CN105998448A - 提高免疫力的桑葚口服液制备方法及其口服液 - Google Patents
提高免疫力的桑葚口服液制备方法及其口服液 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:a.桑葚的萃取,作为组分1;b.将所述其余原料药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,作为组分2;c.将上述两种提取液组分1和组分2合并,浓缩后加蜂蜜或糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成口服液剂。所述步骤a中,每年4‑6月桑葚果实成熟时采收,洗净,去杂质,晒干或略蒸后晒干。本发明以桑葚为主料,加入一些滋补肝肾,活血补髓、性味平和的中药,明显改善口感,针对中药气味清苦,口感不佳,使用不方便,做出很大的改善。诸药合用补肺金、滋肾水、敛肺气、止咳喘,补肾精、改善脑力,故能益智强身,有一定的抗衰老作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有来源于植物、动物或矿物原料的医用保健品,特别涉及一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液及其制备方法。
背景技术
数百万年来,人类在生活一个既适合生存又充满危险的环境,人类得以存续,也获得了非凡的免疫力。所以说免疫力是生物进化过程的产物。
免疫力是人体自身的防御机制,是人体识别和消灭外来侵入的任何异物(病毒、细菌等);处理衰老、损伤、死亡、变性的自身细胞以及识别和处理体内突变细胞和病毒感染细胞的能力。现代免疫学认为,免疫力是人体识别和排除“异己”的生理反应。人体内执行这一功能的是免疫系统。
免疫力按其获得方式的不同可分为:1。先天性免疫,是人一生下来就有的。如猪瘟在猪群中传播很快,但和人类无缘。这是因为人类天生就不会得这种病;2。获得性免疫,是人生下来以后在生活过程中自然获得的,或者用人工辅助的方法被动得到。
免疫力低下的身体易于被感染或患癌症;免疫力超常也会产生对身体有害的结果,如引发过敏反应、自身免疫疾病等。
各种原因使免疫系统不能正常发挥保护作用,在此情况下,极易招致细菌、病毒、真菌等感染,因此免疫力低下最直接的表现就是容易生病。因经常患病,加重了机体的消耗,所以一般有体质虚弱、营养不良、精神萎靡、疲乏无力、食欲降低、睡眠障碍等表现,生病、打针吃药便成了家常便饭。每次生病都要很长时间才能恢复,而且常常反复发作。长此以往会导致身体和智力发育不良,还易诱发重大疾病。
深层原因是免疫力低下或免疫力不健全。当人体免疫功能失调,或者免疫系统不健全时,下列问题就会反复发作:--感冒反复发作、扁桃体炎反复发作、哮喘反复发作、支气管炎反复发作、肺炎反复发作、腹泻反复发作......所以千万不可小视。
免疫力是指机体抵抗外来侵袭,维护体内环境稳定性的能力。空气中充满了各种各样的微生物:细菌、病毒、支原体、衣原体、真菌等等。在人体免疫力低下的情况下,它们都可以成为感早班的病原体。虽然人体对不同的病原体会产生相应的抗体,以抵御再次感染,但抗体具有专一性和时限性,比如链球菌抗体只能在较短时期内保护机体不受链球菌的再次侵犯,也并不能抵御其他病毒的感染。免疫力低下的人根本无法抵御感冒病毒的侵袭,这才是他频繁感冒的真正原因。
据生物科学家考证,生物细胞分裂的次数与寿命是成正比的,比如,海豚的细胞分裂次数是80次,它的平均寿命则可达150岁。而人体衰老的原因正是肌体生命最基本的组成单位-细胞出现了衰变。随着年龄的增大,细胞再生的分裂越来越慢,积聚的老化细胞使器官的机能不断下降,发生老化甚至病变,人也随之日益衰老。
桑葚为桑科落叶乔木桑树的成熟果实,桑葚又叫桑果、桑枣,农人喜欢其成熟的鲜果食用,味甜汁多,是人们常食的水果之一。中医学认为桑椹补益肝肾,滋阴养血,息风,具有主治心悸失眠、头晕目眩、耳鸣、便秘盗汗、瘰疬、关节不利等病症。桑葚有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应,营养肌肤,使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用,并能提高免疫力。桑葚是中老年人健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑葚可以明目,缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑葚具有免疫促进作用。桑葚对脾脏有增重作用,对溶血性反应有增强作用,可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化,促进新陈代谢。它可以促进血红细胞的生长,防止白细胞减少,并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助功效。桑椹具有生津止渴、促进消化、帮助排便等作用,适量食用能促进胃液分泌,刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。祖国医学认为,桑葚性味甘寒,具有补肝益肾、生津润肠、乌发明目等功效。
在两千多年前,桑葚已是中国皇帝御用的补品。因桑树特殊的生长环境使桑果具有天然生长、无任何污染的特点,所以桑葚又被称为“民间圣果”。现代研究证实,桑葚果实中含有丰富的活性蛋白、维生素、氨基酸、胡萝卜素、矿物质、白藜芦醇、花青素等成份,营养是苹果的5~6倍,是葡萄的4倍,具有多种功效,被医学界誉为“二十一世纪的最佳保健果品”。常吃桑葚能显著提高人体免疫力,具有提高免疫力,美容养颜的功效。
中国传统医学认为桑椹味酸,性微寒,具有提高人体免疫力、补血滋阴、生津止渴、润肠祛燥等功效,主治阴血不足而致的头晕目眩、耳鸣心悸、烦躁失眠、腰膝酸软、须发早白、消渴止干、大便干结、滋阴补血、安神补脑、利关节、去风湿、解酒等功效。
1、防止血管硬化:桑椹中含有脂肪酸,主要由亚油酸。硬脂酸及油酸组成,具有分解脂肪,降低血脂,防止血管硬化等作用。
2、健脾胃,助消化:桑椹中含有鞣酸、脂肪酸、苹果酸等营养物质,能帮助脂肪、蛋白质及淀粉的消化,故有健脾胃助消化之功,可用于治疗因消化不良而导致的腹泻。
3、补充营养:桑椹中含有大量的水分、碳水化合物、多种维生素、胡萝卜素及人体必需的微量元素等,能有效地扩充人体的血容量,且补而不腻,适宜于高血压、妇女病患者食疗。
4、乌发美容:桑椹中含有大量人体所需要的营养物质,还含有乌发素,能使头发变得黑而亮泽,可用来美容。
成熟的桑椹果营养丰富,每100克桑椹含水分81.8克,蛋白质1.8克,脂肪0.3克。纤维素4.9克,碳水化合物10克,灰分1.2克,胡萝卜素30微克,硫胺素0.02毫克、核黄素0.06毫克,维生素E6.95毫克,钾33毫克,锌0.27毫克,铜0.08毫克,硒4.8微克。此外,还含有鞣酸,苹果酸,维生素C和脂肪酸等。其脂肪主要为亚油酸、油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸和少量辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚麻酸等。
