CN105897223B - A kind of primary particle inversion resistant d type flip flop - Google Patents
A kind of primary particle inversion resistant d type flip flop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗单粒子翻转的D触发器,由主从两级锁存器(Latch)串联而成,主从锁存器的结构完全相同,Latch的内核不再是首尾相连的两个反相器,而是由6个PMOS晶体管P1~P6和6个NMOS晶体管N1~N6构成。在该Latch内核的基础上,通过增加带时钟控制的晶体管即可构成本发明的主Latch或从Latch。与传统的三模冗余技术相比,本发明不仅节约了一个选举电路的面积开销,还消除了选举电路带来的单粒子敏感性问题。同时,本发明中的D触发器在存储数值0时单粒子敏感性更低、抗单粒子翻转能力更强。由于实际应用中很多触发器需要长时间保持同一数值,因而本发明对进一步提高这类触发器的抗单粒子翻转能力具有重要意义。
The invention discloses an anti-single-event flip-flop D flip-flop, which is composed of master-slave two-stage latches (Latch) connected in series. Instead, it consists of six PMOS transistors P1-P6 and six NMOS transistors N1-N6. On the basis of the Latch core, the main Latch or the slave Latch of the present invention can be formed by adding transistors with clock control. Compared with the traditional three-mode redundancy technology, the invention not only saves the area overhead of an election circuit, but also eliminates the single event sensitivity problem caused by the election circuit. At the same time, when the D flip-flop in the present invention stores a value of 0, it has lower single-event sensitivity and stronger anti-single-event reversal capability. Since many flip-flops need to maintain the same value for a long time in practical applications, the present invention is of great significance for further improving the anti-single-event reversal capability of such flip-flops.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及集成电路领域中触发器,尤其指辐射环境下抗单粒子翻转的D触发器。The invention relates to a flip-flop in the field of integrated circuits, in particular to a D flip-flop resistant to single-event reversal in a radiation environment.
背景技术Background technique
宇宙空间中存在大量高能粒子(质子、重离子等)和高能射线。集成电路中的时序单元,如触发器,受到这些高能粒子和射线的轰击后,会产生单粒子翻转(Single EventUpset,简称SEU)。单粒子翻转的产生会产生软错误,从而使得集成电路运算出错。随着工艺尺寸的持续缩减,集成电路晶体管密度持续增加,多个晶体管同时受到单粒子轰击的概率大大提升,并且晶体管本身尺寸的缩减使得表示器件状态的临界电荷持续降低,这给纳米尺度下触发器设计带来极大的挑战。一方面,多个晶体管同时受轰击引发的多节点电荷收集会带来单粒子多位翻转(Multiple Cell Upset,简称MCU);另一方面,同时多节点电荷收集使得很多传统的触发器加固设计技术(如双互锁单元Dual Interlocked Cell(简称DICE)等)加固效果大大削弱。因而在纳米尺度下,设计新型的高可靠的抗单粒子翻转触发器电路显得很有必要。There are a large number of high-energy particles (protons, heavy ions, etc.) and high-energy rays in the universe. A sequential unit in an integrated circuit, such as a flip-flop, will generate a Single Event Upset (SEU for short) after being bombarded by these high-energy particles and rays. The generation of single-event upsets will produce soft errors, which will make the operation of integrated circuits go wrong. As the process size continues to shrink, the transistor density of integrated circuits continues to increase, and the probability of multiple transistors being bombarded by single particles at the same time is greatly increased, and the reduction in the size of the transistor itself makes the critical charge that represents the state of the device continue to decrease. Device design poses great challenges. On the one hand, multi-node charge collection caused by simultaneous bombardment of multiple transistors will lead to single-event multi-bit flip (Multiple Cell Upset, referred to as MCU); on the other hand, simultaneous multi-node charge collection makes many traditional flip-flop reinforcement design techniques (such as double interlocking unit Dual Interlocked Cell ( DICE for short), etc.) the reinforcement effect is greatly weakened. Therefore, at the nanoscale, it is necessary to design a new type of highly reliable anti-single event flip-flop circuit.
普通D触发器如图1所示,由主从两级锁存器(Latch)串联而成,记为主Latch和从Latch,主Latch和从Latch的逻辑结构一样,均如图2(a)所示,由2个带时钟控制的输入反相器Inv1和反馈反相器Inv2、以及1个不带时钟控制的反相器(记为第三反相器Inv3)构成。输入反向器的输入端接收数据信号D,输出端与节点MN相连,另有两个时钟输入端分别接收时钟信号CLK和从功能的角度来看,如图2(b)所示,反馈反相器Inv2和第三反相器Inv3首尾相连构成普通D触发器中Latch的存储结构或者Lacth的内核,第三反相器Inv3的输入端连接节点MN,节点MN与输入反相器Inv1的输出端相连,第三反相器Inv3的输出端连接节点M和反馈反相器Inv2的输入端,节点M实际上直接连接到Latch的输出Q;反馈反相器Inv2的输入端与节点M相连,输出端与节点MN相连,另有两个时钟输入端分别接收时钟信号CLK和 The ordinary D flip-flop is shown in Figure 1. It is composed of master-slave two-level latches (Latch) in series, which are recorded as the master Latch and the slave Latch. The logic structure of the master Latch and the slave Latch is the same, as shown in Figure 2(a) As shown, it consists of two input inverters Inv1 with clock control, feedback inverter Inv2, and one inverter without clock control (referred to as the third inverter Inv3). The input terminal of the input inverter receives the data signal D, the output terminal is connected to the node MN, and two clock input terminals respectively receive the clock signal CLK and From a functional point of view, as shown in Figure 2(b), the feedback inverter Inv2 and the third inverter Inv3 are connected end to end to form the storage structure of Latch or the core of Lacth in a common D flip-flop, and the third inverter The input terminal of Inv3 is connected to the node MN, the node MN is connected to the output terminal of the input inverter Inv1, the output terminal of the third inverter Inv3 is connected to the node M and the input terminal of the feedback inverter Inv2, and the node M is actually directly connected to The output Q of the Latch; the input terminal of the feedback inverter Inv2 is connected to the node M, the output terminal is connected to the node MN, and two clock input terminals respectively receive the clock signal CLK and
