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CN106001571B - Metal part selective laser alloying additive manufacturing method - Google Patents

Metal part selective laser alloying additive manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106001571B
CN106001571B CN201610533541.XA CN201610533541A CN106001571B CN 106001571 B CN106001571 B CN 106001571B CN 201610533541 A CN201610533541 A CN 201610533541A CN 106001571 B CN106001571 B CN 106001571B
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alloying
drip molding
feeding head
laser
powder
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CN106001571A (en
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顾德阳
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Sichuan Tian Yuan Additive Manufacturing Materials Co Ltd
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Sichuan Tian Yuan Additive Manufacturing Materials Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a metal part selective laser alloying additive manufacturing method. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of: determination of a digital-analog type of a formed part and the modeling; local area selection of formed part alloying treatment; material selection of formed part alloying; selection of an auxiliary powder feeding head of the formed part and a process; determination of a laser additive manufacturing process of the formed part; nondestructive detection and after-treatment of the formed part; and final obtaining of a selective alloying formed part. The formed part obtained by the method is excellent in comprehensive mechanical performance, and in particular, the friction performance can satisfy special demands; precious materials are saved, so that the comprehensive cost is reduced, and the formed part is light in weight; a friction dual face is smoothed for resisting wear and reducing friction, and is excellent in friction performance; and the service life of the formed part is prolonged.

Description

A kind of metal parts selective laser alloying increasing material manufacturing method
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to metal increasing material manufacturing forming technique field, more particularly to metal parts selective laser alloying Increasing material manufacturing method.
Background technology
Laser surface alloying is grown up the eighties in 20th century by changing material surface composition realizing material The modified new technique in surface.It quickly heats pre-arcing characterisiticses using the laser beam of high-energy-density, makes the conjunction of base material top layer and addition Gold element is melt-blended, so as to form the new surface alloying layer with former base material as base.The laser gain material manufacture skill of metal parts Art, it is mainly with metal dust (being smaller in size than the metallic particles group of 1mm), granule or metal wire material as raw material, pre- by CAD model Layered shaping, is successively piled up using laser beam melts or sintering, is done directly the figuration manufacture of high-performance metal part.Laser is selected Area's alloying increasing material manufacturing method, is on the basis of original laser gain material manufacture shaping, for formation of parts tribology Can requirement, it is further proposed that new method.At present, laser surface alloying (SLA) and selective laser fusing (SLM), laser Constituency sintering (SLS) three kinds of increases material manufacturing technologies are combined together, and constitute the laser gain material manufacturing technology system of metal, and this grinds Study carefully with important research and application value.
The content of the invention
For problem present in metal increases material manufacturing technology in prior art, it is an object of the invention to：There is provided a kind of Metal parts selective laser alloying increases material preparation method, and the method has：Easy to operate, dependable performance, integrated cost is low, into Shape part is lightweight, and surface is smooth, the advantages of disclosure satisfy that use requirement, improve its service life.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of metal parts selective laser alloying increasing material manufacturing method, it is characterised in that the preparation method includes as follows Step：
1) Tytpe of the mathematic modeling and the modeling of drip molding are determined：The Tytpe of the mathematic modeling of drip molding of the present invention is the number of double feeding head shapings Mould type, which is defined as：The metal dust or alloy powder of one of feeding head conveying main material, another feeding head are conveyed Alloying adjuvant powders material, and the two feeding heads have different powder feeding tracks；Then in the work of increasing material manufacturing lathe The three-dimensional digital-to-analogue of drip molding is set up in control machine using CAD 3D software；
2) regional area of drip molding Alloying Treatment is selected：According to the knowledge of tribology, the partial zones of drip molding are selected Domain, conveys the adjuvant powders material for alloying by auxiliary feeding head, thus above-mentioned regional area is included in connecing for drip molding Tactile surface and its a neighbouring thin layer, the region needs lower coefficient of friction, higher wearability and greasy property；