中药气味清苦,口感不佳;很多人不愿服用;让人使用时也产生抗拒心理。怎么把桑葚甘甜、营养丰富、抗衰老的功效发挥到最大又不伤害人体,并且明显改善口感,使人能接受,是我们迫切需要解决的问题。桑葚里面含有大量安全有效的抗衰老、美容的成分;具有无毒、能被生物体完全吸收的优点,是我们研究的主要方向。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,中药气味清苦,口感不佳;很多人不愿服用;让人使用时也产生抗拒心理。现代人的免疫力正变得越来越脆弱,环境污染,作息不规律、生活节奏快、吃的不健康,不知节欲,造成各种疾病的发病率都在不断上升。尤其所谓的办公室一族,更是免疫力低下的高发人群。大部分人都是亚健康状态,在透支原本就不健康的身体。大部分人的症状为易感冒、眼睛酸涩、脾虚乏力;食少口干;消渴;肾亏腰膝酸软;阳痿遗精;耳鸣目暗;须发早白;体虚赢瘦;风癞癣疾。当代白领随增龄而肾精渐虚,体力日衰,脑力减退,桑葚补肾精改善脑力,故能益智强身,而实验研究表明桑葚在提高免疫力、补肝益肾有一定的抗衰老作用。本发明以桑葚为主料,加入一些滋补肝肾、强筋健骨、活血补髓、性味平和的中药,本发明明显改善口感,针对中药气味清苦,口感不佳,使用不方便,做出很大的改善,具有很强的市场前景;诸药合用补肺金、滋肾水、敛肺气、止咳喘,补肾精、改善脑力,故能益智强身,对人体有一定的抗衰老作用,是一种提高免疫力的保健品。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液,其所述桑葚口服液可以包括以下重量份的原料药:桑葚10~50份,仙茅10~20份,熟地10~20份,五味子10~20份,蒲公英10~20份,茯苓10~20份,地骨皮10~20份,五加皮10~20份,制首乌10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,桑寄生10~20份,绞股蓝10~20份,黄芪10~20份,垂盆草10~20份,党参10~20份,女贞子10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,丹皮10~20份,栀子10~20份。
所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液,其所述桑葚口服液也可以包括以下重量份的原料药:桑葚10~40份,仙茅10~15份,熟地10~15份,五味子10~15份,蒲公英10~15份,茯苓10~15份,地骨皮10~15份,五加皮10~15份,制首乌10~15份,山茱萸10~15份,桑寄生10~15份,绞股蓝10~20份,黄芪10~20份,垂盆草10~20份,党参10~20份,女贞子10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,丹皮10~20份,栀子10~20份。
所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液,其所述桑葚口服液还可以包括以下重量份的原料药:桑葚10~30份,仙茅10~20份,熟地10~20份,五味子10~20份,蒲公英10~20份,茯苓10~20份,地骨皮10~20份,五加皮10~20份,制首乌10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,桑寄生10~20份,绞股蓝10~15份,黄芪10~15份,垂盆草10~15份,党参10~15份,女贞子10~15份,菟丝子10~15份,丹皮10~15份,栀子10~15份。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其所述口服液的制备步骤包括:
a.桑葚的萃取,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,作为组分2;
c.将上述两种提取液组分1和组分2合并,浓缩后加蜂蜜或糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成口服液剂。
所述步骤a中,可以在每年4-6月桑葚果实成熟时采收,洗净,去杂质,晒干或略蒸后晒干。
所述步骤a中,进一步包括,将晾晒好的桑葚浸泡置于有盖不锈钢桶内,加70%乙醇液,质量为粗颗粒的0.8-1倍,搅拌均匀,湿润密闭放置1小时以上,使充分膨胀;将渗漉筒底部滤板用纱布袋包裹铺平后再将湿润膨胀后的药物样品拌松弄散,然后用不锈钢勺盛粉,均匀的装入渗漉筒,装10-12厘米厚,用T型棒压匀,再按上述操作,一层一层的装入,适当加压,药粉填装不得超过渗漉筒的2/3高处;药粉面上盖不锈钢孔板压牢,打开渗漉筒下面的放料阀,并放一容器,然后缓缓加入70%乙醇液;待排出药粉粉粒之间的空气,并有乙醇流出约20L左右,关闭放料阀,盖上漉筒、浸渍24小时,然后开放料阀进行渗漉,控制渗漉速度一般为1000g药材每分钟流出2~3ml,滤液放入贮液缸内,并将排空时的乙醇液倒入贮液缸;将渗滤液合并静置,静置备用,作为组分1。
所述步骤b中,可以将其余原料药的药放入乙醇中,浸泡1-2天,然后加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;再将上述乙醇提取过的原料药材的药渣加水加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述两种提取液合并,减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.35的滤液,回收乙醇,将所得滤液调整比重到1.38,减压得浸膏,成为组分2。
所述步骤c中,可以将组分1和组分2合并后,置入双效真空浓缩器中,先将滤液浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.38的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g浸膏,加糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成口服液。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明也提供一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其制备步骤还可以为:
a.桑葚的制备,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药切碎提取作为组分2;
c.将组分1和组分2混合,浓缩后加适量蜂蜜调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
