CN105946591B - Low-cost electric braking and hydraulic braking coordinated control system for electric automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a low-cost electric brake and hydraulic brake coordinated control system for an electric vehicle, including a wheel hub, a hydraulic brake assembly, a wheel drive motor M, a power battery E, a brake assembly, and an electric brake coordination assembly; The dynamic coordination component includes the second fixed guide rail, single-sided rack slider, connecting rod, electromagnet, iron core seal ring, nitrogen gas and brake pedal travel switch K; the working method of the electric vehicle electric brake and hydraulic brake coordinated control system , mainly using the reverse charging current of the wheel drive motor M to the power battery E through the electromagnet during braking to coordinate with the hydraulic braking force to reduce the hydraulic braking pressure. The invention adopts a mechanical structure to realize the continuous and real-time coordination and adjustment of the motor braking force and the hydraulic braking force within a certain range. The structure is relatively simple, the cost is greatly reduced, and the working reliability is significantly improved.

Description

Coordinated Control System of Electric Braking and Hydraulic Braking for Electric Vehicles with Low Cost

This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with the application number 201410719156.5 and the application date on December 1, 2014, and the invention name is "electric vehicle electric brake and hydraulic brake coordinated control system".

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of braking of electric vehicles, in particular to a coordinated control system of electric braking and hydraulic braking of electric vehicles.

Background technique

At present, with the increasing emphasis on energy conservation and environmental protection, the use of electric vehicles is gradually increasing. The braking system is one of the vital systems of a car. Traditional automobile braking generally adopts hydraulic braking system, which cannot realize energy recovery, and the friction loss of brake pads is relatively fast. At present, the braking system of electric vehicles, in addition to some traditional hydraulic braking systems, also uses a combination (or hybrid) of electric braking and hydraulic braking. The motor charges the battery to recover energy and save energy. For example, the Chinese patent document whose publication number is CN 1986272A and whose invention name is "Electric Vehicle Combination Brake Control System and Control Method" discloses a method of controlling proportional valves to output hydraulic braking force through sensor acquisition signals and single-chip computer calculations. Realize the combination of electric braking and hydraulic braking; another example is the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN 101913352A and the invention name "Coordinated Braking Control Method for Electric Vehicles", which still needs to be realized through steps such as signal acquisition and single-chip computer calculation. The coordination and cooperation of electric braking and hydraulic braking; another example is the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN 102310850A and the invention title "Electric Vehicle Braking System Capable of Recovering Braking Energy", which still needs to be based on a single-chip microcomputer as the core of the control. calculation and control.

Most of the control methods for electric braking and hydraulic braking of electric vehicles in the above-mentioned prior art use integrated controllers (or similar single-chip control circuits, etc.) to determine the control according to the preset control logic and the signal of the sensor. Time, the way the control actuator works, the number of times or frequency of control, etc. However, the entire process of controlling the relevant actuators needs to include steps such as collecting signals, judging, calculating, and executing, and it takes a certain amount of time in this process Delay, the size of the conventional hydraulic braking force cannot be adjusted in real time according to the size of the motor braking force; moreover, the control process in the prior art needs to meet certain conditions before controlling the action of the actuator, and then control the actuator when the next condition is met In the next step, the control process is discontinuous and discontinuous; in addition, the structure of the control system is relatively complex, more electronic components are used, the cost is higher and the reliability of the work is reduced.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is: aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a controller or single-chip circuit calculation control, through the mechanical structure to make the motor brake force and hydraulic brake force in a certain range of continuous real-time adjustment, in order to ensure the effective Under the premise of braking, the coordinated control system of electric braking and hydraulic braking of electric vehicles can be effectively recovered with low cost and reliable operation.