3) selection of drip molding alloying：For different material systems, to having different alloying elements or compound, So that regional area generation alloying, alloying element or compound account for the percentage by weight of 10-30%, it is wherein, applicable Base material includes high-speed steel, tool steel, abrasion-resistant stee, rustless steel, Ni based high-temperature alloys, Co based high-temperature alloys, W based high-temperature alloys, Ti Any one of alloy, Al alloys, Cu alloys, Mg alloys；The alloying element of addition is appointed in including Ni, Cr, W, Ti, Co, Mn, Mo, B One or its combination, and WC, Cr7C3、Al2O3, any one of TiC ceramic powders；
4) the auxiliary feeding head of drip molding and process choice：For different increases material manufacturing technologies, the peace of feeding head is aided in Dress is also corresponding different, and wherein, the set-up mode of the auxiliary feeding head includes：For laser melting and coating process, coaxially send in original The side of prostitute, sets up the feeding head of a undersized；For the melting process of selective laser, on former coaxial powder feeding head Increase the feeding head of a syringe shape newly；Above-mentioned auxiliary feeding head is connected for powder case with adjuvant powders；Alloy powder supplies powder Case is connected with the industrial computer on material lathe is increased；For the regional area for needing Alloying Treatment, it is also contemplated that technique, Ji Jianghe Gold element or compound are bonded directly or indirectly to the specific part of matrix material, under the irradiation of high energy laser beam, alloy Element or compound rapidly and uniformly disperse and infiltration is in molten bath, and diffusion occurs in liquefaction area, the group of alloying is obtained Knit, in order to the result for Alloying Treatment compares, Alloying Treatment is inserted with stove standard specimen；
5) the laser gain material manufacture of drip molding：Using with step 1) identical CAD 3D software, by step 1) in digital-to-analogue Slicing delamination process is carried out, slicing delamination processing data is imported into industrial computer, the shower nozzle of control 3D printer is on tri- axle of X, Y, Z Motion, movement locus are consistent with each slicing delamination figure；100-200 is placed on from metal dust of the particle diameter for 10-50 μm DEG C drying baker in carry out drying 1-1.5 hours and process；Metal dust after drying and processing is placed on into 3D printer feeding head Powder drum in give over to standby, the design parameter of wherein laser instrument is：Power P=200-10000W, spot diameter D=2-8mm, sweeps Speed V=2-3m/min is retouched, overlapping rate is 20-30%, for the regional area for carrying out alloying, other process conditions are constant, Auxiliary feeding head is opened simply, the molten bath that the injection of the powder of alloy element or compound has been formed, main feeding head and auxiliary Help the powder sending quantity of feeding head be mutually matched, thickness is formed at the position for needing to carry out laser alloying molten for 10-1000 μm Change layer, and the rate of cooling obtained in solidification is 105-107℃/s；
6) for the drip molding that 5) above-mentioned steps obtain carries out slight pickling using pickle, the concentration of pickle is common The 1/10 of pickle, pickling time are 1-3min, according to the slight pickling that the metal species of drip molding select to match；Will be through acid Drip molding after washing carries out Non-Destructive Testing, and and be compared with stove standard specimen, when both comparative results are consistent or When in range of allowable error, judge that drip molding is qualified；Conversely, being then underproof；Wherein Non-Destructive Testing includes：Typical Areas The three-dimensional appearance observation in domain, the friction with stove standard specimen, abrasion and lubrication experiment；
7) drip molding after 6) process above-mentioned steps carries out post processing and obtains final drip molding, and wherein post processing includes heat Process and/or polish, post processing obtains final drip molding.
Used as the further optimization of above-mentioned technical proposal, the automatic powder feeding system of the metal dust is using coaxial forward direction powder feeding side Formula carries out powder feeding using non-coaxial lateral automatic powder feeding system.
Used as the further optimization of above-mentioned technical proposal, described laser instrument is carbon dioxide laser or optical-fiber laser Device.
Used as the further optimization of above-mentioned technical proposal, used in this method, noble gases feeder provides nitrogen, argon Gas or helium are used as protective gas.
Compared with technology in prior art, had the advantage that using the inventive method：
(1) drip molding comprehensive mechanical performance is excellent, and particularly tribological property disclosure satisfy that special needs；
(2) precious materials are saved, only Alloying Treatment is carried out in regional area using precious materials, and in general area Domain, using common material, also makes that its integrated cost is low, and drip molding is lightweight；
(3) Jing smoothings in friction pair face are processed, and wear resistant friction reducing, with excellent tribological property；
(4) service life of drip molding is also improved.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of metal parts selective laser alloying increasing material manufacturing method flow schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
A kind of metal parts selective laser alloying increasing material manufacturing method of the 1 couple of present invention is made specifically below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings It is bright.