所述步骤a中,可以将晾晒好的桑葚泡入乙醇中1-2天后,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,取上清液,合并提取液,100-110目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1;所述步骤b中,可以将其余原料药材混合,切碎过100~120目筛,过筛后细粉备用,粗颗粒放入耐酸碱浸渍锅,在室温下,与70度以上乙醇一起浸渍3~7天,然后加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,过滤,分离后取滤液;用纱布过滤,残渣中加入50-60%乙醇,60℃-70℃继续浸提2h,每10min搅拌一次,纱布过滤,合并浸提液,浓缩成糊状成为组分2;所述步骤c中,可以将组分1和组分2合并后,置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.60的浸膏,浓缩后的膏剂加蜂蜜或糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
本发明将现代营养学理论与传统中医药养生保健理论有机结合,鉴于中医具有辩证论治的特色,中药有毒副作用小的优势,中药保健治疗引起广泛关注。桑椹味酸,性微寒,具有提高人体免疫力、补血滋阴、生津止渴、润肠祛燥等功效,主治阴血不足而致的头晕目眩、耳鸣心悸、烦躁失眠、腰膝酸软、须发早白、消渴止干、大便干结、滋阴补血、安神补脑、利关节、去风湿、解酒等功效。现代人生活不规律身体渐虚,体力日衰,脑力减退,桑葚补肾精改善脑力,故能益智强身,而实验研究表明桑葚在提高免疫力、补肝益肾有一定的抗衰老作用。本发明以桑葚为主料,加入一些滋补肝肾,性味平和的中药,明显改善口感,针对中药气味清苦,口感不佳,使用不方便,做出很大的改善,具有很强的市场前景;诸药合用补肺金、滋肾水、敛肺气、止咳喘,补肾精、改善脑力,故能益智强身,对人体有一定的抗衰老作用,是一种提高免疫力的保健品。
具体实施方式
中药的保健作用非常强,如果西药容易引起身体出现大量副作用,使人出现不良反应,那中药的毒副作用小与可以长久服用的作用更加明显。
人体免疫是人体对外界的病原微生物等的防御机能,或者说是防御系统,在正常情况下,它能够保证人体不受外界病原微生物的侵害。通常说的人体免疫力就是指人体的免疫系统抵御外来病原微生物等侵害的能力。在人体免疫力正常的情况下,人体自身能够抵御相当多的病菌的侵害,避免对人体造成损伤。免疫力在人体生命机制中发挥重要的作用,而人体的营养、劳累、心情、环境、疾病、用药、辐射等导致自身的免疫力下降。越来越多研究表明,中药对人体免疫力的调节越来越发挥重要作用。本实验结果显示,本发明泡茶可提高环磷酰胺致免疫力下降小鼠免疫器官的脏器指数、巨噬细胞吞噬能力及T细胞的增值能力,可初步证实本发明泡茶对免疫力低下小鼠的免疫力有增强作用。
中医学认为桑椹补益肝肾,滋阴养血,息风,具有主治心悸失眠、头晕目眩、耳鸣、便秘盗汗、瘰疬、关节不利等病症。桑葚有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应,营养肌肤,使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用,并能提高免疫力。桑葚是中老年人健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑葚可以明目,缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑葚具有免疫促进作用。桑葚对脾脏有增重作用,对溶血性反应有增强作用,可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化,促进新陈代谢。它可以促进血红细胞的生长,防止白细胞减少,并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助功效。桑椹具有生津止渴、促进消化、帮助排便等作用,适量食用能促进胃液分泌,刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。祖国医学认为,桑葚性味甘寒,具有补肝益肾、生津润肠、乌发明目等功效。
在两千多年前,桑葚已是中国皇帝御用的补品。因桑树特殊的生长环境使桑果具有天然生长、无任何污染的特点,所以桑葚又被称为“民间圣果”。现代研究证实,桑葚果实中含有丰富的活性蛋白、维生素、氨基酸、胡萝卜素、矿物质、白藜芦醇、花青素等成份,营养是苹果的5~6倍,是葡萄的4倍,具有多种功效,被医学界誉为“二十一世纪的最佳保健果品”。常吃桑葚能显著提高人体免疫力,具有提高免疫力,美容养颜的功效。
中国传统医学认为桑椹味酸,性微寒,具有提高人体免疫力、补血滋阴、生津止渴、润肠祛燥等功效,主治阴血不足而致的头晕目眩、耳鸣心悸、烦躁失眠、腰膝酸软、须发早白、消渴止干、大便干结、滋阴补血、安神补脑、利关节、去风湿、解酒等功效。
1、防止血管硬化:桑椹中含有脂肪酸,主要由亚油酸。硬脂酸及油酸组成,具有分解脂肪,降低血脂,防止血管硬化等作用。
2、健脾胃,助消化:桑椹中含有鞣酸、脂肪酸、苹果酸等营养物质,能帮助脂肪、蛋白质及淀粉的消化,故有健脾胃助消化之功,可用于治疗因消化不良而导致的腹泻。
3、补充营养:桑椹中含有大量的水分、碳水化合物、多种维生素、胡萝卜素及人体必需的微量元素等,能有效地扩充人体的血容量,且补而不腻,适宜于高血压、妇女病患者食疗。
4、乌发美容:桑椹中含有大量人体所需要的营养物质,还含有乌发素,能使头发变得黑而亮泽,可用来美容。
成熟的桑椹果营养丰富,每100克桑椹含水分81.8克,蛋白质1.8克,脂肪0.3克。纤维素4.9克,碳水化合物10克,灰分1.2克,胡萝卜素30微克,硫胺素0.02毫克、核黄素0.06毫克,维生素E6.95毫克,钾33毫克,锌0.27毫克,铜0.08毫克,硒4.8微克。此外,还含有鞣酸,苹果酸,维生素C和脂肪酸等。其脂肪主要为亚油酸、油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸和少量辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚麻酸等。
茯苓味甘、淡、性平,入药具有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神之功用。现代医学研究:茯苓能增强机体免疫功能,茯苓多糖有明显的抗肿瘤及保肝脏作用。茯苓性味甘淡平,入心、肺、脾经。具有渗湿利水,健脾和胃,宁心安神的功效。可治小便不利,水肿胀满,痰饮咳逆,呕逆,恶阻,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘等症。茯苓之利水,是通过健运脾肺功能而达到的,与其它直接利水的中药不同。用于脾虚泄泻,带下茯苓既能健脾,又能渗湿,对于脾虚运化失常所致泄泻、带下,应用茯苓有标本兼顾之效,常与党参、白术、山药等配伍。有可用为补肺脾,治气虚之辅佐药。