The technical solution of the present invention is: the low-cost electric vehicle electric braking and hydraulic braking coordinated control system of the present invention, including the wheel hub, hydraulic braking assembly, wheel drive motor M and power battery E; the above-mentioned hydraulic braking assembly Including brake pads, brake wheel cylinder, brake master cylinder and piston; the piston has a connected piston ring and piston rod, and the piston ring of the piston is movably arranged in the brake master cylinder; one end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the piston ring , the other end of the piston rod extends out of the brake master cylinder; its structural features are: it also includes a brake assembly and an electric brake coordination assembly;

The above brake assembly includes a brake pedal, a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, a third transmission gear, a fourth transmission gear, a first fixed guide rail and a double-sided rack slider;

The brake pedal is connected to the first transmission gear; the first transmission gear is connected to the second transmission gear, and the second transmission gear is connected to the third transmission gear in coaxial transmission; the first fixed guide rail is fixed on the electric vehicle; double-sided The rack slider is a slider with racks that are respectively matched with the third transmission gear and the fourth transmission gear on the upper and lower sides; the double-sided rack slider is installed on the first fixed guide rail and can move by relying on the first fixed guide rail ; The third transmission gear is in transmission connection with the lower side of the double-sided rack slider; the upper side of the double-sided rack slider is in transmission connection with the fourth transmission gear; the fourth transmission gear is connected with the piston of the piston of the above-mentioned hydraulic brake assembly The right end of the rod extending out of the brake master cylinder is fixedly connected;

The electric brake coordination assembly includes the second fixed guide rail, single-sided rack slider, connecting rod, electromagnet, iron core sealing ring, nitrogen gas and brake pedal limit switch K;

The second fixed guide rail is fixedly arranged on the electric vehicle; the single-sided rack slider is a slider whose lower side is provided with a rack matched with the fourth transmission gear; the single-sided rack slider is arranged on the second fixed guide rail and can Relying on the second fixed guide rail to move left and right; the single-sided rack slider is connected to the fourth transmission gear of the brake assembly; the left end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the right end of the single-sided rack slider; the electromagnet includes a housing , iron core and coil; the shell is a hollow cylinder with an opening on the left side of the shell; the coil is wound on the shell; the iron core is set in the shell and can move left and right in the shell, and the right part of the iron core is set There is a sealing ring installation groove; the right end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the left end face of the iron core through the opening of the shell; the iron core sealing ring is installed in the sealing ring installation groove of the iron core; thus the right end of the iron core, the iron core sealing ring and the right inner cavity of the housing of the electromagnet to form an air-inflated space; the nitrogen gas can be compressed in the air-inflated space; the brake pedal travel switch K is set in cooperation with the brake pedal of the above-mentioned brake assembly; when the brake pedal is not depressed, The brake pedal travel switch K is in the closed state; when the brake pedal is stepped on, the brake pedal travel switch K is in the open state;

One end of the brake pedal travel switch K, one end of the coil and the positive pole of the power battery E are in the same line; the negative pole of the power battery E is electrically connected to one end of the power supply end of the wheel drive motor M; the other end of the brake pedal travel switch K is connected to the other end of the coil and the other end of the power supply end of the wheel drive motor M are in line.

The present invention has positive effects: (1) The low-cost electric vehicle electric braking and hydraulic braking coordinated control system of the present invention adopts a mechanical structure to realize continuous and real-time motor braking and hydraulic braking within a certain range Coordination and adjustment do not require sensor signal acquisition, controller or single-chip circuit calculation and control as in the prior art, so the structure is relatively simple, the cost is greatly reduced, and the working reliability is significantly improved. (2) The low-cost electric brake and hydraulic brake coordinated control system for electric vehicles of the present invention enables the electric brake force and hydraulic brake force to be adjusted continuously and in real time within a certain range through the mechanical structure, omitting the control in the prior art The controller or single-chip circuit calculates the control and judgment process, so the timeliness of its coordinated braking is better. (3) In the low-cost electric vehicle electric braking and hydraulic braking coordinated control system of the present invention, the motor braking force is inversely proportional to the hydraulic braking force, that is, when the motor braking force increases, the hydraulic braking force decreases and the motor braking force decreases. The hourly hydraulic braking force increases, while ensuring that the combined braking force of the two meets the requirements of automobile braking, it can not only improve the recovery rate of braking energy during braking, but also reduce the loss of conventional brake friction plates.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is another structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

The reference signs in the above-mentioned accompanying drawings are as follows:

hub 1,

Hydraulic brake assembly 2, brake pad 21, brake wheel cylinder 22, brake master cylinder 23, piston 24,

Brake assembly 3, brake pedal 31, first transmission gear 32, second transmission gear 33, third transmission gear 34, fourth transmission gear 35, first fixed guide rail 36, double-sided rack slider 37,

Electric brake coordination assembly 4, second fixed guide rail 41, single rack slider 42, connecting rod 43, electromagnet 44, housing 44-1, iron core 44-2, coil 44-3, compression spring 45, Brake pedal travel switch K, iron core sealing ring 46, nitrogen gas 47,

wheel drive motor M,

power battery E.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

(Example 1)

As shown in Fig. 1, the low-cost electric vehicle electric brake and hydraulic brake coordinated control system of this embodiment is mainly composed of a wheel hub 1, a hydraulic brake assembly 2, a brake assembly 3, an electric brake coordination assembly 4, and a wheel drive motor M and power battery E.