第三反相器的实现如图3(a)所示,由一个PMOS晶体管P0和一个NMOS晶体管N0组成,其中PMOS晶体管和NMOS晶体管的漏极相连构成反相器的输出端Y,而PMOS晶体管和NMOS晶体管的栅极相连构成反相器的输入端A;PMOS晶体管的源极连接到电源VDD上,而NMOS晶体管的源极连接到地VSS上。如图3(b)-(d)所示,带时钟控制的输入反相器或反馈反相器则由2个PMOS晶体管P1和P2以及2个NMOS晶体管N1和N2组成,有3种实现方式。纵观这3种实现形式,它们均是在图3(a)所示的第三反相器(由PMOS晶体管P1和NMOS晶体管N1构成)的基础上添加一个时钟控制的PMOS晶体管P2和一个时钟控制的NMOS晶体管N2;而其增加的晶体管或者如图3(b)-(c)所示以串联的方式相连,或者如图3(d)所示以传输门(TransmissionGate,TG)的形式连接在反相器的输出端。传输门是由一个PMOS晶体管和一个NMOS晶体管组成,其中PMOS晶体管与NMOS晶体管的源极相互连接、漏极也相互连接,而各自的栅极由外部控制信号来控制源极到漏极的通断。值得注意的是,带时钟控制的输入反相器中时钟信号与带时钟控制的反馈反相器中时钟信号相位差为180度。也就是说,当带时钟控制的输入反相器中PMOS晶体管P2的栅极连接到某外部信号CLK时,带时钟控制的反馈反相器中PMOS晶体管P2的栅极连接到由CLK信号经一反相器产生CLK的非信号上。The realization of the third inverter is shown in Figure 3(a ) , which is composed of a PMOS transistor P0 and an NMOS transistor N0 , wherein the drains of the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor are connected to form the output terminal Y of the inverter, and The gates of the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor are connected to form the input terminal A of the inverter; the source of the PMOS transistor is connected to the power supply VDD, and the source of the NMOS transistor is connected to the ground VSS. As shown in Fig. 3(b)-(d), the input inverter or feedback inverter with clock control is composed of two PMOS transistors P1 and P2 and two NMOS transistors N1 and N2 . 3 implementations. Looking at these three implementation forms, they all add a clock-controlled PMOS transistor P2 on the basis of the third inverter (composed of PMOS transistor P1 and NMOS transistor N1) shown in Figure 3 ( a ). and a clock-controlled NMOS transistor N 2 ; and its increased transistors are either connected in series as shown in Figure 3(b)-(c), or connected in a transmission gate (TransmissionGate, TG) as shown in Figure 3(d) ) is connected to the output of the inverter. The transmission gate is composed of a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor, where the sources of the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor are connected to each other, and the drains are also connected to each other, and the respective gates are controlled by an external control signal from the source to the drain. . It should be noted that the phase difference between the clock signal in the input inverter with clock control and the clock signal in the feedback inverter with clock control is 180 degrees. That is to say, when the gate of the PMOS transistor P2 in the input inverter with clock control is connected to an external signal CLK , the gate of the PMOS transistor P2 in the feedback inverter with clock control is connected to the CLK signal via An inverter generates the non-signal of CLK superior.
T.Calin等人在IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science(IEEE原子能科学学报)上发表的“Upset hardened memory design for submicro CMOS Technology”(亚微米CMOS工艺中抗翻转加固的存储单元设计)(1996年12月第6期第43卷,第2874-2878页)首次提出了DICE结构,该结构采用双互锁的形式,在微米和亚微米工艺下能有效抑制单粒子翻转,因而到目前为止DICE结构广泛应用触发器加固设计。然而在纳米工艺下,N.Gaspard等人在IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science(IEEE原子能科学学报)上发表的“Technology scaling com-parison of flip-flop heavy-ion single event upsetcross sections”(重离子辐射环境下触发器单粒子翻转截面受工艺缩减因素的影响比较)(2013年12月第6期第60卷,第4368-4373页)指出DICE触发器相对D触发器的加固效果急剧下降,DICE触发器和D触发器的单粒子翻转截面由原来相差1~2个数量级变成了仅相差1.2~5倍。在纳米CMOS工艺下,目前被广泛采用的触发器设计方案还有三模冗余加固的D触发器,如Y.He等人在Science China Information Sciences(中国科学信息科学)上发表的“Comparison of heavy-ion induced SEU for D-and TMR-flip-flop designs in 65nmbulk CMOS technology”(65纳米CMOS工艺下D触发器及其三模冗余设计的重离子单粒子翻转比较)(2014年10月第10期第57卷,第102405:1-7页)指出三模冗余技术对抑制单粒子翻转非常有效,然而三模冗余在65纳米工艺下翻转截面也仅仅减少了约一个数量级,并且三模冗余技术引入的选举电路本身也是单粒子敏感的。"Upset hardened memory design for submicro CMOS Technology" published by T.Calin et al. in IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science (Journal of IEEE Atomic Energy Science) (December 1996 No. Issue 6, Volume 43, Pages 2874-2878) proposed the DICE structure for the first time. This structure adopts the form of double interlocking, which can effectively suppress single-event flipping in micron and submicron processes. So far, the DICE structure has been widely used to trigger Device reinforcement design. However, under nanotechnology, "Technology scaling com-parison of flip-flop heavy-ion single event upsetcross sections" published in IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science (IEEE Atomic Energy Science Journal) by N.Gaspard et al. A comparison of the effects of process reduction factors on single event flip-flop cross section of flip-flops) (Volume 60, Issue 6, December 2013, pages 4368-4373) pointed out that the reinforcement effect of DICE flip-flops decreased sharply compared to D flip-flops, and DICE flip-flops and The single event turnover cross section of the D flip-flop changed from a difference of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude to a difference of only 1.2 to 5 times. Under the nano-CMOS process, the currently widely used flip-flop design scheme also has a three-mode redundant reinforced D flip-flop, such as "Comparison of heavy" published in Science China Information Sciences by Y.He et al. -ion induced SEU for D-and TMR-flip-flop designs in 65nmbulk CMOS technology" (Comparison of Heavy-Ion Single Event Flip for D-Flip-Flop and its Triple-Mode Redundancy Design under 65nm CMOS Technology) (No. 10, October 2014 Issue No. 57, Page 102405:1-7) pointed out that triple-mode redundancy technology is very effective in suppressing single event flipping, but the flipping cross-section of triple-mode redundancy is only reduced by about one order of magnitude under the 65-nanometer process, and the triple-mode redundancy The election circuit itself introduced by the redundancy technique is also single-event sensitive.
