CN105866879B - A kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber - Google Patents
A kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN105866879B CN105866879B CN201610420817.3A CN201610420817A CN105866879B CN 105866879 B CN105866879 B CN 105866879B CN 201610420817 A CN201610420817 A CN 201610420817A CN 105866879 B CN105866879 B CN 105866879B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
- G02B6/02014—Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
- G02B6/02019—Effective area greater than 90 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
- G02B6/03683—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - - + +
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber,Include sandwich layer and wrap the covering of sandwich layer,It is characterized in that described core radius r1 is 5~6.5 μm,Relative index of refraction Δ n1 is 0.02~0.14%,Described sandwich layer is the silica glass layer for mixing chlorine,The content of chlorine is 0.4 2wt% in sandwich layer,Described covering is the inner cladding for wrapping sandwich layer successively from inside to outside,Sink inner cladding,Aid in surrounding layer and surrounding layer,Described inner cladding diameter r2 is 9~14 μm,Relative index of refraction Δ n2 is less than or equal to 0.18%,Described sagging inner cladding diameter r3 is 12~20 μm,Relative index of refraction Δ n3 is less than or equal to 0.40%,Described auxiliary outsourcing cladding radius r4 is 35~50 μm,Relative index of refraction Δ n4 is less than or equal to 0.18%,Described surrounding layer is pure silicon dioxide glass overclad.The present invention not only decays low, and core covering sets reasonable, and viscosity matching is excellent, and manufacture craft is easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical communication field, and in particular to a kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber.
Background technology
Optical fiber fabrication arts focus is to prepare the ultralow new single-mode fiber product of decay at present, so finding a kind of effective
Method reduce fiber attenuation coefficient, control manufacturing cost, be all very huge challenge for fiber manufacturing enterprise.
Its main difficulty is following three points：First, how to reduce decay：Method main at present is to reduce the Rayleigh scattering system of optical fiber
Number；Second, referred mainly to while ultralow attenuation coefficient is obtained, it is necessary to ensure that each optical parametric of optical fiber meets ITU-T standard
MFD, dispersion, cutoff wavelength and bending property control are in standard claimed range：Ensureing the same of the ultralow fade performance of optical fiber
When, other optical parametrics must be controlled in respective range；Third, optic fibre manufacture process is simply controllable, optical fiber is not dramatically increased
Manufacturing cost.
It is difficult for three above, first from how reducing for the decay of optical fiber.For silica fibre, in 600nm-
1600nm decay mostlys come from Rayleigh scattering, as the attenuation alpha caused by Rayleigh scatteringRIt can be calculated by following formula：
In formula, λ is wavelength (μm), and R is (dB/km/ μm of rayleigh scattering coefficient4)；P is light intensity；When rayleigh scattering coefficient is true
When recognizing, B is corresponding constant.As long as thus it is determined that rayleigh scattering coefficient R just can obtain declining caused by Rayleigh scattering
Subtract αR(dB/km).On the one hand Rayleigh scattering is due to caused by density fluctuation, be on the other hand due to caused by fluctuation of concentration.
Thus rayleigh scattering coefficient R is represented by：
R=Rd+Rc
In above formula, RdAnd RcThe rayleigh scattering coefficient change caused by density fluctuation and fluctuation of concentration is represented respectively.Its
Middle RcFor the fluctuation of concentration factor, it is mainly influenceed by fiber glass part doping concentration, uses fewer Ge and F in theory
Or other doping, RcSmaller, this is also to be designed using pure silicon core, the reason for realizing ultralow fade performance.
