CN105961844A - Feed with hydrolyzed protein and preparation method of feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a feed with hydrolyzed protein and a preparation method of the feed. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of adding prepared raw materials to water, performing heating, adjusting a pH value, adding an emulsifying agent, performing sufficient stirring, adding enzymes, and performing sufficient stirring; adding the obtained mixture to a homogenizing machine for homogenizing treatment; or adding the obtained mixture to an emulsifying machine for emulsifying treatment; or adding the obtained mixture to the homogenizing machine for homogenizing treatment, and then adding the homogenized mixture to the emulsifying machine for the emulsifying treatment; or adding the obtained mixture to the emulsifying machine for the emulsifying treatment, and then adding the emulsified mixture to the homogenizing machine for homogenizing treatment; and then drying obtained semi-finished products to obtain powder, so that the feed with hydrolyzed protein is obtained.

Description

A feed with hydrolyzed protein and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of feed processing, and in particular relates to a feed with hydrolyzed protein and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Animals, especially young animals, in order to achieve the best production performance, must need a certain amount of small peptides. Ordinary feed protein must be degraded in the digestive tract before it can be digested and absorbed. Not only the utilization rate is low, but also a large amount of biological energy consumption is consumed .

In the prior art, the three feed materials of oil, protein and whey powder are emulsified and homogenized, and then spray-dried at high temperature to become solid powder. Or it is a processing method in which oil, protein, whey powder, and feed additives are emulsified and spray-dried to become feed raw materials.

The above process plays a positive role in improving feed processing efficiency, promoting animal digestion and absorption, and improving feed emulsification and solubility. But they have a significant disadvantage: the protein in the prepared feed cannot be directly absorbed by the animal's digestive tract.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a feed with hydrolyzed protein and a preparation method thereof for the above problems.

For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A preparation method of feed with hydrolyzed protein, the preparation method comprising:

(1) Add the prepared raw materials into the water, add the emulsifier after heating and pH adjustment, and then add the enzyme to fully stir; the purpose of pH adjustment is to provide reaction conditions for the reaction in which the enzyme participates, and the purpose of heating is to provide emulsification. Provide reaction conditions at the same time as the reaction in which the enzyme participates;

(2) The mixture obtained in step (1) is added to a homogenizer for homogenization; or the mixture obtained in step (1) is added to an emulsifier for emulsification; or the mixture obtained in step (1) The mixture is added into a homogenizer for homogenization, and then the homogenized mixture is added to an emulsifier for emulsification; or the mixture obtained in step (1) is added to an emulsifier for emulsification, and then Add the emulsified mixture to a homogenizer for homogenization;

(3) Drying the semi-finished product obtained in step (2) into powder to obtain a feed with hydrolyzed protein.

Preferably, whey powder, 0-60% vegetable protein, 0-60% animal protein, 0-60% vegetable oil, and 0-60% animal oil are carried out in proportion by mass percentage It is mixed and made into raw materials, and at least one of vegetable protein or animal protein exists.

Preferably, the heating temperature in step (1) is controlled within the range of 30-100°C.

Preferably, the pH in step (1) is controlled within the range of 1.5-9.5.

Preferably, the enzymes include protease and carbohydrase, lipase, flavor enzyme, cellulase, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, subtilis, redox enzymes, isomerase, enzyme inhibitor, enzyme activator one or more. That is, at least protease is included. Protease is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. Carbohydrases work by cleaving the chemical bonds that hold the monosaccharides together in polysaccharides, degrading the polysaccharides into smaller molecules. Lipase belongs to the carboxyl ester hydrolase class, which can gradually hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. Oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze redox reactions and can be divided into two categories: oxidases and reductases. Lactobacillus is a genus of Lactobacillus family, named for the large amount of lactic acid produced by fermenting sugar. It exists widely and is acidophilic. The optimal pH for survival is 5.5-6.0. Of course, it can still survive in an environment with a pH of 3.0-4.5. It has the strongest acid resistance among non-bacillus bacteria. Bifidobacterium is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, a species of Bacillus isolated from the intestinal tract of breastfed infants. Isomerase, also known as isomerase, is a general term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of isomers. Enzyme inhibitors are a class of molecules that bind to enzymes and reduce their activity. Since inhibiting the activity of specific enzymes can kill pathogens or correct metabolic imbalances, many related drugs are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme activator is a substance that turns an inactive enzyme into an active enzyme.