工艺尺寸缩减到65nm及其以下工艺中,集成电路中电荷共享诱发的单粒子多节点电荷收集已经成为一种普遍现象。一方面,目前的加固D触发器越来越难以避免单粒子多节点电荷收集所带来的单粒子翻转,以致于不能满足辐射环境下抗单粒子翻转的需求;另一方面,传统的D触发器三模冗余加固技术虽然能很好地抑制单粒子翻转,但是无法避免三模冗余所需的选举电路所带来的单粒子翻转并需要4倍(含选举电路的面积)以上的面积开销。如何减少加固D触发器的单粒子翻转截面,进而提升D触发器抗单粒子翻转能力是本领域技术人员极为关注的技术问题。As the process size shrinks to 65nm and below, charge sharing-induced single-event multi-node charge collection in integrated circuits has become a common phenomenon. On the one hand, it is increasingly difficult for the current reinforced D flip-flop to avoid the single event upset caused by single-event multi-node charge collection, so that it cannot meet the requirements of anti-single event upset in the radiation environment; on the other hand, the traditional D flip-flop Although the three-mode redundancy reinforcement technology of the device can well suppress the single event flip, it cannot avoid the single event flip caused by the election circuit required by the triple-mode redundancy and requires more than 4 times the area (including the area of the election circuit) overhead. How to reduce the single event turnover cross-section of the reinforced D flip-flop, and then improve the anti-single event turnover capability of the D flip-flop is a technical issue that is of great concern to those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是:针对现有加固D触发器不能满足辐射环境下抗单粒子翻转的需求、传统的D触发器三模冗余加固技术无法避免选举电路所带来的单粒子翻转且面积开销大的问题,提供一种抗单粒子翻转的D触发器,抗单粒子翻转能力更强,且有效降低三模冗余加固技术的面积开销,消除了选举电路带来的单粒子敏感性问题。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: the existing reinforced D flip-flop cannot meet the requirement of anti-single event flip-flop in the radiation environment, and the traditional three-mode redundant reinforcement technology of D flip-flop cannot avoid the single event flip-flop caused by the election circuit In addition to the problem of large area overhead, a D flip-flop that resists single event flips is provided, which has stronger anti-single event flip-flop capability, and effectively reduces the area overhead of the triple-mode redundancy reinforcement technology, eliminating the single-event sensitivity caused by the election circuit. sexual issues.
本发明的技术方案是:本发明中D触发器由主锁存器和从锁存器两级锁存器串联而成,主锁存器和从锁存器的结构完全相同,不过该Latch与普通D触发器中的Latch不完全相同,其中Latch的内核不再是首尾相连的两个反相器,而是如图4所示,由6个PMOS晶体管P1~P6和6个NMOS晶体管N1~N6构成。如图4所示,N1的漏极与P1的漏极、节点MN1相连,并连接到P2和N4的栅极上,N1的栅极与N2的漏极相连;N2的漏极与P2的漏极、节点M1相连,并连接到P3与N1的栅极上,N2的栅极与N5的漏极相连;N3的漏极与P3的漏极、节点MN2相连,并连接到P4和N6的栅极上,N3的栅极与N4的漏极相连;N4的漏极与P4的漏极、节点M2相连,并连接到P5和N3的栅极上,N4的栅极与N1的漏极相连;N5的漏极与P5的漏极、节点MN3相连,并连接到P6与N2的栅极上,N5的栅极与N6的漏极相连;N6的漏极与P6的漏极、节点M3相连,并连接到P1和N5的栅极上,N6的栅极与N3的漏极相连。P1的栅极与N6的漏极相连,P1的漏极与N1的漏极相连;P2的栅极与N1的漏极相连,P2的漏极与N2的漏极相连;P3的栅极与N2的漏极相连,P3的漏极与N3的漏极相连;P4的栅极与N3的漏极相连,P4的漏极与N4的漏极相连;P5的栅极与N4的漏极相连,P5的漏极与N5的漏极相连;P6的栅极与N5的漏极相连,P6的漏极与N6的漏极相连。6个PMOS晶体管P1~P6的源极均接电源VDD;6个NMOS晶体管N1~N6的源极均接地VSS。The technical scheme of the present invention is: among the present invention, D flip-flop is formed by master latch and slave latch two-stage latch series connection, and the structure of master latch and slave latch is exactly the same, but this Latch and The Latch in the ordinary D flip-flop is not exactly the same. The core of the Latch is no longer two inverters connected end to end, but as shown in Figure 4, it consists of 6 PMOS transistors P1~P6 and 6 NMOS transistors N1~ N6 constitutes. As shown in Figure 4, the drain of N1 is connected to the drain of P1, node MN1, and connected to the gates of P2 and N4, the gate of N1 is connected to the drain of N2; the drain of N2 is connected to the drain of P2 pole, node M1, and connected to the gate of P3 and N1, the gate of N2 is connected to the drain of N5; the drain of N3 is connected to the drain of P3, node MN2, and connected to the gate of P4 and N6 On the pole, the gate of N3 is connected to the drain of N4; the drain of N4 is connected to the drain of P4, the node M2, and connected to the gates of P5 and N3, and the gate of N4 is connected to the drain of N1; The drain of N5 is connected to the drain of P5 and the node MN3, and connected to the gates of P6 and N2, the gate of N5 is connected to the drain of N6; the drain of N6 is connected to the drain of P6 and the node M3, And connected to the gates of P1 and N5, the gate of N6 is connected to the drain of N3. The gate of P1 is connected to the drain of N6, the drain of P1 is connected to the drain of N1; the gate of P2 is connected to the drain of N1, the drain of P2 is connected to the drain of N2; the gate of P3 is connected to the drain of N2 The drain of P3 is connected to the drain of N3; the gate of P4 is connected to the drain of N3, the drain of P4 is connected to the drain of N4; the gate of P5 is connected to the drain of N4, and the drain of P5 The drain of P6 is connected with the drain of N5; the gate of P6 is connected with the drain of N5, and the drain of P6 is connected with the drain of N6. The sources of the six PMOS transistors P1-P6 are all connected to the power supply VDD; the sources of the six NMOS transistors N1-N6 are all connected to the ground VSS.
