compression and power stroke. After the main shaft 3 rotates b+360 degrees, the intake and exhaust valves of cylinder 2 are closed, and the cylinder 2 enters the compression , Power stroke. By analogy, after the main shaft 3 rotates 720 degrees, the exhaust valve of cylinder 1 opens to complete a thermal cycle, and so on for the following cylinders.

Refer to the geometric relationship: a=360 degrees/number of cylinders, b=720 degrees/number of cylinders, c=360 degrees+360 degrees/number of cylinders. According to the valve opening and closing control requirements, every time the valve control flywheel 41 rotates an angle a, the main shaft 3 should rotate an angle c, that is: 360 degrees + 360 degrees / number of cylinders = 360 degrees / number of cylinders × transmission ratio, so the main shaft 3 and the valve control The transmission ratio of flywheel 41=number of cylinders+1.

Protrusion 411 should integrate respectively the number of protrusions=(number of cylinders+1)/2, the angle that the protrusions 411 of each intake and exhaust track occupy=180 degree/(number of cylinders+1), take the first road protrusion Take 411 as the starting point, then the angle=720 degree/(number of cylinders+1) apart from the rear projection 411 and the previous projection 411.

Take 7 cylinders as an example, as shown in Figure 6: According to the above algorithm, each protrusion 411 occupies 22.5 degrees, the intake and exhaust valves 212 are respectively set on two control rails, and a group of intake and exhaust protrusions are set every 90 degrees 411, the main shaft 3 rotates 720 degrees, and the valve controls the flywheel to rotate 90 degrees.

In the working process of the present invention, when the piston stroke decreases, the piston speed is small, the intake and exhaust speed is low, and the top dead center will be closer to the top of the cylinder. In order not to conflict with the valve, the valve lift needs to be relatively small and closed in advance Exhaust valve 212.

When the piston stroke increases, the piston speed is faster, the intake and exhaust velocity is greater, and the top dead center is far away from the top of the cylinder. In order to improve the intake and exhaust efficiency, a relatively large valve lift is required, and the closing of the intake valve 211 is delayed.

The present invention also designs a set of valve regulating device 5, makes valve lift and opening and closing timing match with piston stroke.

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 again, the valve adjusting device 5 in this patent, it is preferable to adjust the lift of the valve assembly 21 and the timing of opening and closing by adjusting the lift of the valve control device 4 through the screw pair.

Specifically, the valve adjustment device 5 includes a valve adjustment drive motor 51 and a flywheel mount adjustment gear 52; the valve adjustment drive motor 51 drives the flywheel mount adjustment gear 52 to rotate, and the flywheel mount adjustment gear 52 adjusts the flywheel mount 42 through a screw pair. up and down.

Preferably, the adjusting gear 52 of the flywheel mounting seat is designed in a cylindrical shape, the inner wall of which is provided with threads, and the outer wall is provided with gears. Its inner wall is connected with the flywheel mounting seat 42 by a screw pair, the external gear of the flywheel mounting seat adjusting gear 52 is meshed with the gear of the valve adjustment drive motor 51, and the whole gear is connected with the body 1 by a rotating pair. The function is to bear the load in all directions of the flywheel mounting seat 42, and convert the rotation of the valve adjustment drive motor 51 into the lifting of the flywheel mounting seat 42.

Preferably, the valve adjustment driving motor 51 is a servo motor, which meshes with the flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear 52 through a gear, and is used to adjust the valve lift and opening and closing timing according to the control command.

Those skilled in the art should understand that the structure of the above-mentioned valve adjustment mechanism is only a preferred embodiment of this implementation. Under the same or similar principles, the valve adjustment mechanism of this embodiment can also use It is realized by hydraulic servo actuator, and its structure is relatively simple.

Compared with the prior art, the valve control and adjustment mechanism provided by this patent has the following advantages:

1. Use the internal gear intake valve to control the flywheel to realize the coaxial control of the opening and closing of the valve assembly.

2. Integrate all control projections on two adjacent convex rails, making the overall space layout more compact.

3. Due to the coaxial design of the valve control mechanism, the adjustment of the valve lift and opening and closing timing is more convenient. Only by synchronously adjusting the lift of the valve control flywheel according to the engine working status can the valve lift and valve lift be adjusted in real time according to the engine working status. The timing of opening and closing improves the efficiency of intake and exhaust.

4. Through the reasonable protrusion layout and the position of the main shaft and cylinder piston, the power strokes of all cylinders are evenly distributed in the main shaft rotation cycle.

