CN105954104B - Rock crack mesoscopic structure detection system and detection method based on PET/CT - Google Patents
Rock crack mesoscopic structure detection system and detection method based on PET/CT Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测系统，包括：示踪剂注入装置、三轴压力加载装置和PET/CT机，所述示踪剂注入装置，用于将示踪剂注入试样内直至其内部饱和；所述三轴加载装置，用于对上述内部饱和的试样进行加载，使其产生裂纹，还用于通过进一步加载使该试样被完全破坏；所述PET/CT机，用于实时采集所述试样加载过程中的示踪剂图像和CT图像，并对所述示踪剂图像和CT图像进行图像融合，得到图像融合后的PET/CT图像。本发明还提供一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测方法。本发明提高了岩石扫描图像的分辨率，从而实现对岩石裂纹细观结构进行准确识别和定量表征。
The invention relates to a PET/CT-based rock crack mesostructure detection system, comprising: a tracer injection device, a triaxial pressure loading device and a PET/CT machine, and the tracer injection device is used to inject the tracer The agent is injected into the sample until its interior is saturated; the triaxial loading device is used to load the above-mentioned internally saturated sample to cause cracks, and is also used to completely destroy the sample by further loading; The PET/CT machine is used to collect tracer images and CT images during the sample loading process in real time, and perform image fusion on the tracer images and CT images to obtain a PET/CT image after image fusion. The invention also provides a method for detecting the mesoscopic structure of rock cracks based on PET/CT. The invention improves the resolution of rock scanning images, thereby realizing accurate identification and quantitative characterization of rock crack mesostructure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测系统及检测方法。The invention relates to a PET/CT-based rock crack mesostructure detection system and detection method.
背景技术Background technique
近几年来，PET/CT技术将正电子发射断层显像技术(PET)与CT技术融为一体，PET成像采用正电子示踪剂，由PET获得的靶区内部分子信息，提供靶区断层示踪剂分布图像，而CT精确定位；同时进行PET显像和CT显像，并由工作站将两种图像融合到一起，以达到更好的鉴别和定位效果，相对传统的分析方法具有灵敏、准确、特异及定位精确等特点，受到了医学界的公认和广泛关注。In recent years, PET/CT technology has integrated positron emission tomography (PET) and CT technology. PET imaging uses positron tracers, and the internal molecular information of the target area obtained by PET provides a tomographic display of the target area. Tracer distribution image, and CT precise positioning; PET imaging and CT imaging are performed simultaneously, and the two images are fused together by the workstation to achieve better identification and positioning results. Compared with traditional analysis methods, it is more sensitive and accurate. , specificity, and precise positioning have been recognized and widely concerned by the medical community.
岩石CT扫描研究中发现(见图1)，在宏观裂纹出现之前，由于周围间隙现象，图像中裂纹部位的CT数比理论值(1000)高得多，而附近矿物的CT值受裂纹影响其CT数比理论值(2000左右)低得多，造成岩石基质和微裂纹的CT扫描图像差异很小，严重制约了CT扫描图像的分辨率，尚难以准确识别和定量获得岩石变形破裂过程中的裂纹细观结构特征。In the study of rock CT scanning (see Figure 1), it was found that before the appearance of macroscopic cracks, the CT number of cracks in the image was much higher than the theoretical value (1000) due to the phenomenon of surrounding gaps, and the CT value of nearby minerals was affected by cracks. The CT number is much lower than the theoretical value (about 2000), resulting in very little difference between the CT scan images of the rock matrix and microcracks, which seriously restricts the resolution of the CT scan images, and it is still difficult to accurately identify and quantitatively obtain the cracks in the process of rock deformation and fracture. Microstructural features of cracks.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测系统及检测方法，从而提高岩石扫描图像的分辨率，实现对岩石裂纹细观结构进行准确识别和定量表征。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a PET/CT-based rock crack mesostructure detection system and detection method, thereby improving the resolution of rock scanning images and realizing accurate identification and quantitative characterization of rock crack mesostructure.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测方法，包括以下步骤：The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a method for detecting the mesoscopic structure of rock cracks based on PET/CT comprises the following steps:
S1、向试样中注入示踪剂，直至试样内部饱和；S1. Inject the tracer into the sample until the inside of the sample is saturated;
S2、对所述试样进行加载，使试样产生裂纹直至被完全破坏，实时采集加载过程中试样的示踪剂图像和CT图像；S2. Load the sample so that the sample is cracked until it is completely destroyed, and collect tracer images and CT images of the sample during the loading process in real time;
S3、对所述示踪剂图像和CT图像进行图像融合，获得融合后的PET/CT图像。S3. Perform image fusion on the tracer image and the CT image to obtain a fused PET/CT image.
