CN105948891A - High-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer and production method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer and a production method thereof. The components of raw materials are composed as follows according to weight percentage: 15-20% of urea, 8-10% of diammonium phosphate, 12-18% of potassium sulfate, and 0.1-10% of borax 0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.05-0.1%, polyacrylamide 10-15%, clay 37-55%. A new type of fertilizer with both water retention function, fertilizer effect and soil improvement function has been formed. The high-efficiency water retention blended fertilizer is safe and environmentally friendly, non-toxic and tasteless, does not pollute plants, soil and groundwater, etc., and has no residue Organic and inorganic harmful substances. The blended fertilizer is suitable for mechanized fertilization, can be applied to a variety of crops and soils, has the function of repeatedly absorbing and storing fertilizer and water, and slowly releases fertilizer and water when it is dry, can enhance the drought resistance of crops, achieve coordinated nutrient balance, and improve fertilizer and water. Utilization efficiency, the purpose of significantly increasing the yield of crops.

Description

A high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer and its production method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency water-retaining mixed fertilizer and a production method thereof.

Background technique

my country's total water resources ranks sixth in the world, but its per capita water resources are 1/4 of the world's average level, ranking 121st in the world, and it is one of the 13 water-poor countries in the world. Moreover, my country's central and western regions are seriously short of water, with more than 70 million hectares of dry farming area, 55% to 65% of the annual precipitation is evaporated, agricultural production is seriously affected, and the ecological environment is deteriorating day by day.

According to the relevant research results released by the Ministry of Agriculture's "Research Report on Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of my country's Three Major Grain Crops", the current season average utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for rice, corn and wheat are 33% and 24% respectively. , 42%. Among them, the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers for wheat were 32%, 19%, and 44%, respectively; the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers for rice were 35%, 25%, and 41%, respectively; and the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers for corn were 32%, 25%, 43%. At present, the fertilizer utilization rate of major food crops in my country is still at a relatively low level, and there is still a lot of room for improvement.

In order to improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, it is necessary to assemble and produce high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers to meet production needs. At present, the research and application of water-retaining fertilizers in my country are developing rapidly, and the market demand is large, but the production capacity is small, and the products produced have fewer functions and low performance. Water-retaining fertilizers have high production costs, complex production processes, pollution and other problems. It is expensive for farmland application, easy to absorb moisture and difficult to solve the problem of mechanized use. There is no mechanized precision fertilization technology in the prior art, and ordinary water-retaining agents are prone to moisture absorption during large-scale mechanical fertilization, resulting in blockage of the feeding port and impossibility of fertilization. Moreover, if the existing water-retaining agent fertilizer ratio is large, the water retention effect will be reduced; if the existing water-retaining agent fertilizer ratio is small, additional fertilization is required in the later planting process, which increases the cost of manual fertilization. And the granulation effect of the water-retaining fertilizer in the prior art is not uniform, and the shapes are different. Therefore, it is urgent to create a high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer production process and product with good product performance and multiple functions. Based on the research and production test of high-efficiency water-retaining agent for many years, the inventor has fully studied the technology of water-retaining blended fertilizer following the principles of advanced technology, reliable and simple process, reasonable economy and optimal system, and completed the present invention.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art that water-retaining fertilizers are susceptible to moisture and are not suitable for mechanized use, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer and its production method, which provides technical support for the production of large-scale water-retaining fertilizers.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer, the composition of each component of the raw material is as follows according to the weight percentage:

Urea 15-20%, diammonium phosphate 8-10%, potassium sulfate 12-18%, borax 0.1-0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.05-0.1%, polyacrylamide 10-15%, clay 37-55%.

Further, trace elements are also included, that is, one or more of trace elements selenium, trace elements iron, trace elements calcium, trace elements molybdenum, and trace elements iodine.

Further, the fertilization amount of the blended fertilizer is 12-16kg/667m ² .