The hydraulic brake assembly 2 is mainly composed of a brake pad 21 , a brake wheel cylinder 22 , a brake master cylinder 23 and a piston 24 . Brake pads 21 and brake wheel cylinders 22 are respectively provided with one set on each wheel hub 1 of the automobile; the brake master cylinder 23 is arranged on the automobile, and the piston 24 has a connected piston ring and a piston rod, and the piston ring of the piston 24 It is movably arranged in the brake master cylinder 23; one end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the piston ring, and the other end of the piston rod extends out of the brake master cylinder 23 to the right.

The brake assembly 3 is mainly composed of a brake pedal 31, a first transmission gear 32, a second transmission gear 33, a third transmission gear 34, a fourth transmission gear 35, a first fixed guide rail 36 and a double-sided rack slider 37.

The top of the brake pedal 31 and the center of the first transmission gear 32 are respectively fixedly installed on the same rotating shaft, so that the brake pedal 31 is driven and matched with the first transmission gear 32 through the rotation shaft; the first transmission gear 32 and the second transmission gear 33 are transmitted connection, the second transmission gear 33 is coaxially connected with the third transmission gear 34; the first fixed guide rail 36 is fixedly arranged on the electric vehicle; the double-sided rack slider 37 is provided with the third transmission gear 34 and the The slide block of the rack that four conduction gears 35 cooperate respectively; The double-sided rack slide block 37 is installed on the first fixed guide rail 36 and can rely on the first fixed guide rail to move; The third conduction gear 34 and the double-sided rack slide block 37 The lower side of the transmission connection; the upper side of the double-sided rack slider 37 is in transmission connection with the fourth transmission gear 35; The outer right end of cylinder 23 is fixedly connected.

The electric brake coordinating assembly 4 is mainly composed of a second fixed guide rail 41, a single-sided rack slider 42, a connecting rod 43, an electromagnet 44, a compression spring 45 and a brake pedal travel switch K.

The second fixed guide rail 41 is fixedly arranged on the electric vehicle; the single-sided rack slider 42 is a slider with a rack that cooperates with the fourth transmission gear 35 on one side; the single-sided rack slider 42 is arranged on the second fixed rail. on the guide rail 41 and can rely on the second fixed guide rail 41 to move left and right; the single-sided rack slider 42 is in transmission connection with the fourth transmission gear 35 of the brake assembly 3; the left end of the connecting rod 43 is connected to the right end of the single-sided rack slider 42 Fixedly connected; Electromagnet 44 comprises housing 44-1, iron core 44-2 and coil 44-3; Housing 44-1 is a hollow cylinder, the left side opening of housing 44-1; Coil 44-3 Winding on the casing 44-1; the iron core 44-2 is set in the casing 44-1, and can move left and right in the casing 44-1; the right end of the connecting rod 43 passes through the opening of the casing 44-1 and the iron The left end face of the core 44-2 is fixedly connected, so that the transmission connection between the iron core 44-2 and the single-sided rack slider 42 is realized through the connecting rod 43; the right end of the iron core 44-2 is arranged on the The compression spring 45 in the right part of the housing 44-1 is in elastic contact with the right inner wall of the housing 44-1. The brake pedal travel switch K is set in cooperation with the brake pedal 31 of the aforementioned brake assembly 3; when the brake pedal 31 is not depressed, the brake pedal travel switch K is in a closed state; when the brake pedal 31 is stepped on, the brake pedal travel switch K is in the open state.

One end of the brake pedal travel switch K, one end of the coil 44-3, and the positive pole of the power battery E are in the same line; the negative pole of the power battery E is electrically connected to one end of the power supply end of the wheel drive motor M; the other end of the brake pedal travel switch K, the coil The other end of 44-3 and the other end of the power supply end of the wheel drive motor M are electrically connected.