在图4所示内核的基础上,通过增加带时钟控制的晶体管等即可构成本发明的主锁存器或从锁存器。本发明D触发器中主锁存器仍与从锁存器完全相同。如图5所示,主锁存器的数据输入D通过3个带时钟控制的输入反相器分别连接到锁存器内核中的节点MN1、MN2和MN3,而锁存器内核节点M1、M2和M3处只需按照现有技术中带时钟控制的反相器那样(如图3(b)-(c)所示的串联方式,或图3(d)所示传输门方式)各增添一个由时钟控制的PMOS和NMOS晶体管即可,最终主锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点连接到从锁存器的数据输入D,而从锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点即为本发明D触发器的数据输出Q。On the basis of the kernel shown in FIG. 4 , the master latch or the slave latch of the present invention can be formed by adding transistors with clock control and the like. The master latch in the D flip-flop of the present invention is still completely the same as the slave latch. As shown in Figure 5, the data input D of the master latch is respectively connected to the nodes MN1, MN2 and MN3 in the latch core through three input inverters with clock control, and the latch core nodes M1, M2 and M3 only need to add one each according to the inverter with clock control in the prior art (serial mode as shown in Figure 3(b)-(c), or transmission gate mode as shown in Figure 3(d)) The PMOS and NMOS transistors controlled by the clock are enough, and finally any node of the M1 or M2 or M3 node of the master latch is connected to the data input D of the slave latch, and the M1 or M2 or M3 of the slave latch Any one of the nodes is the data output Q of the D flip-flop of the present invention.
图5-图7是本发明D触发器中主(或从)锁存器的3种具体实现形式。5-7 are three specific implementation forms of the master (or slave) latch in the D flip-flop of the present invention.
图5所示锁存器采用了图3(b)所示实现方式,PMOS晶体管P2、P4和P6的源极各自通过一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管(即P7、P8和P9)连接到电源VDD,而NMOS晶体管N2、N4和N6的源极各自通过一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管(即N7、N8和N9)连接到地VSS。锁存器的数据输入D通过三个带时钟控制的输入反相器Inv1~Inv3分别连接到节点MN1、MN2和MN3,而节点M3被选为输出信号Q。两个这样的锁存器按图1的方式串联起来即可构成本发明的D触发器,主锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点连接到从锁存器的数据输入D,而本实例中,从锁存器的节点M3被选为输出信号Q。The latch shown in Figure 5 adopts the implementation shown in Figure 3(b), and the sources of PMOS transistors P2, P4, and P6 are each connected to the power supply through a PMOS transistor controlled by a clock signal (ie, P7, P8, and P9). VDD, while the sources of the NMOS transistors N2, N4 and N6 are each connected to the ground VSS through an NMOS transistor (ie, N7, N8 and N9) controlled by a clock signal. The data input D of the latch is respectively connected to the nodes MN1, MN2 and MN3 through three clocked input inverters Inv1~Inv3, and the node M3 is selected as the output signal Q. Two such latches can be connected in series in the manner of Fig. 1 to form the D flip-flop of the present invention, and any node in the M1 or M2 or M3 nodes of the master latch is connected to the data input D of the slave latch. , and in this example, node M3 of the slave latch is selected as the output signal Q.