A kind of metal parts selective laser alloying increasing material manufacturing method, it is characterised in that the preparation method includes as follows Step：
1) Tytpe of the mathematic modeling and the modeling of drip molding are determined：The Tytpe of the mathematic modeling of drip molding of the present invention is the number of double feeding head shapings Mould type, which is defined as：The metal dust or alloy powder of one of feeding head conveying main material, another feeding head are conveyed Alloying adjuvant powders material, and the two feeding heads have different powder feeding tracks；Then in the work of increasing material manufacturing lathe The three-dimensional digital-to-analogue of drip molding is set up in control machine using CAD 3D software；
2) regional area of drip molding Alloying Treatment is selected：According to the knowledge of tribology, the partial zones of drip molding are selected Domain, conveys the adjuvant powders material for alloying by auxiliary feeding head, thus above-mentioned regional area is included in connecing for drip molding Tactile surface and its a neighbouring thin layer, the region needs lower coefficient of friction, higher wearability and greasy property；
3) selection of drip molding alloying：For different material systems, to having different alloying elements or compound, So that regional area generation alloying, alloying element or compound account for the percentage by weight of 10-30%, it is wherein, applicable Base material includes high-speed steel, tool steel, abrasion-resistant stee, rustless steel, Ni based high-temperature alloys, Co based high-temperature alloys, W based high-temperature alloys, Ti Any one of alloy, Al alloys, Cu alloys, Mg alloys；The alloying element of addition is appointed in including Ni, Cr, W, Ti, Co, Mn, Mo, B One or its combination, and WC, Cr7C3、Al2O3, any one of TiC ceramic powders；
4) the auxiliary feeding head of drip molding and process choice：For different increases material manufacturing technologies, the peace of feeding head is aided in Dress is also corresponding different, and wherein, the set-up mode of the auxiliary feeding head includes：For laser melting and coating process, coaxially send in original The side of prostitute, sets up the feeding head of a undersized；For the melting process of selective laser, on former coaxial powder feeding head Increase the feeding head of a syringe shape newly；Above-mentioned auxiliary feeding head is connected for powder case with adjuvant powders；Alloy powder supplies powder Case is connected with the industrial computer on material lathe is increased；For the regional area for needing Alloying Treatment, it is also contemplated that technique, Ji Jianghe Gold element or compound are bonded directly or indirectly to the specific part of matrix material, under the irradiation of high energy laser beam, alloy Element or compound rapidly and uniformly disperse and infiltration is in molten bath, and diffusion occurs in liquefaction area, the group of alloying is obtained Knit, in order to the result for Alloying Treatment compares, Alloying Treatment is inserted with stove standard specimen；
5) the laser gain material manufacture of drip molding：Using with step 1) identical CAD 3D software, by step 1) in digital-to-analogue Slicing delamination process is carried out, slicing delamination processing data is imported into industrial computer, the shower nozzle of control 3D printer is on tri- axle of X, Y, Z Motion, movement locus are consistent with each slicing delamination figure；100-200 is placed on from metal dust of the particle diameter for 10-50 μm DEG C drying baker in carry out drying 1-1.5 hours and process；Metal dust after drying and processing is placed on into 3D printer feeding head Powder drum in give over to standby, the design parameter of the wherein laser instrument is：Power P=200-10000W, spot diameter D=2-8mm, Scan velocity V=2-3m/min, overlapping rate are 20-30%, and for the regional area for carrying out alloying, other process conditions are not Become, simply open auxiliary feeding head, the molten bath that the injection of the powder of alloy element or compound has been formed, main feeding head and The powder sending quantity of auxiliary feeding head will be mutually matched, and form thickness for 10-1000 μm the position for carrying out laser alloying is needed Melting zone, and the rate of cooling obtained in solidification is 105-107℃/s；
6) for the drip molding that 5) above-mentioned steps obtain carries out slight pickling using pickle, the concentration of pickle is common The 1/10 of pickle, pickling time are 1-3min, according to the slight pickling that the metal species of drip molding select to match；Will be through acid Drip molding after washing carries out Non-Destructive Testing, and and be compared with stove standard specimen, when both comparative results are consistent or When in range of allowable error, judge that drip molding is qualified；Conversely, being then underproof；Wherein Non-Destructive Testing includes：Typical Areas The three-dimensional appearance observation in domain, the friction with stove standard specimen, abrasion and lubrication experiment；
7) drip molding after 6) process above-mentioned steps carries out post processing and obtains final drip molding, and wherein post processing includes heat Process and/or polish, post processing obtains final drip molding.