The present invention also provides a feed with hydrolyzed protein prepared according to any one of the preparation methods described above.

The vegetable protein described in the preparation method of the present invention includes: pea protein, wheat protein, barley protein, oat protein, soybean protein concentrate, rice protein, soybean protein isolate, soybean texture protein, soybean meal, peanut protein, soybean flour, pea flour One or more of plant proteins such as broad bean powder, sesame powder, peanut powder; the animal protein includes: one or more of animal protein such as fish meal, plasma protein, hemoglobulin; Oils and fats include: one or more of vegetable oils such as soybean oil, soybean lecithin, coconut oil, olive oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, cotton oil; Animal fat includes one or more of lard, chicken fat, duck fat, butter, butter; the emulsifier includes: acetic acid and fatty acid glycerides, lactic acid and fatty acid glycerides, cholic acid, lecithin, One or more of polyglycerol ricinoleate, polyethylene ricinoleate, sodium caseinate, polysorbate (sorbitan fatty acid ester), Tween and other food and feed additives with emulsifying function; The enzymes include protease, carbohydrase, lipase, flavor enzyme, cellulase, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis, redox enzymes, isomerase and other substances with biocatalysis, enzyme inhibitors and One or more of enzyme activators. The homogenizer in the present invention includes all machines with homogenization function, and the emulsification machine includes all machines with emulsification function.

The preparation method of feed with hydrolyzed protein provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The investment cost required for the preparation method of feed with hydrolyzed protein provided by the present invention is smaller, the production process is more concise and practical, and the floor space is small, and the homogenization treatment and/or emulsification machine are carried out in the homogenizer The hydrolysis reaction occurs during the emulsification treatment, which greatly shortens the processing time. Therefore, energy consumption can be saved, which is especially practical in the context of the country's promotion of reducing air pollution and prohibiting coal burning;

(2) The preparation method of the feed with hydrolyzed protein provided by the present invention adopts four kinds of production techniques of first emulsifying and then homogenizing, first homogenizing and then emulsifying, full-process emulsifying, and full-process homogenizing. Smaller and more uniform, so that the enzyme and other materials can fully contact and react, or the emulsifier can be used to rotate at high speed, shear, disperse, impact, and strengthen the mutual penetration between materials and enzymes, thereby enhancing the effect of hydrolysis;

(3) The preparation method of the feed with hydrolyzed protein provided by the present invention promotes the hydrolysis of the protein in the material into small peptides through the hydrolysis reaction under the action of enzymes in the homogenizer and/or emulsifier, and the small peptides can be Animals directly digest and absorb, which is particularly meaningful in high-grade aquatic feed, because the digestive tract of many high-grade aquatic products is relatively short, the digestion and absorption of protein is incomplete, and it is easy to cause waste of protein in the feed, and the preparation method provided by the present invention There are hydrolyzed small peptides in the obtained feed, which can be absorbed by aquatic animals without hindrance; the feed obtained by the preparation method provided by the present invention is more suitable for young animals, because the digestive tract of young animals is underdeveloped, and the secretion of protease and lipase is insufficient , Feeding ordinary protein can easily lead to indigestion, atrophy of the chorionic epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and a series of problems such as diarrhea, growth stagnation, and even death. However, the small peptides formed in the feed obtained by the preparation method provided by the present invention can be directly absorbed by young animals, thereby solving the weaning problem of young animals;

(4) The small peptide contained in the feed obtained by the preparation method of the feed with hydrolyzed protein provided by the present invention can protect easily destroyed amino acids in the intestinal tract. Simple amino acids will recombine peptides and proteins in vivo according to needs, and the mixture of small peptides and amino acids can protect amino acids through small peptides, thereby saving part of the amino acids that need to be recombined, thus making the preparation method provided by the present invention The biological evaluation of the obtained feed is higher, and at the same time, the amount of protein raw materials can be reduced in feed processing, which is especially important in high-grade aquatic feed and young animal feed, because the protein raw materials used in high-grade aquatic feed and young animal feed, such as fish meal, The prices of milk powder, whey protein, and plasma eggs are all above 10,000 yuan per ton.

(5) The preparation method of feed with hydrolyzed protein provided by the present invention can also increase the hydrolysis of animal fat and vegetable oil by adding an enzyme combination containing lipase, thereby enhancing the animal's ability to digest animal fat and vegetable oil , enhance the resistance of animals, and promote growth.