A method for producing a high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer, specifically comprising the steps of:

(1) Prepare fertilizer solution:

Add urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, and zinc sulfate into the neutralization kettle according to the weight ratio, then add water according to the weight ratio of the above substances to water at 1:1.5~2, stir and dissolve fully, and obtain a a fertilizer solution;

(2) Add polyacrylamide:

Take polyacrylamide according to the weight ratio, add polyacrylamide to the fertilizer solution in step (1), then add water according to the weight ratio of the above-mentioned substance to water is 1:6-9, fully stir and dissolve, and obtain a Fertilizer and polyacrylamide blended aqueous solution;

(3) Add clay:

Take clay according to the weight ratio, add clay to the aqueous solution of the fertilizer and polyacrylamide blend in step (2), then add water according to the weight ratio of the above-mentioned substances to water at 1:1-3, fully stir and dissolve to obtain a Compound mud fertilizer evenly wraps the mixture of polyacrylamide;

(4) Granulation drying:

Send the mixture obtained in step (3) into a granulator for granulation, and then sieve through a sieving machine to obtain granules with a particle size of 4-6 mm, and then send the granules into a microwave dryer for drying to obtain a high-efficiency water-retaining blend fertilizer.

Further, in the step (4), dry in a microwave dryer at a temperature of 105-130° C. for 15-25 minutes.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer prepared by the present invention is made by mixing clay, polyacrylamide and various nutrient element fertilizers and granulating. The amount of water-retaining agent is moderate, and the fertilizer is combined with machinery and moisture absorption to form A new type of fertilizer product with both water retention function, fertilizer effect and soil improvement function has been developed, which is suitable for mechanized large-scale production. The high-efficiency water-retention blended fertilizer has a moderate pH, neutrality, safety and environmental protection, non-toxic and tasteless , does not pollute plants, soil and groundwater, etc., without any residual organic and inorganic harmful substances.

The high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer prepared by the invention has comprehensive nutrients, high concentration, significant increase in production and cost savings, strong pertinence, easy processing, and the addition of clay ensures uniform granulation of fertilizers, avoiding other irregular shapes such as fertilizer polygons, and reducing production costs. Low, pollution-free, flexible formula, which can be flexibly changed according to different conditions such as crop nutrition, soil fertility and yield level, etc., making up for the shortcomings of general-purpose water-retaining fertilizers that easily cause a certain nutrient deficiency or excess due to fixed nutrient distribution ratios .

The blended fertilizer is suitable for mechanized fertilization, has good fertilizer control effect, and avoids the loss of fertilizer efficiency of the coated slow-release fertilizer under the condition of large surface water flow. The synergistic effect of the components absorbs a variety of nutrients in the granular fertilizer. The slow-release effect is good. It can be applied to a variety of crops and soils. It has the function of repeatedly absorbing and storing fertilizer and water, and slowly releasing fertilizer and water when it is dry. The drought resistance ability of crops, to achieve the purpose of coordinating nutrient balance, improving the efficiency of fertilizer and water use, and significantly increasing the yield of crops.

detailed description

Example 1

A high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer is characterized in that the components of the raw materials are composed as follows according to weight percentage:

15% urea, 8% diammonium phosphate, 12% potassium sulfate, 0.1% borax, 0.05% zinc sulfate, 10% polyacrylamide, 37% clay.

Example 2

A high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer is characterized in that the components of the raw materials are composed as follows according to weight percentage:

18% urea, 9% diammonium phosphate, 16% potassium sulfate, 0.15% borax, 0.08% zinc sulfate, 13% polyacrylamide, 45% clay.

The high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer was prepared according to the raw materials in Example 2, and it was compared with the common blended fertilizer in a field test, and the test site was in the experimental field of Qingdao Agricultural University.

Table 1 Wheat chlorophyll content (SPAD value) under different treatments

May 14 May 28 June 4 Ordinary water-retaining fertilizer 50 51 45 High-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer 54 55 53

It can be seen from Table 1 that the chlorophyll of wheat treated with high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers is greater than that of ordinary water-retaining fertilizers, which shows that the application of high-efficiency blended fertilizers can well increase the chlorophyll content of wheat.

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on winter wheat yield

control 383.18kg/667m ² deal with 453.54kg/667m ²

The data in Table 2 show the effects of different treatments on the yield of winter wheat. From the data in Table 2, it can be seen that the yield of wheat using the high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer is 453.54kg/667m ² , which is 18.3% higher than that of using the blended fertilizer. The high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer can well coordinate the size relationship between the yield components, so that the wheat can obtain high yield.