The present invention also provides an adjustment method for the above-mentioned valve control adjustment mechanism, comprising the following steps:

Step a, for the same cylinder, after the exhaust valve is opened, when the main shaft rotates 180 degrees, the valve control device drives the intake valve to open, and at the same time, the valve control device drives the exhaust valve to close;

Step b, when the main shaft rotates 180 degrees again, the valve control device drives the intake valve to close, and the exhaust valve remains closed;

Step c, when the main shaft rotates 360 degrees again, the valve control device drives the exhaust valve to open and enters the next cycle; so that after the main shaft rotates an angle of 720 degrees/total number of cylinders, the valve assembly works gradually at intervals .

The transmission ratio of the main shaft and the valve control flywheel=total number of cylinders+1;

The quantity=(total number of cylinders+1)/2 that protrudes on each control track, the angle that each described projection occupies=180 degree/(number of cylinders+1), with the first projection as starting point, then Angle=720 degree/(number of cylinders+1) apart from last projection and previous projection.

What needs to be explained here is that the angle occupied by the protrusion in this patent refers to the angle formed between the two ends of the protrusion and the center of the ring-shaped control track.

When the valve adjustment drive motor 51 drives the valve control flywheel 41 to sink, the valve lift decreases, the exhaust valve 212 is delayed to open and closed in advance, and the intake valve 211 is delayed to open and closed on time; the gas can be properly retained to increase the air volume of the next cycle. fuel ratio, to prevent the conflict between the piston top dead center and the valve position.

The piston stroke increases, the working volume of the engine increases, the valve control flywheel 41 rises under the drive of the valve adjustment drive motor 51, the valve lift increases, the exhaust valve 212 opens on time and closes on time, and the intake valve 211 opens on time and delays closing; Enlarging the intake and exhaust passage increases the intake and exhaust area and delays the intake time, making the intake and exhaust more efficient.

In addition, the present invention also provides an engine, which includes a machine body, a main shaft, and the above-mentioned valve control and adjustment mechanism.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. A valve control adjustment mechanism, characterized in that, comprising: Piston cylinder assembly, the array is distributed in the circumferential direction of the main shaft; A valve control device is connected to the main shaft, and the valve control device includes a valve control flywheel and a flywheel mounting seat connected through a rotary pair; A plurality of protrusions are arranged in the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the valve control flywheel, and the protrusions abut against the valve assembly in the piston-cylinder assembly; The main shaft drives the valve control flywheel to rotate, and the opening and closing control of the valve assembly is realized through the protrusion. 2. The valve control and adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the main shaft drives the valve control flywheel to rotate through a planetary gear train. 3. The valve control and adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: said valve assembly comprises an intake valve, an exhaust valve and a spring, and said intake valve, exhaust valve and casing are respectively installed with The above-mentioned spring is used to keep the intake valve and exhaust valve in the normally closed state under the uncontrolled state. 4. The valve control and adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of said projections are arranged at intervals on the upper end surface of said valve control flywheel, said projections are connected to the valve assembly in each piston cylinder assembly. The positions are matched with each other to form two ring-shaped control tracks to control the opening and closing of the valve assembly. 5. The valve control and adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flywheel mounting seat is cylindrical, its inner wall is connected to the valve control flywheel through a screw pair, and the outer wall of the flywheel mounting seat is provided with threads. 6. The valve control adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a valve adjustment device, which is connected with the valve control device, and the valve adjustment device is used to adjust the lift of the valve control device to adjust the lift of the valve assembly. range and opening and closing timing. 7. The valve control and adjustment mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the valve adjustment device comprises a valve adjustment drive motor and a flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear; The valve adjustment driving motor drives the flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear to rotate, and the flywheel mounting seat adjustment gear is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the flywheel mounting seat through a screw pair to adjust the lifting of the flywheel mounting seat. 8. The adjustment method of the valve control adjustment mechanism according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step a, for the same cylinder, after the exhaust valve is opened, when the main shaft rotates 180 degrees, the valve control device drives the intake valve to open, and at the same time, the valve control device drives the exhaust valve to close; Step b, when the main shaft rotates 180 degrees again, the valve control device drives the intake valve to close, and the exhaust valve remains closed; Step c, when the main shaft rotates 360 degrees again, the valve control device drives the exhaust valve to open, and enters the next cycle; so that after the main shaft rotates 720 degrees/total number of cylinders, the valve assembly works gradually at intervals . 9. The adjustment method of the valve control adjustment mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, the transmission ratio of the main shaft and the valve control flywheel=total number of cylinders+1; The quantity=(total number of cylinders+1)/2 that protrudes on each control track, the angle that each described projection occupies=180 degree/(number of cylinders+1), with the first projection as starting point, then Angle=720 degree/(number of cylinders+1) apart from last projection and previous projection. 10. An engine, characterized by comprising a machine body, a main shaft and the valve control and adjustment mechanism according to any one of claims 1-7.