本发明的有益效果是，先将示踪剂(一般是正电示踪剂)加压注入到岩石中，当对试样加载使试样内部产生裂纹时，示踪剂在液压作用下进入裂纹中，借助PET机对裂纹中示踪剂释放的正电子进行扫描，获得裂纹局部区域图像，采用CT机X射线衰减对PET图像进行精确定位和融合，可大大缩短数据采集时间，并克服周围间隙现象，提高图像分辨率，实现对岩石裂纹细观结构进行准确识别和定量表征，深入研究控制围岩变形破裂宏观行为的细观机理，对于岩石力学与工程学科的发展也将起到积极的推动作用，对我国重大岩土工程的设计、建设及其对环境影响具有重大的科学意义和价值。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the tracer (generally a positively charged tracer) is injected into the rock under pressure, and when the sample is loaded to cause cracks inside the sample, the tracer enters the crack under hydraulic action , with the help of a PET machine to scan the positrons released by the tracer in the crack to obtain an image of the local area of the crack, and use the X-ray attenuation of the CT machine to precisely locate and fuse the PET image, which can greatly shorten the data acquisition time and overcome the phenomenon of surrounding gaps , improve image resolution, realize accurate identification and quantitative characterization of rock crack mesostructure, and in-depth study of the mesoscopic mechanism that controls the macroscopic behavior of deformation and fracture of surrounding rock will also play a positive role in promoting the development of rock mechanics and engineering disciplines , which has great scientific significance and value for the design and construction of major geotechnical projects in China and their impact on the environment.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进。On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
进一步，所述步骤S1中，通过高精度计量泵以增加渗透压的方式将示踪剂注入所述试样中。Further, in the step S1, the tracer is injected into the sample by means of a high-precision metering pump to increase the osmotic pressure.
所述示踪剂经过稀释后注入试样中。The tracer is diluted and injected into the sample.
步骤S2中所述实时采集是指，以一定频率连续拍摄试样的示踪剂图和CT图。The real-time acquisition in step S2 refers to continuously shooting the tracer image and CT image of the sample at a certain frequency.
采用上述进一步的有益效果是，高精度计量泵可以精确控制示踪剂的注入压力和注入示踪剂的总量，稀释后的示踪剂可以降低其黏度，便于渗入细小缝隙之中，当示踪剂过于浓稠时，会导致图像模糊。连续拍摄示踪剂图和CT图，最终可得到多组图像融合后的PET/CT图组，通过这些图组即可了解岩石在三轴压缩破坏过程中的裂纹细观结构的演化规律。The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is that the high-precision metering pump can accurately control the injection pressure of the tracer and the total amount of the injected tracer, and the diluted tracer can reduce its viscosity and facilitate penetration into small gaps. When the tracer is too thick, it can cause blurred images. The tracer images and CT images are continuously taken, and finally a PET/CT image group after multiple sets of image fusion can be obtained. Through these image groups, the evolution law of the crack mesostructure of the rock during the triaxial compression failure process can be understood.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明还提供一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测系统，包括：示踪剂注入装置、三轴压力加载装置和PET/CT机，In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a PET/CT-based rock crack mesostructure detection system, including: a tracer injection device, a triaxial pressure loading device and a PET/CT machine,
所述示踪剂注入装置，用于将示踪剂注入试样内直至其内部饱和；The tracer injection device is used to inject the tracer into the sample until its interior is saturated;
所述三轴压力加载装置，用于对上述内部饱和的试样进行加载，使其产生裂纹，还用于通过进一步加载使该试样被完全破坏；The triaxial pressure loading device is used to load the above-mentioned internally saturated sample to cause cracks, and is also used to completely destroy the sample by further loading;
所述PET/CT机，用于实时采集所述试样加载过程中的示踪剂图像和CT图像，并对所述示踪剂图像和CT图像进行图像融合，得到图像融合后的PET/CT图像。The PET/CT machine is used to collect tracer images and CT images in the process of loading the sample in real time, and perform image fusion on the tracer images and CT images to obtain a PET/CT image after image fusion image.