Example 3

A high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer is characterized in that the components of the raw materials are composed as follows according to weight percentage:

20% urea, 10% diammonium phosphate, 18% potassium sulfate, 0.2% borax, 0.1% zinc sulfate, 15% polyacrylamide, 55% clay.

Example 4:

A method for producing a high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer, specifically comprising the steps of:

(1) Prepare fertilizer solution

According to the production capacity of 100 kg, mix 16 kg of urea, 9 kg of diammonium phosphate, 13 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg of borax, and 0.1 kg of zinc sulfate and add them to the neutralization kettle. : 1.5 Add water again, fully stir and dissolve to obtain fertilizer solution.

(2) Add polyacrylamide

Add 10 kilograms of polyacrylamide to the fertilizer aqueous solution obtained above, then add water according to the weight ratio of the above-mentioned substance and water as 1:7, fully stir and dissolve, and obtain a blended aqueous solution of fertilizer and polyacrylamide;

(3) Add clay

Add 51.8 kg of clay to the blended aqueous solution of fertilizer and polyacrylamide obtained above, then add water according to the weight ratio of the above-mentioned substance to water at 1:2, stir and dissolve fully, and obtain a compound mud fertilizer evenly wrapped in polyacrylamide mixture;

(4) Granulation drying

Send the mixture obtained above into a granulator for granulation, and then sieve through a sieving machine to obtain particles with a particle size of 4-6mm containing the high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer, and then send the particles into a microwave dryer , drying at a temperature of 105-130° C. for 15-25 minutes to obtain the high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer.

The high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer obtained above was subjected to a corn growth and development test, and the blended fertilizer produced by a regular manufacturer in the market was selected as a control treatment according to the principle of the same cost input. The test site is the experimental base of Qingdao Agricultural University, and two treatments are set up, respectively, the control (equivalent ordinary blended fertilizer): 52.3kg/667m ² , the treatment (high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer) 15.3kg/667m ² , and the area of the plot is 40m ² , repeated 3 times, and all fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer at one time by means of furrow application. Relevant indicators were measured on September 5, September 16, and September 27, 2015, respectively. Soil moisture content was measured by drilling 0-40cm soil samples by drying method; chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter.

Soil water moisture content (%) of peanut under different treatments of table 3

It can be seen from Table 3 that under the same cost input, the use of high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers can maintain a higher soil moisture content than ordinary blended fertilizers, which is beneficial to the growth of corn.

Table 4 The leaf chlorophyll content of corn under different treatments

September 5 September 16 September 27 control 41.5 31.6 25.6 deal with 56.7 53.9 45.1

It can be seen from Table 4 that under the same cost input, the use of high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers can maintain a higher leaf chlorophyll content and decrease slower than that of ordinary blended fertilizers, which is beneficial to the growth of corn.

From the final yield results, the yield of corn treated with high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer was 511.66kg/667m ² , and the yield of the control using common blended fertilizer was 490.35kg/667m ² . output.

Example 2:

A method for producing a high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer, specifically comprising the steps of:

(1) Prepare fertilizer solution

According to the production capacity of 100 kg, 17 kg of urea, 8 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg of borax, and 0.1 kg of zinc sulfate are mixed and added to the neutralization kettle, and then the weight ratio of the above substances to water is 1 : 1.6 add water again, fully stir and dissolve, obtain fertilizer solution;

(2) Add polyacrylamide

Add 11 kilograms of polyacrylamide to the fertilizer aqueous solution obtained above, then add water according to the weight ratio of the above-mentioned substance and water as 1:7, fully stir and dissolve, and obtain a blended aqueous solution of fertilizer and polyacrylamide;

(3) Add clay

Add 48.8 kg of clay to the blended aqueous solution of fertilizer and polyacrylamide obtained above, then add water according to the weight ratio of the above-mentioned substance to water at 1:2, stir and dissolve fully, and obtain a compound mud fertilizer evenly wrapped in polyacrylamide mixture;

(4) Granulation drying

Send the mixture obtained above into a granulator for granulation, and then sieve through a sieving machine to obtain particles with a particle size of 4-6mm containing the high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer, and then send the particles into a microwave dryer , drying at a temperature of 105-130° C. for 15-25 minutes to obtain the high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer.