The feed prepared by the preparation method of the feed with hydrolyzed protein provided by the invention has the following advantages:

(1) It replaces fat, protein, lactose, and has good palatability, and improves animal feed intake;

(2) Improve the utilization rate of protein and oil in the feed, reduce the waste of protein feed and energy feed;

(3) The content of small peptides in the feed is high, which is suitable for raising high-grade aquatic products and solving the weaning problem of young animals;

(4) Anti-stress, especially in hot seasons, can reduce "body heat gain" and effectively relieve heat stress; increase energy intake in cold seasons, increase nutrition needed for growth, and improve production performance;

(5) Increase the lactation volume and milk fat rate of sows, thereby increasing the survival rate of piglets and the weight of weaned litters;

(6) Improve the palatability and digestibility of suckling pigs, significantly increase the growth rate, reduce the ratio of feed to meat, and improve the efficiency of feed use;

(7) Improve the egg production performance of laying poultry, prolong the peak period of egg production, and improve the growth rate and meat quality of meat poultry;

(8) Prolong the storage time of feed, facilitate transportation, and significantly improve the uniformity of refinement, and improve the economic benefits of comprehensive use;

(9) It can convert liquid oil into solid powder, easy to add, and can be used after being evenly mixed with other feed materials, which is convenient for processing.

detailed description

The present invention is further described in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Through hydrolysis of protein, the product of hydrolysis into dipeptide or tripeptide is easier to absorb in the human body than free amino acid, and easier to absorb than protein without hydrolysis. Therefore, when using different protein enzymes to hydrolyze protein, it must be hydrolyzed degree measurement.

Definition of degree of hydrolysis: The degree of hydrolysis DH of protein represents the degree or percentage of peptide bonds being cleaved during protein hydrolysis.

The detection method is as follows: take 5.00ml of hydrolyzed protein solution in a small beaker, add 60ml of distilled water, then magnetically stir and measure the pH value with a precision pH meter, then titrate to pH=8.2 with 0.05mol/l NaOH solution, and then add Reconcile 10ml of formaldehyde solution, then titrate to pH=9.2, record the volume of 0.05mol/l NaOH solution consumed after its pH value is titrated from 8.2 to 9.2, and do reagent blank titration experiment (distilled water) at the same time, then calculate its degree of hydrolysis . The formula for calculating the degree of hydrolysis DH is as follows:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 8</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \%</span>}$

C is NaOH concentration, the unit is mol/l;

V ₁ and V ₂ are the volumes of NaOH consumed by the sample and the blank respectively, both of which are dropped from pH 8.2 to 9.2, and the unit is ml;

V is the volume of proteolysis solution, in ml;

M is the mass of the sample, in g;

P is the mass percentage of protein in the raw material, in %;

8 is the number of millimoles of peptide bonds per gram of protein mmol/g (refer to the value of soybean protein, if other proteins are different, a slight adjustment can be made).

Example 1

Add 150kg of whey powder, 500kg of soybean protein, 250kg of lard, and 150kg of soybean oil into 2000kg of water. The temperature is controlled between 50-60°C and the pH value is about 7.0. Add 5kg of emulsifier, stir, and add 1.5kg of neutral protease , papain 1.5kg, lipase 1.0kg, stir, homogeneous refinement by homogenizer, pressure about 29-35MPa, then enter emulsifier for processing, emulsifier rotor speed is about 1200r/min, in static grinding, After strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects are formed in the reasonably narrow gap between the movable grinding plate and the propeller blade, it takes about 90 minutes to spray the semi-finished material The drying tower is spray-dried to become powder, and the dried product is sieved, measured, and packaged. Its degree of hydrolysis is 13.7%.

Example 2

Put 50kg of whey powder, 160kg of coconut oil, 290kg of palm oil, and 500kg of soybean meal into a 2000kg aqueous solution with a pH value of 6.5-7.5. The temperature is controlled at about 60°C. Add 10kg of emulsifier, stir, and add 1.5kg of Bacillus subtilis. Papain 1.5kg, bromelain 1.0kg, stirred, homogenized and refined by a homogenizer, the pressure is about 40-45MPa, and then enters the emulsifier for processing. The rotor speed of the emulsifier is about 18000r/min. After the combined effect of strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, and liquid flow collision is formed in the reasonably narrow gap between the moving grinding discs, the material is circulated in the container through the circulation tube. , which lasted about 300 minutes, the semi-finished material was spray-dried through a spray drying tower to become a powder, and the dried product was sieved, measured, and packaged. Its degree of hydrolysis is 8.7%.