山茱萸,主治心下邪气寒热,温中,逐寒温痹,去三虫,久服轻身有强阴益精、安五脏、通九窍、止小便淋沥之功;久服明目、强力长年。山茱萸,又名山芋肉、药枣、实枣儿、枣皮、肉枣等,为我国常用名贵中药材,应用历史悠久。它以其补力平和、壮阳而不助火,滋阴而不腻膈,收敛而不留邪等特殊功效被历代医学所喜用。张仲景以山茱萸为君创制了“金匮肾气丸”。据化学分析,山茱萸含有生理活性较强的山茱萸甙、酒石酸、没食子酸、苹果酸、树酯、鞣质和多种维生素等有效成分,具有增强免疫、抗炎、抗菌等药理作用,是中医临床中常用的一味药。
熟地又名熟地黄或伏地,属玄参科植物,是一种上好中药材,具有补血滋阴功效,可用于血虚萎黄,眩晕,心悸失眠,月经不调,崩漏等症,亦可用于肾阴不足的潮热骨蒸、盗汗、遗精、消渴等症,是虚证类非处方药药品六味地黄丸主要成分之一。肝肾阴虚诸证,本品质润入肾,善滋补肾阴,填精益髓,为补肾阴之要药。古人谓之“大补五脏真阴”,“大补真水”。常与山药、山茱萸等同用,治疗肝肾阴虚,腰膝酸软、遗精、盗汗、耳鸣、耳聋及消渴等,可补肝肾,益精髓,如六味地黄丸
天花粉为葫芦科植物栝蒌的根,是一种中药,为清热泻火类药物,其具体功效是清热泻火,生津止渴,排脓消肿。主治:治热病口渴、消渴、黄疸、肺燥咳血、痈肿、痔痿。对于治疗糖尿病,常用它与滋阴药配合使用,以达到标本兼治的作用。《本草汇言》:天花粉,退五脏郁热,如心火盛而舌干口燥,肺火盛而咽肿喉痹,脾火盛而口舌齿肿,痰火盛而咳嗽不宁。若肝火之胁胀走注,肾火之骨蒸烦热,或痈疽已溃未溃,而热毒不散,或五疸身目俱黄,而小水若淋若涩,是皆火热郁结所致,惟此剂能开郁结,降痰火,并能治之。又其性甘寒,善能治渴,从补药而治虚渴,从凉药而治火渴,从气药而治郁渴,从血药而治烦渴,乃治渴之要药也。
仙茅具有补肾助阳、益精血、强筋骨和行血消肿的作用,主要用于肾阳不足、阳痿遗精、虚痨内伤和筋骨疼痛等病症。补肾阳,强筋骨,散寒湿。治阳萎精冷,小便失禁,崩漏,心腹冷痛,腰脚冷痹,痈疽,瘰疬,阳虚冷泻。阳痿精寒,腰膝风冷,筋骨痿痹等症。古方中有仙茅丸,能壮筋骨、益精神、明目、黑须发。《海药本草》:主风,补暖腰脚,清安五脏,强筋骨,消食。宣而复补,主丈夫七伤,明耳目,益筋力,填骨髓,益阳。《日华子本草》:治一切风气,补五劳七伤,开胃下气。
地骨皮性寒,味甘。功能主治:凉血除蒸,清肺降火。用于阴虚潮热、骨蒸盗汗、肺热咳嗽、咯血、衄血。清热,凉血。治虚劳潮热盗汗,肺热咳喘,吐血,衄血,血淋,消渴,高血压,痈肿,恶疮。《本经》:″主五内邪气,热中消渴,周痹。″《别录》:″主风湿,下胸胁气,客热头痛,补内伤大劳嘘吸,坚筋,强阴,利大小肠,耐寒暑。″
五加皮为五加科落叶小灌木细柱五加的干燥的根皮。又名白刺、目骨、追风使、南五加皮等。主产于湖北、湖南、河南、安徽、四川等地。中药五加皮具有祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨等功效。《本草纲目》中记载:“补中益气、治风湿痿痹、壮筋骨。”现代研究,本品还具有抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、降低全血粘度、防止动脉粥样硬化形成等作用。五加皮使用方便,煎汤、入丸、散或浸五加皮酒均可,但阴虚火旺者慎用。
桑寄生苦;甘;性平。有祛风湿,益肝肾,强筋骨,安胎的功效。入心、肾二经。功能主治:补肝肾;强筋骨;祛风湿;安胎。主腰膝酸痛;筋骨痿弱;肢体偏枯;风湿痹痛;头错目眩;胎动不安,崩漏下血。用于风湿痹痛,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力,崩漏经多,妊娠漏血,胎动不安;高血压。
白芍性凉,味苦酸,微寒,具有补血柔肝、平肝止痛。敛阴收汗等功效,适用于阴虚发热、月经不调、胸腹胁肋疼痛、四肢挛急,泻痢腹痛、自汗盗汗、崩漏、带下等症。芍药甙有抗菌、解热、抗炎、增加冠状动脉流量、改善心肌营养血流、扩张血管、对抗急性心肌缺血、抑制血小板聚集、镇静、镇痛、解痉、抗溃疡、调节血糖的作用。白芍煎剂能抑制痢疾杆菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌等。血虚阴虚、胸腹胁肋疼痛、肝区痛、胆囊炎、胆结石疼痛、泻痢腹痛、妇女行经腹痛、自汗易汗盗汗、腓肠肌痉挛、四肢拘挛疼痛、不安腿综合症等病症患者适宜食用。
制首乌是将生首乌与黑豆同煮后晒干的首乌,是一味补肝肾、益精血、养心宁神的良药。主要用于治疗因肝肾不足、精血亏损而引起的腰膝酸软、头晕眼花、心悸失眠、头发早白等症。何首乌的乌发功能是通过补肾、益精、养血宁神的作用发挥出来的。制首乌具有补益精血,养肝安神,强筋骨,固肾乌须,用于血虚而见头昏目眩,心悸失眠健忘,萎黄乏力,肝肾精血亏虚的眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,遗精崩带,须发早白等症。当归
丹参苦,微寒。归心、肝经。祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦。用于月经不调,经闭痛经,症瘕积聚,胸腹刺痛,热痹疼痛,疮疡肿痛,心烦不眠。用于胸肋胁痛,风湿痹痛,症瘕结块,疮疡肿痛,跌仆伤痛,月经不调,经闭痛经,产后瘀痛等。治疗胸肋疼痛、症瘕结块,以及月经不调、经闭经痛具有良效。《纲目》载:丹参,按《妇人明理论》云,四物汤治妇人病,不问产前产后,经水多少,皆可通用,惟一味丹参散,主治与之相同。盖丹参能破宿血,补新血,安生胎,落死胎,止崩中滞下,调经脉。丹参主要成分丹参酮有扩张血管、改善循环、解除血管内凝血等作用,具有活血化痕之功效,并能促进肝脏血液循环,利于肝细胞再生。
黄芪具有补气固表、利水退肿、托毒排脓、生肌等功效。黄芪的药用迄今已有2000多年的历史,现代研究,黄芪含皂甙、蔗糖、多糖、多种氨基酸、叶酸及硒、锌、铜等多种微量元素。有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。但表实邪盛,气滞湿阻,食积停滞,痈疽初起或溃后热毒尚盛等实证。黄芪具有补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌的功效。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚萎黄,内热消渴。《本经》记载:“主痈疽,久败疮,排脓止痛。补虚,小儿百病。”《日华子本草》记载:“助气壮筋骨,长肉补血。”