The electric vehicle electric braking and hydraulic braking coordinated control system of this embodiment, its working method comprises the following steps:

① When the electric vehicle is running, when the driver does not step on the brake pedal 31, the brake pedal travel switch K is closed, and the circuit passing through the coil 44-3 of the electromagnet 44 is short-circuited, and the power battery E supplies power to the wheel drive motor M to drive the vehicle; At this moment, the iron core 44-2 in the electromagnet 44 is compressed on the opening side of the housing 44-1 of the electromagnet 44 by the compression spring 45;

②When the electric vehicle is running, when the driver steps on the brake pedal 31, the brake pedal 31 passes through the first transmission gear 32, the second transmission gear 33, the third transmission gear 34, the double-sided rack slider 37 and the fourth transmission gear in sequence. The gear 35 drives the piston 24 to move to the left and generates hydraulic pressure in the brake master cylinder 23, and the hydraulic pressure is transmitted to the brake wheel cylinder 22 to generate hydraulic braking force and acts on the wheel hub 1 to brake through the brake pads 21; at the same time, the stroke of the brake pedal When the switch K is turned on, the wheel drive motor M generates reverse braking force and charges the power battery E through the circuit. When the charging current passes through the coil 44-3, a magnetic field is generated in the electromagnet 44, so that the iron core 44-2 overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring 45 Moving to the right, the iron core 44-2 drives the single-sided rack slider 42 to move rightward through the connecting rod 43, so that the single-sided rack slider 42 exerts a rightward reverse action on the piston 24 through the fourth transmission gear 35 force, reducing the hydraulic brake pressure in the brake master cylinder 23.

③When the electric vehicle is running, when the driver continues to step on the brake pedal 31, the braking force applied to the wheel hub 1 is the resultant force of the hydraulic braking force generated by the hydraulic brake assembly 2 and the reverse braking force generated by the wheel drive motor M When the vehicle speed is faster, the braking current generated in the wheel drive motor M is larger, the braking force of the motor is larger, the suction force generated by the electromagnet 44 is larger, and the hydraulic pressure in the brake master cylinder 23 is smaller. The smaller the hydraulic braking force is, so when the car brakes at high speed, the motor braking force is increased and the conventional frictional braking force by hydraulic braking is reduced, thereby reducing the wear of the friction plate in the conventional brake, and at the same time improving the braking force of the wheel drive motor M kinetic energy recovery.

④ When the electric vehicle is running, if the circuit of the electric brake coordinating component 4 fails or the power battery E is fully charged, the wheel drive motor M cannot charge the power battery E, and there is no current passing through the coil of the electromagnet 44, and the iron core 44-2 is compressed by the compression spring 45 on the left end of the housing 44-1 of the electromagnet 44 and does not move, so that the single-sided rack slider 42 does not move, and the fourth transmission gear 35 is relatively opposite to the single-sided rack slider 42. Only for pure rolling, the electric car is driven by the brake pedal 31 through the first transmission gear 32, the second transmission gear 33, the third transmission gear 34, the double-sided rack slider 37 and the fourth transmission gear 35 to drive the piston 24 to move to the left And the hydraulic pressure is generated in the brake master cylinder 23, and the hydraulic pressure is transmitted to the brake wheel cylinder 22 to generate a hydraulic braking force to act on the wheel hub 1 to brake through the brake pads 21 to ensure driving safety.

(Example 2)

See Figure 2, the low-cost electric brake and hydraulic brake coordinated control system for electric vehicles of this embodiment is the same as Embodiment 1 in other respects, the difference is that the electric brake coordination assembly 4 removes the compression spring 45 and replaces it with Become nitrogen 47, meanwhile, increase iron core sealing ring 46, the right part of the iron core 44-2 of electromagnet 44 sets up sealing ring mounting groove, and iron core sealing ring 46 is installed in the sealing ring mounting groove of iron core 44-2 , so that an air-inflated space is formed by the right end of the iron core 44-2, the iron core sealing ring 46 and the right part of the housing 44-1 of the electromagnet 44; The working principle of the nitrogen gas 47 is similar to the spring 45 in the first embodiment.