图6所示锁存器采用了图3(c)所示实现方式,PMOS晶体管P2的漏极和NMOS晶体管N2的漏极之间依次插入了一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管P10和一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管N10,PMOS晶体管P4的漏极和NMOS晶体管N4的漏极之间依次插入了一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管P11和一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管N11,PMOS晶体管P6的漏极和NMOS晶体管N6的漏极之间依次插入了一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管P12和一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管N12。同样、锁存器的数据输入D通过三个带时钟控制的输入反相器Inv1~Inv3分别连接到节点MN1、MN2和MN3,而节点M3被选为输出信号Q。两个这样的锁存器按图1的方式串联起来即可构成本发明的D触发器,主锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点连接到从锁存器的数据输入D,而本实例中,从锁存器的节点M3被选为输出信号Q。The latch shown in Figure 6 adopts the implementation shown in Figure 3(c). A PMOS transistor P10 controlled by a clock signal and a PMOS transistor controlled by a clock signal are sequentially inserted between the drain of the PMOS transistor P2 and the drain of the NMOS transistor N2. Between the NMOS transistor N10 controlled by the signal, the drain of the PMOS transistor P4 and the drain of the NMOS transistor N4, a PMOS transistor P11 controlled by a clock signal and an NMOS transistor N11 controlled by a clock signal, the drain of the PMOS transistor P6 A PMOS transistor P12 controlled by a clock signal and an NMOS transistor N12 controlled by a clock signal are sequentially inserted between the pole and the drain of the NMOS transistor N6. Similarly, the data input D of the latch is respectively connected to the nodes MN1, MN2 and MN3 through three input inverters Inv1~Inv3 with clock control, and the node M3 is selected as the output signal Q. Two such latches can be connected in series in the manner of Fig. 1 to form the D flip-flop of the present invention, and any node in the M1 or M2 or M3 nodes of the master latch is connected to the data input D of the slave latch. , and in this example, node M3 of the slave latch is selected as the output signal Q.
图7所示锁存器采用了图3(d)所示的传输门方式,即通过传输门TG1、TG2和TG3实现时钟信号对数据通路的控制。PMOS晶体管P13和NMOS管N13构成传输门TG1,PMOS晶体管P14和NMOS管N14构成传输门TG2,PMOS晶体管P15和NMOS管N15构成传输门TG3。传输门TG1的一端连接到M1节点,另一端连接到NMOS晶体管N1和PMOS晶体管P3的栅极;传输门TG2的一端连接到M2节点,另一端连接到NMOS晶体管N3和PMOS晶体管P5的栅极;传输门TG3的一端连接到M3节点,另一端连接到NMOS晶体管N5和PMOS晶体管P1的栅极。同样地,锁存器的数据输入D通过三个带时钟控制的输入反相器Inv1~Inv3分别连接到节点MN1、MN2和MN3,而节点M3被选为输出信号Q。两个这样的锁存器按图1的方式串联起来即可构成本发明的D触发器,主锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点连接到从锁存器的数据输入D,而本实例中,从锁存器的节点M3被选为输出信号Q。The latch shown in Figure 7 adopts the transmission gate method shown in Figure 3(d), that is, the control of the clock signal to the data path is realized through the transmission gates TG1, TG2 and TG3. The PMOS transistor P13 and the NMOS transistor N13 constitute the transmission gate TG1, the PMOS transistor P14 and the NMOS transistor N14 constitute the transmission gate TG2, and the PMOS transistor P15 and the NMOS transistor N15 constitute the transmission gate TG3. One end of the transmission gate TG1 is connected to the M1 node, and the other end is connected to the gates of the NMOS transistor N1 and the PMOS transistor P3; one end of the transmission gate TG2 is connected to the M2 node, and the other end is connected to the gates of the NMOS transistor N3 and the PMOS transistor P5; One end of the transmission gate TG3 is connected to the M3 node, and the other end is connected to the gates of the NMOS transistor N5 and the PMOS transistor P1. Similarly, the data input D of the latch is respectively connected to the nodes MN1, MN2 and MN3 through three clocked input inverters Inv1~Inv3, and the node M3 is selected as the output signal Q. Two such latches can be connected in series in the manner of Fig. 1 to form the D flip-flop of the present invention, and any node in the M1 or M2 or M3 nodes of the master latch is connected to the data input D of the slave latch. , and in this example, node M3 of the slave latch is selected as the output signal Q.
本发明抗单粒子翻转的工作过程为:The working process of anti-single event flipping of the present invention is:
当空间中的高能粒子或射线轰击到本发明D触发器中主锁存器或从锁存器中的某处时,如图4中的PMOS晶体管P2和P3,P3上会产生单粒子瞬态,节点MN2上会产生0→1的满摆幅电压跳变,开启NMOS晶体管N6,从而使得节点M3上的电压变成一个中间电平值;与此同时,PMOS晶体管P2被粒子轰击而使得节点M1上的电压得到增强,并维持高电平状态,它作用于N1晶体管从而使得节点MN1不受N6晶体管驱动P1的影响而保持为逻辑低电平,因而该锁存器的存储结构不会发生数值翻转。当然,从电路的角度来看,以图4所示内核构成的锁存器并非完全不会产生单粒子翻转,如晶体管对(P1、P3)同时受到粒子轰击时,节点MN1和MN2都会产生0→1的满摆幅电压跳变;从而使得节点M2上产生1→0的满摆幅电压跳变,节点M3上产生1→1/2的半摆幅电压跳变;这时MN3节点受P5驱动更强,MN3节点缓慢发生0→1的满摆幅跳变,并带动M3上发生1→0的满摆幅跳变;最终Lacth发生数值翻转。图4所示内核构成的锁存器中,对于存储0和存储1两种数据模式,粒子同时轰击能造成翻转的晶体管对有9对,并且这些晶体管对都只在存储1这种数据模式下敏感;然而晶体管对(P1、P3)和(P3、P5)在版图实现中间隔距离最近,按最小版图设计规则实现都达到了1.79μm;因而这些晶体管对实际上很难同时受到粒子轰击,即本发明中的锁存器以及本发明的D触发器具有很高的抗单粒子翻转能力。When the high-energy particles or rays in the space bombard the master latch in the D flip-flop of the present invention or somewhere in the slave latch, as shown in PMOS transistors P2 and P3 in Figure 4, single event transients will be produced on P3 , the node MN2 will produce a 0→1 full-scale voltage jump, turn on the NMOS transistor N6, so that the voltage on the node M3 becomes an intermediate level value; at the same time, the PMOS transistor P2 is bombarded by particles and the node The voltage on M1 is boosted and maintained at a high level, which acts on the N1 transistor so that the node MN1 is not affected by the N6 transistor driving P1 and remains at a logic low level, so the storage structure of the latch does not occur The value is flipped. Of course, from the point of view of the circuit, the latch composed of the core shown in Figure 4 is not completely immune to single-event inversion. For example, when the transistor pair (P1, P3) is bombarded by particles at the same time, both nodes MN1 and MN2 will generate 0 → 1 full-swing voltage jump; thus causing a 1→0 full-swing voltage jump on the node M2, and a 1→1/2 half-swing voltage jump on the node M3; at this time, the MN3 node is affected by P5 The drive is stronger, and the MN3 node slowly undergoes a 0→1 full-swing transition, which drives a 1→0 full-swing transition on M3; finally, the value of Lacth flips. In the latch composed of the core shown in Figure 4, for the two data modes of storing 0 and storing 1, there are 9 pairs of transistor pairs that can be reversed by the simultaneous bombardment of particles, and these transistor pairs are only in the data mode of storing 1 However, the transistor pairs (P1, P3) and (P3, P5) have the shortest distance in the layout implementation, and both achieve 1.79 μm according to the minimum layout design rules; therefore, it is actually difficult for these transistor pairs to be bombarded by particles at the same time, that is, The latch in the present invention and the D flip-flop in the present invention have very high anti-single-event reversal capability.