女贞子,味甘苦、性凉,归肝肾经,具有滋补肝肾、益阴养血之功。现代医学研究证明,女贞子内含熊果酸、甘露醇、葡萄糖、脂肪油等,有强心、利尿和保肝作用,能使因化疗引起的白细胞下降数量升高,并对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌有抑制作用。女贞子中含有齐墩果酸女贞子酸、女贞苷、熊果酸、硬脂酸、油酸、甘露醇、白桦脂醇、磷脂以及糖类如女贞子多糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖等,还含有15种氨基酸,11种微量元素及挥发油等。研究认为女贞子有降血糖及降血脂并有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,还有抗菌、抗病毒作用,女贞子煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用。对B型腺病毒有中等度抑制作用。升高白细胞:女贞子及其成分制剂对血细胞均有一定影响,它对因化疗所致白细胞下降有升高作用。含女贞子的复方也有升白细胞作用。抗血栓作用:齐墩果酸可加快血小板细胞的流动性,减弱了血小板之间的碰撞,使之不易粘连和聚集,更不易在血管内膜沉积,减缓或防止血栓形成,又可降低脂质内膜的沉积,为防治老年人的血栓性疾病提供了部分实验依据。抗衰老提高免疫力:女贞子煎剂可使小鼠免疫器官胸腺、脾脏重量增加;明显提高小鼠血清溶血素抗体活性,对小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生白介素-2的影响具有双向调节作用。女贞子具有显著的免疫增强作用,清除自由基从而抗衰老。应用女贞子防治:心血管疾病、冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、血小板减少症、白细胞减少症,慢性肾炎、慢性支气管炎、顽固性失眠、慢性苯中毒、肿瘤、营养不良、免疫功能低下症、脂溢性皮炎
五味子含有丰富的有机酸、维生素、类黄酮、植物固醇及有强效复原作用的木酚素(例如五味子醇甲、五味子乙素或五味子脂素),它也是兼具精、气、神三大补益的少数药材之一,能益气强肝、增进细胞排除废物的效率、供应更多氧气、营造和运用能量、提高记忆力及性持久力。古时候,俄罗斯猎人每次远行狩猎之前必定服用五味子以强身补气。五味子具有非凡的功效,其中包括:1、保肝及再生肝脏组织。肝脏是人体的中枢解毒器官,负责滤除有毒物质,以免对人体造成伤害。五味子具有消炎作用,五味子具有消炎作用,以制止肝脏损伤,激活合成代谢过程以促进受损肝细胞的修复,并能增强脱氧核醣核酸(DNA)合成物和鸟胺酸脱羧酶的活性,再生肝脏细胞。四氯化碳(CCl4)是其中一种对肝脏最具毒害的物质。无数的研究显示,五味子的强效保肝功效能对抗CCl4的毒害作用。由此可见,五味子在保护肝脏免受日常毒素侵害方面有很大的功效。
蒲公英性味甘,微苦,寒。归肝、胃经。有利尿、缓泻、退黄疸、利胆等功效。治热毒、痈肿、疮疡、内痈、目赤肿痛、湿热、黄疸、小便淋沥涩痛、疔疮肿毒,乳痈,瘰疬,牙痛,目赤,咽痛,肺痈,肠痈,湿热黄疸,热淋涩痛。治急性乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,瘰疬,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热,急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎,胃炎,肝炎,胆囊炎,尿路感染等。蒲公英可生吃、炒食、做汤,是药食兼用的植物。
垂盆草,中药名。为景天科植物垂盆草的干燥全草。甘、淡,凉。有利湿退黄,清热解毒之功效。常用于湿热黄疸,小便不利,痈肿疮疡。归肝、胆、小肠经。功效利湿退黄,清热解毒。主治用于湿热黄疸,小便不利,痈肿疮疡。
绞股蓝主要有效成份是绞股蓝皂甙、绞股蓝糖甙(多糖)、水溶性氨基酸、黄酮类、多种维生素、微量元素、矿物质等。药材基源:为葫芦科植物绞股蓝的全草。性味:味苦;微甘;性凉。归经:归肺;脾;肾经。功效:益气健脾,化痰止咳,清热解毒。功效分类:补虚药;化痰药;清热药。主治:体虚乏力;虚劳失精;白细胞减少症;高脂血症;病毒性肝炎;慢性胃肠炎;慢性气管炎。
党参为中国常用的传统补益药,古代以山西上党地区出产的党参为上品,具有补中益气,健脾益肺之功效。党参有增强免疫力、扩张血管、降压、改善微循环、增强造血功能等作用。此外对化疗放疗引起的白细胞下降有提升作用。
菟丝子中药菟丝子为双子叶植物药旋花科植物菟丝子、南方菟丝子、金灯藤等的种子,能补肾益精、养肝明目、固胎止泄之功效。滋补肝肾、固精缩尿,安胎,明目,止泻。用于阳痿遗精、尿有余沥、遗尿尿频、腰膝酸软、目昏耳鸣、肾虚胎漏、胎动不安、脾肾胎漏、胎动不安、脾肾虚泻;外治白癜风。将原药筛去泥屑,拣去杂质,晒干
栀子苦寒,能血分而清邪热,宽肠通便,防癌,栀子花含有纤维素,能预防痔疮的发作和直肠癌瘤的发生。栀子花根、叶、果实均可入药,有泻火除烦,消炎祛热、清热利尿,外用解毒之功效。栀子花、果实、叶和根可入药,一般泡茶或煎汤服。栀子含栀子甙、去羟栀子甙、鸡屎藤次甙甲酯及少量山栀甙,有清热利尿、外用解毒、黄疸、血淋痛涩、目红肿痛、火毒疮、降血压等功效。其中栀子果入药,主治热病高烧,心烦不眠,实火牙痛,口舌生疮,鼻规,吐血,眼结膜炎,疮疡肿毒,黄疸型传染性肝炎,蚕豆病,尿血;外用治外伤出血、扭挫伤。根入药主治传染性肝炎,跌打损伤,风火牙痛。《本草纲目》称其“悦颜色,《千金翼》面膏用之。”《滇南本草》称其“泻肺火,止肺热咳嗽,止鼻衄血,消痰。”性味归经:性寒,味甘苦;入肺、肝经。功效主治:清肺止咳,外用止血。主治肺热咳嗽,鼻,咯痰,肿毒等病症。主要成分:栀子花含有三萜成分,栀子花酸A、B和子酸。含挥发油,包括乙酸苄酯、乙酸芳樟酯,另含色素甙、木蜜醇等。另外,还含有碳水化合物、蛋白质、粗纤维及多种维生素。
本发明具体实施方式
具体实施例1:
每年4-6月桑葚果实成熟时采收,洗净,去杂质,晒干或略蒸后晒干。
将晾晒好的桑葚泡入10倍量乙醇中,浸泡2-5天以上,加热提取2次,成组分1。
将其余原料药仙茅,熟地,五味子,蒲公英,茯苓,地骨皮,五加皮,制首乌,山茱萸,桑寄生,绞股蓝,黄芪,垂盆草,党参,女贞子,菟丝子,丹皮,栀子,放入重量10倍量乙醇中,浸泡2-5天以上,加热提取2次,成为组分2。
将组分1和组分2合并后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩后的膏剂加蜂蜜调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