所述示踪剂注入装置包括用于调节示踪剂注入压力和注入流量的高精度闭环伺服计量泵。The tracer injection device includes a high-precision closed-loop servo metering pump for adjusting tracer injection pressure and injection flow.
所述三轴压力加载装置包括高精度三轴压力伺服泵、压力实验舱和三轴压力室，所述高精度三轴压力伺服泵用于对试样进行加载，所述压力实验舱用于穿透X射线和正电子射线，保证示踪剂图像和CT图像的分辨率，所述三轴压力室用于固定试样，确保加载过程中试样与PET/CT机的相对位置不变。The triaxial pressure loading device includes a high-precision triaxial pressure servo pump, a pressure test cabin and a triaxial pressure chamber. The high-precision triaxial pressure servo pump is used to load the sample, and the pressure test cabin is used to wear It is transparent to X-rays and positron rays to ensure the resolution of tracer images and CT images. The triaxial pressure chamber is used to fix the sample to ensure that the relative position of the sample and the PET/CT machine remains unchanged during the loading process.
所述压力实验舱采用PEEK玻纤增强材料制成。The pressure test chamber is made of PEEK glass fiber reinforced material.
本技术方案的有益效果是，通过三轴压力室确保加载过程中试样与PET/CT机的相对位置不变，才能对多张PET/CT图进行分析，得出岩石在三轴压缩破坏过程中的裂纹细观结构的演化规律。采用易穿透正电子/X射线的PEEK玻纤增强材料研制压力实验仓，既能保证结构安全性，又克服了传统重金属压力实验仓吸收正电子/X射线的缺点，提高PET/CT机扫描成像精度。The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the relative position of the sample and the PET/CT machine is not changed during the loading process through the triaxial pressure chamber, so that multiple PET/CT images can be analyzed, and the failure process of the rock under triaxial compression can be obtained. The evolution law of the crack mesostructure in . The pressure test chamber is developed with PEEK glass fiber reinforced material that can easily penetrate positrons/X-rays, which can not only ensure structural safety, but also overcome the shortcomings of traditional heavy metal pressure test chambers to absorb positrons/X-rays, and improve PET/CT machine scanning Imaging accuracy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测方法的步骤流程图；Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of a method for detecting the mesostructure of rock cracks based on PET/CT of the present invention;
图2为一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测系统结构图；Figure 2 is a structure diagram of a PET/CT-based rock crack mesostructure detection system;
图3为岩石细观结构的PET/CT图像与常规CT图像的对比图。Fig. 3 is a comparison between PET/CT images of rock mesostructure and conventional CT images.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测方法，包括以下步骤：A method for detecting the mesoscopic structure of rock cracks based on PET/CT, comprising the following steps:
S1、向试样中注入示踪剂，直至试样内部饱和；S1. Inject the tracer into the sample until the inside of the sample is saturated;
S2、对所述试样进行加载，使试样产生裂纹直至被完全破坏，实时采集加载过程中试样的示踪剂图像和CT图像；S2. Loading the sample to cause cracks in the sample until it is completely destroyed, and collecting tracer images and CT images of the sample during the loading process in real time;
S3、对所述示踪剂图像和CT图像进行图像融合，获得融合后的PET/CT图像。S3. Perform image fusion on the tracer image and the CT image to obtain a fused PET/CT image.
所述步骤S1中，通过高精度计量泵以增加渗透压的方式将示踪剂注入所述试样中。In the step S1, the tracer is injected into the sample by means of a high-precision metering pump to increase the osmotic pressure.
所述示踪剂经过稀释后注入试样中。The tracer is diluted and injected into the sample.
对目前常用的医学用示踪剂进行筛选，对具有不同流动孔喉半径、裂纹开度的多种类型岩石进行示踪剂压力弥散试验，对选择合适的显像示踪剂；研制高精度闭环伺服计量泵，向放置在三轴压力室中的岩石内部注入显像示踪剂，从而能够使应力作用下的裂纹被显像示踪剂饱和，并精确控制注入的压力和流量，反演获得裂纹体积变化。Screen the currently commonly used medical tracers, conduct tracer pressure dispersion tests on various types of rocks with different flow pore throat radii and crack openings, and select appropriate imaging tracers; develop high-precision closed-loop The servo metering pump injects the imaging tracer into the rock placed in the triaxial pressure chamber, so that the cracks under the stress can be saturated by the imaging tracer, and the injected pressure and flow are precisely controlled, and the inversion obtains Crack volume changes.