采用本发明可以达到以下技术效果:Adopt the present invention can reach following technical effect:
1、由于本发明中每个锁存器的内核都由6个PMOS晶体管和6个NMOS晶体管构成,这与传统的三模冗余技术相比不仅节约了一个选举电路的面积开销,还消除了选举电路带来的单粒子敏感性问题;1. Since the core of each latch in the present invention is composed of 6 PMOS transistors and 6 NMOS transistors, this not only saves the area overhead of an election circuit compared with the traditional triple-mode redundancy technology, but also eliminates The single event sensitivity problem caused by the election circuit;
2、本发明中D触发器内存储的数值对该单元的单粒子敏感性有重大影响。对于存储0这种数据模式,D触发器中任意两个晶体管受到粒子同时轰击都不会发生数值翻转,这使得本发明中的D触发器在存储数值0时单粒子敏感性更低、抗单粒子翻转能力更强。由于实际应用中很多触发器需要长时间保持同一数值,因而本发明对进一步提高这类触发器的抗单粒子翻转能力具有重要意义。2. The value stored in the D flip-flop in the present invention has a significant impact on the single event sensitivity of the unit. For the data mode of storing 0, any two transistors in the D flip-flop are bombarded by particles at the same time, and the value reversal will not occur, which makes the D flip-flop in the present invention less sensitive to single events when storing a value of 0 Particle flipping ability is stronger. Since many flip-flops need to maintain the same value for a long time in practical applications, the present invention is of great significance for further improving the anti-single-event upset capability of such flip-flops.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是采用主从两级锁存器结构的D触发器的逻辑结构图;Fig. 1 is a logic structure diagram of a D flip-flop adopting a master-slave two-stage latch structure;
图2是背景技术中普通D触发器中主从两级锁存器和锁存器内核的逻辑结构图;Fig. 2 is the logical structural diagram of master-slave two-stage latch and latch kernel in common D flip-flop in the background technology;
图3(a)是背景技术中普通D触发器中第三反相器的逻辑结构,图3(b)-(d)是带时钟控制的输入反相器或反馈反相器的3种实现形式的逻辑结构;Figure 3(a) is the logic structure of the third inverter in the common D flip-flop in the background technology, and Figure 3(b)-(d) are three implementations of input inverter or feedback inverter with clock control the logical structure of the form;
图4是本发明中锁存器内核的逻辑结构图;Fig. 4 is the logical structural diagram of latch kernel among the present invention;
图5是本发明中运用图3(b)所示方式实现的锁存器内核逻辑结构图;Fig. 5 is the latch core logic structural diagram that utilizes the mode shown in Fig. 3 (b) to realize among the present invention;
图6是本发明中运用图3(c)所示方式实现的锁存器内核逻辑结构图;Fig. 6 is the latch core logic structural diagram that utilizes the mode shown in Fig. 3 (c) to realize in the present invention;
图7是本发明中运用图3(d)所示方式实现的锁存器内核逻辑结构图。FIG. 7 is a logic structure diagram of a latch core realized by using the method shown in FIG. 3( d ) in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图1是采用主从两级锁存器结构的D触发器的逻辑结构图。Figure 1 is a logical structure diagram of a D flip-flop using a master-slave two-level latch structure.
普通D触发器和本发明D触发器均由主锁存器(锁存器)和从锁存器前后串联而成,主锁存器和从锁存器的结构完全相同。Both the ordinary D flip-flop and the D flip-flop of the present invention are composed of a master latch (latch) and a slave latch connected in series. The master latch and the slave latch have exactly the same structure.
图2是背景技术中普通D触发器中主从两级锁存器和锁存器内核的逻辑结构图。Fig. 2 is a logic structure diagram of a master-slave two-level latch and a latch core in a common D flip-flop in the background art.
普通D触发器的主锁存器或从锁存器均由1个带时钟控制的输入反相器、1个带时钟控制的反馈反相器和一个反相器构成。而锁存器的内核由两个首尾相连的反相器构成。The master latch or slave latch of an ordinary D flip-flop is composed of an input inverter with clock control, a feedback inverter with clock control and an inverter. The core of the latch consists of two inverters connected end to end.