具体实施例2:每年4-6月桑葚果实成熟时采收,洗净,去杂质,晒干或略蒸后晒干。大约5000g。将晾晒好的桑葚5000g浸泡置于有盖不锈钢桶内,加70%乙醇液,质量为粗颗粒的0.8-1倍,搅拌均匀,湿润密闭放置1小时以上,使充分膨胀;将渗漉筒底部滤板用纱布袋包裹铺平后再将湿润膨胀后的药物样品拌松弄散,然后用不锈钢勺盛粉,均匀的装入渗漉筒,装10-12厘米厚,用T型棒压匀,再按上述操作,一层一层的装入,适当加压,药粉填装不得超过渗漉筒的2/3高处;药粉面上盖不锈钢孔板压牢,打开渗漉筒下面的放料阀,并放一容器,然后缓缓加入70%乙醇液;待排出药粉粉粒之间的空气,并有乙醇流出约20L左右,关闭放料阀,盖上漉筒、浸渍24小时,然后开放料阀进行渗漉,控制渗漉速度一般为1000g药材每分钟流出2~3ml,滤液放入贮液缸内,并将排空时的乙醇液倒入贮液缸;将渗滤液合并静置,静置备用,作为组分1。将仙茅1200g,熟地1300g,五味子1300g,蒲公英1200g,地骨皮1200g,制首乌1200g,山茱萸1200g,桑寄生1200g,绞股蓝1200g,黄芪1200g,垂盆草1200g,党参1200g,女贞子1200g,菟丝子1200g,丹皮1200g,栀子1200g,放入重量10倍量乙醇中,浸泡15天,然后加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后取上清液,然后放入减压浓缩罐内,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤至滤液的相对密度为20℃时1.06的浸膏,成为组分2。将组分1和组分2合并后,置入双效真空浓缩器中,先将滤液浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.38的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g浸膏,加糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成口服液。
具体实施例3:每年4-6月桑葚果实成熟时采收,洗净,去杂质,晒干或略蒸后晒干。将晾晒好的桑葚4000g泡入10倍量乙醇中,浸泡15天,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,取上清液,合并提取液,100-110目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。将仙茅110g,熟地110g,五味子110g,蒲公英1200g,地骨皮1200g,制首乌1200g,山茱萸1200g,桑寄生1200g,绞股蓝1200g,黄芪110g,垂盆草110g,党参1200g,女贞子1200g,菟丝子110g,丹皮1200g,栀子1200g,将其余原料药材混合,切碎过100~120目筛,过筛后细粉备用,粗颗粒放入耐酸碱浸渍锅,在室温下,与70度以上乙醇一起浸渍2~4天,然后加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,过滤,分离后取滤液;用纱布过滤,残渣中加入50-60%乙醇,60℃-70℃继续浸提2h,每10min搅拌一次,纱布过滤,合并浸提液,浓缩成糊状成为组分2。将组分1和组分2合并后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.50的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1量;浓缩后的膏剂加糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
具体实施例4:每年4-6月桑葚果实成熟时采收,洗净,去杂质,晒干或略蒸后晒干。大约3500g。将晾晒好的桑葚3500g泡入10倍量乙醇中2天,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,取上清液,合并提取液,100-110目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1。将将仙茅110g,熟地110g,五味子110g,蒲公英1200g,地骨皮1200g,制首乌1200g,山茱萸1200g,桑寄生1200g,绞股蓝1200g,黄芪110g,垂盆草110g,党参1200g,女贞子1200g,菟丝子110g,丹皮1200g,栀子1200g,将所述原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后,将颗粒物放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,将上述两种提取液合并,作为组分2;合并组分1组分2减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.50的滤液,回收乙醇,调入糊精或蜂蜜,紫外线杀菌后装瓶。
药理学毒性试验
实验例1:本发明急性毒性试验
一、试验材料:动物:昆明种小鼠,体重19-26g,雌雄各半,山东大学生物试验室育种。药物:本发明(所有原材料混合煎煮2次,合并过滤,取药液)含0.0365mg/ml。
二、方法:
1、LD50计算:采用改良寇氏法,将小鼠随机分成5组,每组10只,雌雄各半,将本发明加蒸馏水溶解,配成最大浓度,按小鼠最大允许容量给药,所给剂量按生药量依次为18,14.4,11.5,9.2,7.4(g.kg-1),在动物禁食(不禁水)18小时后,一日内分两次给药(间隔半小时),每次0.5ml,观察动物死亡情况。
2、最大耐受剂量测定(MTD值):取小鼠20只,雌雄各10只。将本发明加蒸馏水溶解,配成最高浓度,按动物的最大耐受量,以注射灌喂器能抽动为准。在动物禁食(不禁水)18小时后,一日内分两次给药(间隔半小时),每次0.5ml(每ml含生药0.36g),总药量为18g生药/kg.d,相当临床成人50Kg体重用量的300倍。给药后连续观察7天。
三、试验结果:
在LD50计算中当用最大允许浓度和最大允许容量给予小鼠时(18g/Kg.d),未见小鼠死亡,即未测出LD50,只可求最大耐受剂量,在7天观察期中,动物其食欲、活动、毛色、精神状态等皆正常,发育正常,未见有死亡。即选用相当于临床剂量的300倍药量,并无不良反应发生,表明急性毒性极小,MTD>18g/Kg.d。
实验例2:急性毒性及长期毒性的试验结果
急性毒性试验:通过小白鼠一次性灌胃给予本发明,最高浓度35%,最大灌胃容量0.4ml/10g,剂量14g/kg(每g药粉相当于10g生药),连续观察7天,未发现任何毒性反应,因浓度和剂量无法增加,故未能测出该药的LD 50。最大耐受量测定:以最高浓度,最大灌胃容量,小白鼠灌胃给药3次,间隔5小时,然后连续观察7天,无一例死亡。药粉剂量为>42g/kg.日(每g药粉相当于10g生药),按公斤体重计算相当于成人临床日用量的420倍。
长期毒性试验:为观察长期用药是否产生毒性反应,分别给予大鼠本发明饲服,按成人临床日用量的70倍和35倍(即7g/kg/日和3.5g/kg/日),连续给喂8周,未见大鼠的行为、进食、体重出现异常,与对照组比,血常规,肝肾功能,各种重要脏器均无异常改变,在所用药剂量范围内,未曾发现本发明的任何毒副反应。通过动物的急慢性毒性试验证实,本发明安全范围较大,是一种安全可靠的保健品。
药效学实验:
对免疫调节作用
用现代免疫学理论和技术,研究中药对增强与调节机体免疫功能的作用,这对阐明有关中医理论的物质基础有着十分重要的意义。本发明由桑葚等数种天然药物经科学配伍而成。已有的研究发现,本发明口服液可调整机体各系统脏器的功能,对免疫细胞和免疫分子均有调节作用,具有一定提高免疫力作用。现在以实验进一步探讨本发明口服液对免疫力低下小鼠免疫调节作用的分子免疫学机制。
1材料与方法