Example 3

Put 150kg of whey powder, 195kg of coconut oil, 200kg of palm oil, and 440kg of wheat protein into 2000kg of aqueous solution with a pH value between 1.5-3.0. Pepsin 5kg, stirred, and then enter the emulsification machine for processing, the rotor speed of the emulsification machine is about 2900r/min, forming strong, reciprocating hydraulic shearing, After the comprehensive effects of friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision, etc., it takes about 120 minutes, and then enters the high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization, the pressure is about 20MPa, the material is refined, and the semi-finished product is spray-dried through the spray drying tower. Become a powder, dry the product, sieve, measure, and pack. Its degree of hydrolysis is 18.6%.

Example 4

Put 50kg of whey powder, 350kg of palm oil, 100kg of coconut oil, and 500kg of rice protein into 2000kg of aqueous solution with a pH value of 5.5-6.5. The temperature is controlled at about 45-60°C. Add 20kg of emulsifier, stir, and add pineapple Protease 4kg, cellulase 1.5kg, stir, and then enter the emulsifier for processing. The rotor speed of the emulsifier is 8000r/min, and a strong, reciprocating liquid is formed in a reasonably narrow gap between the stator, rotor, and propeller blades. After the comprehensive effects of force shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision, etc., it takes about 120 minutes, and then enters the high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization, the pressure is about 280MPa, the material is refined, and the semi-finished product is sprayed through the spray drying tower dry. Become a powder, dry the product, sieve, measure, and pack. Its degree of hydrolysis is 13.7%.

Example 5

Put 150kg of whey powder, 250kg of soybean protein, 250kg of rice protein, 100kg of coconut oil, and 250kg of palm oil into 2000kg of aqueous solution with a pH value of 6.5-7.5. The temperature is controlled at about 45°C. Add 15kg of emulsifier, stir, and add Flavor enzyme 1kg, Bacillus subtilis 1.5kg, Bromelain 2.5kg, then enter the emulsification machine for processing, the rotor speed of the emulsification machine is 4800r/min, forming a strong, The comprehensive effects of reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision, etc., lasted about 120 minutes, and the semi-finished product was spray-dried through the spray drying tower. Become a powder, dry the product, sieve, measure, and pack. Its degree of hydrolysis is 10.7%.

Example 6

Put 100kg of whey powder, 150kg of coconut oil, 250kg of palm oil, 250kg of wheat protein, and 200kg of soybean protein into 2000kg of aqueous solution with a pH value of 6.5-7.5. The temperature is controlled at about 35-40°C. Add 20kg of emulsifier and stir. , add 1.5kg of Bacillus subtilis and 2.5kg of bromelain, and then enter the emulsification machine for processing. The rotor speed of the emulsification machine is about 2000-2900r/min, forming a strong , reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects, it takes about 200 minutes, and the semi-finished product is spray-dried through the spray drying tower. Become a powder, dry the product, sieve, measure, and pack. Its degree of hydrolysis is 15.5%.

Example 7

Put 500kg of whey powder, 250kg of soybean protein, and 250kg of rice protein into 1000kg of aqueous solution, the pH value is 8.0-9.5, and the temperature is controlled at about 50°C. Add 25kg of emulsifier, 2.0kg of trypsin, and 2.5kg of alkaline protease 1.5kg of Luo Han Guo protease, and then enter the high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization, the pressure can be adjusted freely within 400MPa, and the material is circulated in the container through the circulation tube to achieve the purpose of refinement, and then stirred for 300 minutes, the semi-finished product After being dried by a dryer, the dried product is crushed, sieved, measured, and packaged. Its degree of hydrolysis is 9.7%.

Example 8

Put 150kg of whey powder, 100kg of coconut oil, 150kg of palm oil, 200kg of soybean protein, and 175kg of rice protein into 700kg of water, the pH value is 6.3-7.5, the temperature is controlled at about 50-60°C, add 25kg of emulsifier, stir, add 1.5kg of Bacillus subtilis, 1.5kg of papain, and then enter the high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization, the pressure can be adjusted freely within 400MPa, and the materials are circulated in the container through the circulation pipe to achieve the purpose of refinement, and then stir again 360 minutes, the semi-finished product is dried by the dryer, and the dried product is crushed, sieved, measured, and packaged. Its degree of hydrolysis is 13.7%.