步骤S2中所述实时采集是指，以一定频率连续拍摄试样的示踪剂图和CT图。The real-time acquisition in step S2 refers to continuously shooting the tracer image and CT image of the sample at a certain frequency.
一种基于PET/CT的岩石裂纹细观结构检测系统，包括：示踪剂注入装置3、三轴压力加载装置1和PET/CT机2，A PET/CT-based rock crack mesostructure detection system, including: a tracer injection device 3, a triaxial pressure loading device 1 and a PET/CT machine 2,
所述示踪剂注入装置，用于将示踪剂注入试样内直至其内部饱和；The tracer injection device is used to inject the tracer into the sample until its interior is saturated;
所述三轴压力加载装置，用于对上述内部饱和的试样进行加载，使其产生裂纹，还用于通过进一步加载使该试样被完全破坏；The triaxial pressure loading device is used to load the above-mentioned internally saturated sample to cause cracks, and is also used to completely destroy the sample by further loading;
所述PET/CT机，用于实时采集所述试样加载过程中的示踪剂图像和CT图像，并对所述示踪剂图像和CT图像进行图像融合，得到图像融合后的PET/CT图像。The PET/CT machine is used to collect tracer images and CT images in the process of loading the sample in real time, and perform image fusion on the tracer images and CT images to obtain a PET/CT image after image fusion image.
所述示踪剂注入装置包括用于调节示踪剂注入压力和注入流量的高精度闭环伺服计量泵。The tracer injection device includes a high-precision closed-loop servo metering pump for adjusting tracer injection pressure and injection flow.
所述三轴压力加载装置包括高精度三轴压力伺服泵、压力实验舱和三轴压力室，所述高精度三轴压力伺服泵用于对试样进行加载，所述压力实验舱用于穿透X射线和正电子射线，保证示踪剂图像和CT图像的分辨率，所述三轴压力室用于固定试样，确保加载过程中试样与PET/CT机的相对位置不变。The triaxial pressure loading device includes a high-precision triaxial pressure servo pump, a pressure test cabin and a triaxial pressure chamber. The high-precision triaxial pressure servo pump is used to load the sample, and the pressure test cabin is used to wear It is transparent to X-rays and positron rays to ensure the resolution of tracer images and CT images. The triaxial pressure chamber is used to fix the sample to ensure that the relative position of the sample and the PET/CT machine remains unchanged during the loading process.
所述压力实验舱采用PEEK玻纤增强材料制成。The pressure test chamber is made of PEEK glass fiber reinforced material.
设计一体式三轴压力加载装置，解决目前三轴压力室尺寸大的问题，并且将压力实验舱和轴向压力实验仓通过法兰固定，形成一体式的三压力加载装置，达到小型化的要求，满足易穿透正电子/X射线、可加载三轴应力、可安放于PET/CT机定位床上等要求。Design an integrated triaxial pressure loading device to solve the problem of large size of the current triaxial pressure chamber, and fix the pressure test chamber and axial pressure test chamber through flanges to form an integrated triaxial pressure loading device to meet the requirements of miniaturization , to meet the requirements of easy penetration of positrons/X-rays, loadable triaxial stress, and placement on the positioning bed of PET/CT machines.
采用有机玻璃研制一种外基准框架，保证PET和CT扫描获得准确的空间对位；采用PET探测正电子核素在岩石内部的裂纹分布情况，获得裂纹局部区域的位置、形状；然后采用CT扫描进行空间定位，融合PET图像，综合应用统计学方法和图像融合精度分析方法，对裂纹的细观结构进行定量分析和表征，实时获得三轴应力条件下裂纹细观结构的演化规律。Use plexiglass to develop an external reference frame to ensure accurate spatial alignment between PET and CT scans; use PET to detect the crack distribution of positron nuclides inside the rock, and obtain the position and shape of the local area of the crack; then use CT scan Carry out spatial positioning, fuse PET images, comprehensively apply statistical methods and image fusion precision analysis methods, conduct quantitative analysis and characterization of crack mesostructure, and obtain the evolution law of crack mesostructure under triaxial stress conditions in real time.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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