For the present invention, the selection of drip molding alloying is critically important, now for above-mentioned steps 3) in occur base material Table 1 below be can be found in corresponding alloying element species：
1 base material of table and the alloying element of addition
The automatic powder feeding system of the metal dust is using coaxial forward direction automatic powder feeding system or adopts non-coaxial lateral automatic powder feeding system Carry out powder feeding.Described laser instrument is carbon dioxide laser or optical fiber laser.Noble gases supply used in this method Device provides nitrogen, argon or helium as protective gas.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is to be understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and apply this It is bright.Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various modifications to these embodiments, and described herein General Principle is applied in other embodiment without through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to enforcement here Example, those skilled in the art's announcement of the invention, the improvement made without departing from scope and modification all should be Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of metal parts selective laser alloying increasing material manufacturing method, it is characterised in that the preparation method includes following step Suddenly：
1) Tytpe of the mathematic modeling and the modeling of drip molding are determined：The Tytpe of the mathematic modeling of drip molding of the present invention is the digital-to-analogue class of double feeding head shapings Type, which is defined as：The metal dust or alloy powder of one of feeding head conveying main material, another feeding head convey alloy Change adjuvant powders material, and the two feeding heads have different powder feeding tracks；Then in the industrial computer of increasing material manufacturing lathe Middle utilization CAD 3D software sets up the three-dimensional digital-to-analogue of drip molding；
2) regional area of drip molding Alloying Treatment is selected：According to the knowledge of tribology, the regional area of drip molding is selected, by Auxiliary feeding head conveys the adjuvant powders material for alloying, thus above-mentioned regional area is included in the contact surface of drip molding And its a neighbouring thin layer；
3) selection of drip molding alloying：For different material systems, to having different alloying elements or compound, so as to So that regional area generation alloying, alloying element or compound account for the percentage by weight of 10-30%, wherein, applicable base material Including high-speed steel, tool steel, abrasion-resistant stee, rustless steel, Ni based high-temperature alloys, Co based high-temperature alloys, W based high-temperature alloys, Ti alloys, Any one of Al alloys, Cu alloys, Mg alloys；The alloying element of addition includes any one of Ni, Cr, W, Ti, Co, Mn, Mo, B Or its combination, and WC, Cr7C3、Al2O3, any one of TiC ceramic powders；
4) the auxiliary feeding head of drip molding and process choice：For different increases material manufacturing technologies, the installation of feeding head is aided in Corresponding different, wherein, the set-up mode of the auxiliary feeding head includes：For laser melting and coating process, in former coaxial powder feeding head Side, set up a feeding head；For the melting process of selective laser, a syringe is increased on former coaxial powder feeding head newly The feeding head of shape；Above-mentioned auxiliary feeding head is connected for powder case with adjuvant powders；Alloy powder is for powder case and increases on material lathe Industrial computer be connected；For the regional area for needing Alloying Treatment, it is also contemplated that technique, will alloying element or compound The specific part of matrix material is bonded directly or indirectly to, under the irradiation of high energy laser beam, alloying element or compound are fast Speed, be uniformly dispersed and infiltration in molten bath, liquefaction area occur diffusion, obtain alloying tissue, in order to for conjunction The result of aurification process compares, and inserts Alloying Treatment with stove standard specimen；
5) the laser gain material manufacture of drip molding：Using with step 1) identical CAD 3D software, by step 1) in digital-to-analogue carry out Slicing delamination processing data is imported industrial computer by slicing delamination process, and the shower nozzle for controlling 3D printer is transported on tri- axle of X, Y, Z Dynamic, movement locus are consistent with each slicing delamination figure；100-200 DEG C is placed on from metal dust of the particle diameter for 10-50 μm Drying baker in carry out drying 1-1.5 hours and process；Metal dust after drying and processing is placed on into 3D printer feeding head Give over to standby in powder drum, the design parameter of wherein laser instrument is：Power P=200-10000W, spot diameter D=2-8mm, scanning Speed V=2-3m/min, overlapping rate are 20-30%, and for the regional area for carrying out alloying, other process conditions are constant, only It is to open auxiliary feeding head, the powder of alloy element or compound is injected the molten bath for having been formed, main feeding head and auxiliary The powder sending quantity of feeding head will be mutually matched, and form the fusing that thickness is for 10-1000 μm the position for carrying out laser alloying is needed Layer, and the rate of cooling obtained in solidification is 105-107℃/s；
6) for the drip molding that 5) above-mentioned steps obtain carries out slight pickling using pickle, pickling time is 1-3min, according to The metal species of drip molding select the slight pickling for matching；Drip molding after pickling is carried out into Non-Destructive Testing, and and with stove Standard specimen is compared, and when both comparative results are consistent or in range of allowable error, judges that drip molding is qualified 's；Conversely, being then underproof；Wherein Non-Destructive Testing includes：The three-dimensional appearance observation of representative region, rubbing with stove standard specimen Wipe, wear and tear and lubrication experiment；
7) drip molding after 6) process above-mentioned steps carries out post processing and obtains final drip molding, and wherein post processing includes heat treatment And/or polishing, the final drip molding of post processing acquisition.
2. a kind of metal parts selective laser alloying according to claim 1 increases material preparation method, it is characterised in that：Institute The automatic powder feeding system of metal dust is stated using coaxial forward direction automatic powder feeding system or powder feeding is carried out using non-coaxial lateral automatic powder feeding system.
3. a kind of metal parts selective laser alloying according to claim 1 increases material preparation method, it is characterised in that：On State step 5) in laser instrument be carbon dioxide laser or optical fiber laser.
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