图3(a)是第三反相器,它由1个PMOS晶体管和1个NMOS晶体管构成,其中PMOS晶体管和NMOS晶体管的漏极相连构成反相器的输出端,而PMOS晶体管和NMOS晶体管的栅极相连构成反相器的输入端;PMOS晶体管的源极连接到电源上,而NMOS晶体管的源极连接到地上。图3(b)-(d)是带时钟控制的输入反相器或反馈反相器的3种实现形式。纵观这3种实现形式,它们均是在图3(a)所示的第三反相器(由PMOS晶体管P1和NMOS晶体管N1构成)的基础上添加一个时钟控制的PMOS晶体管P2和一个时钟控制的NMOS晶体管N2;而其增加的晶体管或者如图3(b)-(c)所示以串联的方式相连,或者如图3(d)所示以传输门的形式连接在反相器的输出端。值得注意的是,带时钟控制的输入反相器中时钟信号与带时钟控制的反馈反相器中时钟信号相位差为180度。也就是说,当带时钟控制的输入反相器中PMOS晶体管P2的栅极连接到某外部信号CLK时,带时钟控制的反馈反相器中PMOS晶体管P2的栅极连接到由CLK信号经一反相器产生CLK的非信号上。Figure 3(a) is the third inverter, which is composed of a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor, wherein the drains of the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor are connected to form the output of the inverter, and the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor The gate is connected to form the input of the inverter; the source of the PMOS transistor is connected to the power supply, and the source of the NMOS transistor is connected to the ground. Figure 3(b)-(d) are 3 implementations of input inverter or feedback inverter with clock control. Looking at these three implementation forms, they all add a clock-controlled PMOS transistor P2 and a clock Controlled NMOS transistor N2; and its added transistors are either connected in series as shown in Figure 3(b)-(c), or connected in the form of transmission gates in the inverter as shown in Figure 3(d). output. It should be noted that the phase difference between the clock signal in the input inverter with clock control and the clock signal in the feedback inverter with clock control is 180 degrees. That is to say, when the gate of the PMOS transistor P2 in the input inverter with clock control is connected to an external signal CLK , the gate of the PMOS transistor P2 in the feedback inverter with clock control is connected to the CLK signal via CLK. An inverter generates the non-signal of CLK superior.
图4是本发明中锁存器的内核。Fig. 4 is the core of the latch in the present invention.
它不再像普通D触发器中锁存器的内核(图2所示)那样有两个首尾相连的反相器构成,而是由6个PMOS晶体管P1~P6以及6个NMOS晶体管N1~N6构成。N1的漏极与P1的漏极、节点MN1相连,并连接到P2和N4的栅极上,N1的栅极与N2的漏极相连;N2的漏极与P2的漏极、节点M1相连,并连接到P3与N1的栅极上,N2的栅极与N5的漏极相连;N3的漏极与P3的漏极、节点MN2相连,并连接到P4和N6的栅极上,N3的栅极与N4的漏极相连;N4的漏极与P4的漏极、节点M2相连,并连接到P5和N3的栅极上,N4的栅极与N1的漏极相连;N5的漏极与P5的漏极、节点MN3相连,并连接到P6与N2的栅极上,N5的栅极与N6的漏极相连;N6的漏极与P6的漏极、节点M3相连,并连接到P1和N5的栅极上,N6的栅极与N3的漏极相连。P1的栅极与N6的漏极相连,P1的漏极与N1的漏极相连;P2的栅极与N1的漏极相连,P2的漏极与N2的漏极相连;P3的栅极与N2的漏极相连,P3的漏极与N3的漏极相连;P4的栅极与N3的漏极相连,P4的漏极与N4的漏极相连;P5的栅极与N4的漏极相连,P5的漏极与N5的漏极相连;P6的栅极与N5的漏极相连,P6的漏极与N6的漏极相连。6个PMOS晶体管P1~P6的源极均接电源VDD;6个NMOS晶体管N1~N6的源极均接地VSS。It is no longer composed of two end-to-end inverters like the core of the latch in the ordinary D flip-flop (shown in Figure 2), but consists of 6 PMOS transistors P1~P6 and 6 NMOS transistors N1~N6 constitute. The drain of N1 is connected to the drain of P1, node MN1, and connected to the gates of P2 and N4, the gate of N1 is connected to the drain of N2; the drain of N2 is connected to the drain of P2, node M1, And connected to the gate of P3 and N1, the gate of N2 is connected to the drain of N5; the drain of N3 is connected to the drain of P3, node MN2, and connected to the gate of P4 and N6, the gate of N3 The pole is connected to the drain of N4; the drain of N4 is connected to the drain of P4, node M2, and connected to the gate of P5 and N3, the gate of N4 is connected to the drain of N1; the drain of N5 is connected to P5 The drain of N6 is connected to the drain of node MN3, and connected to the gate of P6 and N2, the gate of N5 is connected to the drain of N6; the drain of N6 is connected to the drain of P6, node M3, and connected to P1 and N5 On the gate of N6, the gate of N6 is connected with the drain of N3. The gate of P1 is connected to the drain of N6, the drain of P1 is connected to the drain of N1; the gate of P2 is connected to the drain of N1, the drain of P2 is connected to the drain of N2; the gate of P3 is connected to the drain of N2 The drain of P3 is connected to the drain of N3; the gate of P4 is connected to the drain of N3, the drain of P4 is connected to the drain of N4; the gate of P5 is connected to the drain of N4, and the drain of P5 The drain of P6 is connected with the drain of N5; the gate of P6 is connected with the drain of N5, and the drain of P6 is connected with the drain of N6. The sources of the six PMOS transistors P1-P6 are all connected to the power supply VDD; the sources of the six NMOS transistors N1-N6 are all connected to the ground VSS.
图5-图7是本发明D触发器中主(或从)锁存器的3种具体实现形式。5-7 are three specific implementation forms of the master (or slave) latch in the D flip-flop of the present invention.