The high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer obtained above was subjected to a peanut growth and development test, and the blended fertilizer produced by a regular manufacturer in the market was selected as a control treatment according to the principle of the same cost input. The test site is the experimental base of Qingdao Agricultural University, and two treatments are set up, respectively, the control (equivalent ordinary blended fertilizer): 48.6kg/667m ² , the treatment (high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizer) 13.7kg/667m ² , and the area of the plot is 36m ² , repeated 3 times, and all fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer at one time by means of furrow application. Relevant indicators were measured on September 5, September 16, and September 27, 2015, respectively. Soil moisture content was measured by drilling 0-40cm soil samples by drying method; chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter.

Soil water moisture content (%) of peanut under different treatments of table 5

It can be seen from Table 5 that under the same cost input, the use of high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers can maintain a higher soil moisture content than ordinary blended fertilizers, which is conducive to the growth of peanuts.

Table 6 leaves chlorophyll content of corn under different treatments

September 5 September 16 September 27 control 30.1 29.8 25.1 deal with 36.6 33.9 31.7

It can be seen from Table 6 that under the same cost input, the use of high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers can maintain a higher chlorophyll content in leaves than ordinary blended fertilizers, which is conducive to peanut growth.

Judging from the final yield results, the yield of corn treated with high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers was 326.02kg/667m ² , and the yield of the control using common blended fertilizers was 291.51kg/667m ² , so using high-efficiency water-retaining blended fertilizers can obtain higher output.

The above is not a limitation of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the essential scope of the present invention, some changes, modifications, additions or substitutions can also be made, these Improvements and retouches should also be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a highly effective water-keeping bulk blended fertilizer, it is characterised in that feed components is as follows according to percentage by weight composition: Carbamide 15～20%, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 8～10%, potassium sulfate 12～18%, Borax 0.1～0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.05～0.1%, polyacrylamide 10～15%, clay 37～55%.

A kind of highly effective water-keeping bulk blended fertilizer, it is characterised in that also comprise trace element, I.e. one in trace element-selenium, trace elements iron, microelements of calcium, trace element molybdenum, trace iodine Or it is multiple.

A kind of highly effective water-keeping bulk blended fertilizer, it is characterised in that described bulk blended fertilizer Dose is 12-16kg/667m²。

The production method of a kind of highly effective water-keeping bulk blended fertilizer, it is characterised in that concrete Comprise the steps:

(1) preparation fertilizer solution:

Carbamide, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, Borax, zinc sulfate are added to by weight ratio in neutralization still, Then according to the weight ratio of above-mentioned substance and water is that 1:1.5～2 adds water, it is sufficiently stirred for dissolving, obtains one Plant fertilizer solution；

(2) polyacrylamide is added:

Take polyacrylamide according to weight proportion, the fertilizer solution in step (1) add polyacrylamide, Then according to the weight ratio of above-mentioned substance and water is that 1:6～9 adds water, it is sufficiently stirred for dissolving, obtains one Fertilizer and polyacrylamide are blended aqueous solution；

(3) clay is added:

Take clay according to weight proportion, interpolation is blended in aqueous solution to step (2) fertilizer and polyacrylamide glutinous Soil, then according to the weight ratio of above-mentioned substance and water is that 1:1～3 adds water, is sufficiently stirred for dissolving, obtains A kind of multiple sludge material uniformly wraps up the mixture of polyacrylamide；

(4) granulating and drying:

The mixture obtained in step (3) is sent into comminutor and carries out pelletize, then got by sifted Particle diameter is the granule of 4～6mm, then granule is sent in microwave dryer, is dried to obtain highly effective water-keeping and mixes Complex fertilizer material.

The production method of a kind of highly effective water-keeping bulk blended fertilizer, it is characterised in that described In step (4), microwave dryer is dried 15～25min under conditions of temperature 105～130 DEG C.