Example 9

Add 50kg of whey powder, 500kg of rice protein, 250kg of palm oil, and 150kg of soybean oil into 2000kg of water, keep the temperature between 50-60°C and the pH value at about 7.0, add 5kg of emulsifier, stir, and add 1.5kg of neutral protease 1.5kg of papain, stirred, homogenized and refined by a homogenizer, the pressure is about 15-25MPa, then added and then entered into an emulsifier for processing. The rotor speed of the emulsifier is about 2900r/min. After forming strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects in the reasonably narrow gap between the blades and propeller blades, the materials are circulated and reciprocated in the container through the circulation pipe. The process lasts about 90 minutes, and the semi-finished material is spray-dried through a spray drying tower to become a powder. The dried product is sieved, measured, and packaged. Its degree of hydrolysis is 11.3%.

Example 10

Add 670kg of soybean flour and 330kg of palm oil into 2000kg of water, the pH is 5.5-7, the temperature is controlled at about 35-40°C, add 10kg of emulsifier, stir, add 3kg of Lactobacillus and 1.5kg of Bifidobacterium, and then enter the emulsification machine for further processing Processing, the rotating speed is about 11000r/min, forming strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision, etc. After the comprehensive effect, after 150 minutes, the semi-finished product is spray-dried through the spray drying tower. Become a powder, dry the product, sieve, measure, and pack. Its degree of hydrolysis is 9.8%.

Example 11

Put 50kg of whey powder, 160kg of coconut oil, 290kg of palm oil, and 500kg of wheat protein into 2000kg of aqueous solution with a pH value of 6.5-7.5. The temperature is controlled at about 60°C. Add 10kg of emulsifier, stir, and add 1.5kg of Bacillus subtilis , papain 1.5kg, bromelain 1.0kg, stirring, homogeneous refinement by homogenizer, pressure is about 80MPa, then enters emulsification machine for processing, emulsification machine rotor speed is 2900r/min, about, in static grinding, In the reasonably narrow gap between the movable grinding plate and the propeller blade, strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects are formed, and the material is circulated in the container through the circulation pipe. The above working process lasted about 300 minutes, and the semi-finished material was spray-dried through the spray drying tower to become powder, and the dried product was sieved, measured, and packaged. Its degree of hydrolysis is 15.2%.

The specific implementation above is used to explain the present invention, and it is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, rather than restricting the present invention. Within the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, any modification and equivalent replacement made to the present invention , improvements, etc., all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the preparation method of a feedstuff with hydrolyzed protein, it is characterised in that described preparation method includes:

(1) raw material worked good is added to the water, adds emulsifying agent after heated and pH regulator and be sufficiently stirred for, be subsequently adding enzyme and be sufficiently stirred for；

(2) mixture obtained in step (1) is joined homogenizer carries out homogenizing process；Or the mixture obtained in step (1) is joined mulser carries out emulsifying；Or being joined by the mixture obtained in step (1) and carry out homogenizing process in homogenizer, the mixture after then being processed by homogenizing joins and carries out emulsifying in mulser；Or the mixture obtained in step (1) is joined mulser carries out emulsifying, then the mixture after emulsifying is joined and homogenizer carries out homogenizing process；

(3) semi-finished product obtained in step (2) are dried into powder, i.e. obtain a kind of feedstuff with hydrolyzed protein.

2. according to the preparation method of a kind of feedstuff with hydrolyzed protein described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, whey powder that mass percent is 1 ~ 60%, the vegetable protein of 0 ~ 80%, the animal proteinum of 0 ~ 80%, the Vegetable oil lipoprotein of 0 ~ 80%, the animal oil of 0 ~ 80% are carried out mixing in proportion and is made into raw material, and at least there is the one in vegetable protein or animal proteinum.

3. according to the preparation method of a kind of feedstuff with hydrolyzed protein described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), heating and temperature control is in the range of 30 ~ 100 DEG C.

4. according to the preparation method of a kind of feedstuff with hydrolyzed protein described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), pH controls in the range of 1.5 ~ 9.5.

5. according to the preparation method of a kind of feedstuff with hydrolyzed protein described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described enzyme includes one or more in protease and carbohydrase, lipase, food flavor enzyme, cellulase, lactobacillus, bifidus bacillus, bacillus subtilis, redox enzymes, isomerase, enzyme inhibitor, zymoexciter.

6. the basis above preparation-obtained feedstuff with hydrolyzed protein of preparation method described in any one claim.