图5所示锁存器采用了图3(b)所示实现方式,PMOS晶体管P2、P4和P6的源极各自通过一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管(即P7、P8和P9)连接到电源VDD,而NMOS晶体管N2、N4和N6的源极各自通过一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管(即N7、N8和N9)连接到地VSS。锁存器的数据输入D通过三个带时钟控制的输入反相器Inv1~Inv3分别连接到节点MN1、MN2和MN3,而节点M3被选为输出信号Q。两个这样的锁存器按图1的方式串联起来即可构成本发明的D触发器,主锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点连接到从锁存器的数据输入D,而本实例中,从锁存器的节点M3被选为输出信号Q。The latch shown in Figure 5 adopts the implementation shown in Figure 3(b), and the sources of PMOS transistors P2, P4, and P6 are each connected to the power supply through a PMOS transistor controlled by a clock signal (ie, P7, P8, and P9). VDD, while the sources of the NMOS transistors N2, N4 and N6 are each connected to the ground VSS through an NMOS transistor (ie, N7, N8 and N9) controlled by a clock signal. The data input D of the latch is respectively connected to the nodes MN1, MN2 and MN3 through three clocked input inverters Inv1~Inv3, and the node M3 is selected as the output signal Q. Two such latches can be connected in series in the manner of Fig. 1 to form the D flip-flop of the present invention, and any node in the M1 or M2 or M3 nodes of the master latch is connected to the data input D of the slave latch. , and in this example, node M3 of the slave latch is selected as the output signal Q.
图6所示锁存器采用了图3(c)所示实现方式,PMOS晶体管P2的漏极和NMOS晶体管N2的漏极之间依次插入了一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管P10和一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管N10,PMOS晶体管P4的漏极和NMOS晶体管N4的漏极之间依次插入了一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管P11和一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管N11,PMOS晶体管P6的漏极和NMOS晶体管N6的漏极之间依次插入了一个由时钟信号控制的PMOS晶体管P12和一个由时钟信号控制的NMOS晶体管N12。同样、锁存器的数据输入D通过三个带时钟控制的输入反相器Inv1~Inv3分别连接到节点MN1、MN2和MN3,而节点M3被选为输出信号Q。两个这样的锁存器按图1的方式串联起来即可构成本发明的D触发器,主锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点连接到从锁存器的数据输入D,而本实例中,从锁存器的节点M3被选为输出信号Q。The latch shown in Figure 6 adopts the implementation shown in Figure 3(c). A PMOS transistor P10 controlled by a clock signal and a PMOS transistor controlled by a clock signal are sequentially inserted between the drain of the PMOS transistor P2 and the drain of the NMOS transistor N2. Between the NMOS transistor N10 controlled by the signal, the drain of the PMOS transistor P4 and the drain of the NMOS transistor N4, a PMOS transistor P11 controlled by a clock signal and an NMOS transistor N11 controlled by a clock signal, the drain of the PMOS transistor P6 A PMOS transistor P12 controlled by a clock signal and an NMOS transistor N12 controlled by a clock signal are sequentially inserted between the pole and the drain of the NMOS transistor N6. Similarly, the data input D of the latch is respectively connected to the nodes MN1, MN2 and MN3 through three input inverters Inv1~Inv3 with clock control, and the node M3 is selected as the output signal Q. Two such latches can be connected in series in the manner of Fig. 1 to form the D flip-flop of the present invention, and any node in the M1 or M2 or M3 nodes of the master latch is connected to the data input D of the slave latch. , and in this example, node M3 of the slave latch is selected as the output signal Q.
图7所示锁存器采用了图3(d)所示的传输门方式,即通过传输门TG1、TG2和TG3实现时钟信号对数据通路的控制。PMOS晶体管P13和NMOS管N13构成传输门TG1,PMOS晶体管P14和NMOS管N14构成传输门TG2,PMOS晶体管P15和NMOS管N15构成传输门TG3。传输门TG1的一端连接到M1节点,另一端连接到NMOS晶体管N1和PMOS晶体管P3的栅极;传输门TG2的一端连接到M2节点,另一端连接到NMOS晶体管N3和PMOS晶体管P5的栅极;传输门TG3的一端连接到M3节点,另一端连接到NMOS晶体管N5和PMOS晶体管P1的栅极。同样地,锁存器的数据输入D通过三个带时钟控制的输入反相器Inv1~Inv3分别连接到节点MN1、MN2和MN3,而节点M3被选为输出信号Q。两个这样的锁存器按图1的方式串联起来即可构成本发明的D触发器,主锁存器的M1或M2或M3节点中的任意一个节点连接到从锁存器的数据输入D,而本实例中,从锁存器的节点M3被选为输出信号Q。The latch shown in Figure 7 adopts the transmission gate method shown in Figure 3(d), that is, the control of the clock signal to the data path is realized through the transmission gates TG1, TG2 and TG3. The PMOS transistor P13 and the NMOS transistor N13 constitute the transmission gate TG1, the PMOS transistor P14 and the NMOS transistor N14 constitute the transmission gate TG2, and the PMOS transistor P15 and the NMOS transistor N15 constitute the transmission gate TG3. One end of the transmission gate TG1 is connected to the M1 node, and the other end is connected to the gates of the NMOS transistor N1 and the PMOS transistor P3; one end of the transmission gate TG2 is connected to the M2 node, and the other end is connected to the gates of the NMOS transistor N3 and the PMOS transistor P5; One end of the transmission gate TG3 is connected to the M3 node, and the other end is connected to the gates of the NMOS transistor N5 and the PMOS transistor P1. Similarly, the data input D of the latch is respectively connected to the nodes MN1, MN2 and MN3 through three clocked input inverters Inv1~Inv3, and the node M3 is selected as the output signal Q. Two such latches can be connected in series in the manner of Fig. 1 to form the D flip-flop of the present invention, and any node in the M1 or M2 or M3 nodes of the master latch is connected to the data input D of the slave latch. , and in this example, node M3 of the slave latch is selected as the output signal Q.
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CN110838834B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-07-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | An Improved QUATRO D Trigger Reinforced Against Single Event Flip |
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