The above embodiments are descriptions of specific implementations of the present invention, rather than limitations of the present invention. Those skilled in the relevant technical fields can also make various transformations and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Corresponding equivalent technical solutions, therefore all equivalent technical solutions should fall into the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of inexpensive electric automobile electric braking and hydraulic braking coordinated control system, including wheel hub（1）, hydraulic braking Component（2）, brake assemblies（3）, electric braking coordination component（4）, wheel drive motors M and electrokinetic cell E；Described hydraulic braking Component（2）Including brake block（21）, wheel cylinder（22）, master cylinder（23）And piston（24）；Piston（24）With connected Piston ring and piston rod, piston（24）Piston ring be movably disposed at master cylinder（23）It is interior；One end of piston rod and piston Ring is fixedly connected, and the other end of piston rod stretches out master cylinder（23）Outside；Described brake assemblies（3）Including brake pedal （31）；It is characterized in that：

Described brake assemblies（3）Also include the first transfer gear（32）, the second transfer gear（33）, the 3rd transfer gear （34）, the 4th transfer gear（35）, first fix guide rail（36）With the two-sided rack sliding block（37）；

Brake pedal（31）With the first transfer gear（32）Drive connection；First transfer gear（32）With the second transfer gear（33） Drive connection, the second transfer gear（33）With the 3rd transfer gear（34）Coaxial transmission connection；First fixes guide rail（36）Gu Surely it is arranged on electric automobile；The two-sided rack sliding block（37）It is provided with and the 3rd transfer gear for upper and lower both sides（34）With the 4th conduction Gear（35）The sliding block for the rack being respectively cooperating with；The two-sided rack sliding block（37）Guide rail is fixed installed in first（36）Above and it can rely on First fixes guide rail（36）It is mobile；3rd transfer gear（34）With the two-sided rack sliding block（37）Downside drive connection；Double cog Bar sliding block（37）Upside and the 4th transfer gear（35）Drive connection；4th transfer gear（35）With described hydraulic braking group Part（2）Piston（24）Piston rod stretch out master cylinder（23）Outer right-hand member is fixedly connected；

Electric braking coordination component（4）Guide rail is fixed including second（41）, single-side rack sliding block（42）, connecting rod（43）, electromagnet （44）, iron core sealing ring（46）, nitrogen（47）With brake pedal travel switch K；

Second fixes guide rail（41）It is fixedly installed on electric automobile；Single-side rack sliding block（42）It is provided with and the 4th conduction for downside Gear（35）The sliding block of the rack of cooperation；Single-side rack sliding block（42）It is arranged on the second fixation guide rail（41）It is upper and can rely on second Fixed guide rail（41）Left and right is to movement；Single-side rack sliding block（42）With described brake assemblies（3）The 4th transfer gear（35） Drive connection；Connecting rod（43）Left end and single-side rack sliding block（42）Right-hand member be fixedly connected；Electromagnet（44）Including housing （44-1）, iron core（44-2）And coil（44-3）；Housing（44-1）For hollow column member, housing（44-1）Left side open Mouthful；Coil（44-3）It is wrapped in housing（44-1）On；Iron core（44-2）It is arranged on housing（44-1）It is interior, and can be in housing（44-1） Inside move left and right, iron core（44-2）Right part be provided with sealing ring mounting groove；Connecting rod（43）Right-hand member pass through housing（44-1）'s Opening and iron core（44-2）Left side be fixedly connected；Iron core sealing ring（46）Installed in iron core（44-2）Sealing ring mounting groove It is interior；So as to by iron core（44-2）Right-hand member, iron core sealing ring（46）And electromagnet（44）Housing（44-1）Right part inner chamber structure Into a plenum space；Nitrogen（47）Compressiblly it is arranged in the plenum space；Brake pedal travel switch K and described brake Car component（3）Brake pedal（31）It is equipped with；Work as brake pedal（31）When not stepping on, brake pedal travel switch K is in Closure state；Work as brake pedal（31）When stepping on, brake pedal travel switch K is in open mode；

Brake pedal travel switch K one end, coil（44-3）One end and electrokinetic cell E positive pole it is conllinear；Electrokinetic cell E Negative pole electrically connected with one end of wheel drive motors M power end；The brake pedal travel switch K other end, coil（44- 3）The other end and wheel drive motors M power end the other end it is conllinear.