1.1仪器与试剂本发明口服液由本院制剂科提供;主要原料有:桑葚、仙茅,熟地,五味子,覆盆子,茯苓,地骨皮,五加皮,制首乌,山茱萸,桑寄生,用实施例2的方法制备。注射用环磷酰胺由上海华联制药有限公司提供。细胞因子检测试剂盒均购于美国R&D公司。流式细胞仪,2000FCA,美国BD公司生产。
1.2动物昆明系雄性小鼠30只,6-8周,体重为25±2g,由山东大学实验动物有限责任公司提供。
1.3方法
1.3.1动物模型建立与分组将昆明系雄性小鼠随机分为3组:空白对照组、模型组和药物组,每组10只。空白对照组:实验进程中正常饲养不作任何处理;模型组:腹腔内注射100mg/kg环磷酰胺造成免疫力低下模型,1次/d,连续3天;药物组:腹腔内注射100mg/kg环磷酰胺造成免疫力低下模型,1次/d,连续3天,并在造模第一天在小鼠左胫前肌涂抹给药,0.1mL/只,一周后加强免疫1次,剂量同第一次。4d后采集样本。
1.3.2小鼠免疫器官指数的测定小鼠称量体重后,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,取胸腺、脾脏称其湿重,计算胸腺指数和脾指数:
胸腺指数=胸腺重×1000/体重
脾指数=脾重×1000/体重
1.3.3小鼠血清IgG,IgM水平的测定按试剂盒说明书方法,测定小鼠血清中IgG,IgM含量。
1.3.4小鼠脾组织T淋巴细胞及其亚群CD4+,CD8+及CD4+/CD8+的测定无菌取脾,置于盛有适量无Hank’s液平皿中,用镊子轻轻将脾磨碎,制成单个胞悬液,经200目筛网过滤,将细胞悬浮于1mL的完全培养液中,调整细胞浓度1×109L-1,用微量移液器小心地将100μL充分混匀的脾细胞悬液加到进样管的底部,加20μL单克隆抗体,低速振荡混匀3S,室温避光孵育30min,于countler-PREP破碎红细胞后,上流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群含量。
1.3.5小鼠血清IFN-Y、IL-10水平的测定按试剂盒说明书方法,测定血清中IFN-Y、IL-10的水平。
1.2统计学处理所有数值均以x±s表示,运用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据分析,组间比较采用t检验。以P<0.05作为统计显著性差异标准。
2结果
2.1对免疫力低下小鼠免疫器官的影响由表1得出,与正常对照组相比,模型组脾脏和胸腺指数显著降低,差异有统计学意义,P<0.01。与模型组比较,药物组小鼠脾脏指数明显增加,具有统计学意义,P<0.01,胸腺指数也有所增加,但差异不显著。
表1本发明对免疫力低下小鼠免疫器官重量的的影响(n=10,mean±S)
与正常对照组比:Δ:P<0.05,ΔΔ:P<0.01;与模型组比:*:P<0.05,**:P<0.01
2.2对免疫力低下小鼠脾组织T淋巴亚群的影响由表2看出,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠脾脏CD4+细胞亚群百分比下降,CD8+细胞亚群百分比上升,具有显著差异,P<0.05,CD4+/CD8+比值明显降低,具有极显著性差异,P<0.01。而药物组能明显抵消环磷酰胺破坏免疫力的作用,具有显著性差异,P<0.05。
表2本发明对免疫力低下小鼠体液T细胞亚群的的影响(n=10,mean±SD)
与正常对照组比:ΔP<0.05,ΔΔP<0.05;与比模型组:*P<0.05,**P<0.05。
胸腺、脾脏为机体的重要淋巴器官。胸腺是T细胞发育,分化,成熟的场地,其结构及功能与机体状态紧密相关。胸腺指数的降低以及胸腺萎缩,都是小鼠以细胞免疫为主的免疫抑制的表现。脾脏是体内最大的外周免疫器官,脾脏的免疫细胞以B淋巴细胞为主,而B淋巴细胞是参与体液免疫的主要细胞,因此脾脏与机体体液免疫的关系密切。胸腺指数和脾指数直观的反应了免疫机体功能的强弱。本实验表明,本发明口服液对环磷酰胺所致免疫力低下小鼠脾脏的发育有促进作用,对胸腺的发育也有一定的促进作用。
现代医学研究表明,衰老的本质是干细胞的衰退、免疫力的下降、组织器官功能的退化、抗衰老基因的衰退;因此,科学家认为要提高人体的免疫力,最根本的办法是延缓人体的衰老过程。追求长生不老,延缓生命,是人类几千年来的梦想,人类科学家仍长期不懈地研究有关人类长寿的课题。本实验从一个侧面证实,本发明能明显提高免疫力水平,进而能进一步有效抵抗衰老。
中国传统医学认为桑椹味酸,性微寒,具有提高人体免疫力、补血滋阴、生津止渴、润肠祛燥等功效,主治阴血不足而致的头晕目眩、耳鸣心悸、烦躁失眠、腰膝酸软、须发早白、消渴止干、大便干结、滋阴补血、安神补脑、利关节、去风湿、解酒等功效。
桑椹中含有脂肪酸,主要由亚油酸。硬脂酸及油酸组成,具有分解脂肪,降低血脂,防止血管硬化等作用。健脾胃,助消化:桑椹中含有鞣酸、脂肪酸、苹果酸等营养物质,能帮助脂肪、蛋白质及淀粉的消化,故有健脾胃助消化之功,可用于治疗因消化不良而导致的腹泻。桑椹中含有大量的水分、碳水化合物、多种维生素、胡萝卜素及人体必需的微量元素等,能有效地扩充人体的血容量,且补而不腻,适宜于高血压、妇女病患者食疗。桑椹中含有大量人体所需要的营养物质,还含有乌发素,能使头发变得黑而亮泽,可用来美容。成熟的桑椹果营养丰富,每100克桑椹含水分81.8克,蛋白质1.8克,脂肪0.3克。纤维素4.9克,碳水化合物10克,灰分1.2克,胡萝卜素30微克,硫胺素0.02毫克、核黄素0.06毫克,维生素E6.95毫克,钾33毫克,锌0.27毫克,铜0.08毫克,硒4.8微克。此外,还含有鞣酸,苹果酸,维生素C和脂肪酸等。其脂肪主要为亚油酸、油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸和少量辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚麻酸等。再添加补肺金、滋肾水、敛肺气、止咳喘,补肾精、改善脑力,益智强身的一些气味平和的中药,对人体有一定的抗衰老作用,是一种提高免疫力的保健品。本发明以桑葚为主料,加入一些滋补肝肾、强筋健骨、活血补髓、性味平和的中药,本发明明显改善口感,针对中药气味清苦,口感不佳,使用不方便,做出很大的改善,具有很强的市场前景;诸药合用补肺金、滋肾水、敛肺气、止咳喘,补肾精、改善脑力,故能益智强身,对人体有一定的抗衰老作用,是一种提高免疫力的保健品。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a.桑葚的萃取,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,作为组分2;
c.将上述两种提取液组分1和组分2合并,浓缩后加蜂蜜或糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成口服液剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,每年4-6月桑葚果实成熟时采收,洗净,去杂质,晒干或略蒸后晒干。
3.根据权利要求1所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,进一步包括,将晾晒好的桑葚浸泡置于有盖不锈钢桶内,加70%乙醇液,质量为粗颗粒的0.8-1倍,搅拌均匀,湿润密闭放置1小时以上,使充分膨胀;将渗漉筒底部滤板用纱布袋包裹铺平后再将湿润膨胀后的药物样品拌松弄散,然后用不锈钢勺盛粉,均匀的装入渗漉筒,装10-12厘米厚,用T型棒压匀,再按上述操作,一层一层的装入,适当加压,药粉填装不得超过渗漉筒的2/3高处;药粉面上盖不锈钢孔板压牢,打开渗漉筒下面的放料阀,并放一容器,然后缓缓加入70%乙醇液;待排出药粉粉粒之间的空气,并有乙醇流出约20L左右,关闭放料阀,盖上漉筒、浸渍24小时,然后开放料阀进行渗漉,控制渗漉速度一般为1000g药材每分钟流出2~3ml,滤液放入贮液缸内,并将排空时的乙醇液倒入贮液缸;将渗滤液合并静置,静置备用,作为组分1。
4.根据权利要求1所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,将其余原料药的药放入乙醇中,浸泡1-2天,然后加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;再将上述乙醇提取过的原料药材的药渣加水加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述两种提取液合并,减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.35的滤液,回收乙醇,将所得滤液调整比重到1.38,减压得浸膏,成为组分2。
5.根据权利要求1所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c中,将组分1和组分2合并后,置入双效真空浓缩器中,先将滤液浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.38的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含0.1g浸膏,加糊精调和,消毒杀菌后制备成口服液。
6.一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a.桑葚的制备,作为组分1;
b.将所述其余原料药切碎提取作为组分2;
c.将组分1和组分2混合,浓缩后加适量蜂蜜调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
7.根据权利要求6所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,将晾晒好的桑葚泡入乙醇中1-2天后,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,取上清液,合并提取液,100-110目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成组分1;所述步骤b中,将其余原料药材混合,切碎过100~120目筛,过筛后细粉备用,粗颗粒放入耐酸碱浸渍锅,在室温下,与70度以上乙醇一起浸渍3~7天,然后加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,过滤,分离后取滤液;用纱布过滤,残渣中加入50-60%乙醇,60℃-70℃继续浸提2h,每10min搅拌一次,纱布过滤,合并浸提液,浓缩成糊状成为组分2;所述步骤c中,将组分1和组分2合并后,置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.60的浸膏,浓缩后的膏剂加蜂蜜或糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
8.一种提高免疫力的桑葚口服液,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料药:桑葚10~50份,仙茅10~20份,熟地10~20份,五味子10~20份,蒲公英10~20份,茯苓10~20份,地骨皮10~20份,五加皮10~20份,制首乌10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,桑寄生10~20份,绞股蓝10~20份,黄芪10~20份,垂盆草10~20份,党参10~20份,女贞子10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,丹皮10~20份,栀子10~20份。
9.根据权利要求1所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液,其特征在于,所述桑葚口服液也包括以下重量份的原料药:桑葚10~40份,仙茅10~15份,熟地10~15份,五味子10~15份,蒲公英10~15份,茯苓10~15份,地骨皮10~15份,五加皮10~15份,制首乌10~15份,山茱萸10~15份,桑寄生10~15份,绞股蓝10~20份,黄芪10~20份,垂盆草10~20份,党参10~20份,女贞子10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,丹皮10~20份,栀子10~20份。
10.根据权利要求1所述提高免疫力的桑葚口服液,其特征在于,所述桑葚口服液还包括以下重量份的原料药:桑葚10~30份,仙茅10~20份,熟地10~20份,五味子10~20份,蒲公英10~20份,茯苓10~20份,地骨皮10~20份,五加皮10~20份,制首乌10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,桑寄生10~20份,绞股蓝10~15份,黄芪10~15份,垂盆草10~15份,党参10~15份,女贞子10~15份,菟丝子10~15份,丹皮10~15份,栀子10~15份。
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CN105343625A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-24 | 青岛安倍康生物医药技术有限公司 | 一种排毒除湿利胆的蒲公英口服液及其制备方法 |
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CN105343625A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-24 | 青岛安倍康生物医药技术有限公司 | 一种排毒除湿利胆的蒲公英口服液及其制备方法 |
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