It should be noted that arriving, another parameter R is also included in rayleigh scattering coefficientd。RdWith the fictive temperature T of glassF
Correlation, and change with structure change and the temperature change of glass.The fictive temperature T of glassFIt is to characterize glass structure one
Physical parameter, the structure for being defined as being quickly cooled to glass from certain temperature T ' room temperature glass no longer adjust and reach certain equilibrium-like
Temperature corresponding to state.Work as T '>Tf (softening temperature of glass), because the viscosity of glass is smaller, glass structure is easy to adjust, thus
It is in poised state per glass in a flash, therefore TF=T '；Work as T '<Tg(transition temperature of glass), due to glass viscosity compared with
Greatly, glass structure is difficult to adjust, and the structural adjustment of glass lags behind temperature change, therefore TF>T’；Work as Tg<T’<Tf(the softening of glass
Temperature), glass is intended to balance that the required time is more shorter, specifically relevant with the component and cooling velocity of glass, therefore TF>
T ' or TF<T’。
Virtual temperature is in addition to the thermal history with fiber preparation has relation, and the component of fiber glass material is to virtual temperature
Degree has obvious and direct influence.Specifically, material component is to the viscosity of fiber glass material, thermal coefficient of expansion, cooling
The influence in the relaxation time of process, directly decide the virtual temperature of optical fiber.It should be noted that because ultralow attenuating fiber glass
Glass part is generally divided into several parts, such as typical sandwich layer, inner cladding and surrounding layer, or more complicated structure.So to multiple
The compositional difference of material needs reasonably to be matched between part：First ensures the optical waveguide of optical fiber, and second ensures glass
The defects of obvious, is not had between each layer into after optical fiber by wire drawing under wire drawing stress, causes optical fiber attenuation abnormal.
As described above, for optical fiber preparation technology, reducing fiber attenuation coefficient has three kinds of methods：The first is to try to subtract
The doping of few sandwich layer part, reduce the concentration factor of fiber Rayleigh scattering.Second is to reduce drawing speed, increase optical fiber annealing
Process, ensure that preform during wire drawing is into optical fiber, slowly reduces temperature, so as to reduce the virtual temperature of optical fiber,
Reduce decay.But this method significantly improves fiber manufacturing cost, and slowly contribution of the annealing process to optical fiber attenuation be also very
Thermal history is prepared in big degree by fiber glass material component and prefabricated rods to restrict, so making to reduce decay in this way
Effect is limited.The third is the material component matching for rationally designing inside of optical fibre, i.e., need to be to fiber cores on the basis of few doping
The glass material of layer, inner cladding and other positions carries out rational proportioning and not only ensured in drawing process, each position of optical fiber
Rational optical cross-sectional matching is equipped with, also to ensure that there are rational viscosity, thermal expansion, Stress match in each position of optical fiber.At present
It is more that notice is placed in the first and three kinds of methods when manufacturing ultralow attenuating fiber.
When manufacturing ultralow attenuating fiber using the third method in the industry at present, a kind of main method is set using pure silicon core
Meter.The design of pure silicon core refers to do not have the doping for carrying out germanium or fluorine in sandwich layer.As described above, no germanium Fluorin doped can be effective
The concentration factor of optical fiber is reduced, advantageously reduces fiber Rayleigh coefficient.But use the pure silicon core design also optics ripple to optical fiber
Lead design and material profile design brings many challenges., must in order to ensure the total reflection of optical fiber when being designed using pure silicon core
The F doping inner claddings of relatively lower refractive rate must be used to be matched, to ensure to keep enough foldings between sandwich layer and inner cladding
Penetrate rate difference.But in this case, the sandwich layer of pure silicon core will relatively if not done by rational design of material, its viscosity
Height, and the inner cladding segment viscosity of a large amount of F doping is relatively low simultaneously, causes the matching of optical fiber structure viscosity unbalance, so that pure silicon core
The optical fiber virtual temperature of structure increases sharply, and causes the R of optical fiberdIncrease.Thus not only balance out RcThe benefit brought is reduced,
More likely cause optical fiber attenuation reversely abnormal.
To solve this problem, it is proposed that alkali species are added in the sandwich layer of optical fiber, using alkali metal ion to glass
The modification of glass material, the viscosity and thermal coefficient of expansion of optical fiber are optimized, make the glass material of fiber core layer and inner cladding mutual
Matching, so as to effectively reduce the Rayleigh coefficient of optical fiber.Alkali is added in the core as used in document US20100195999A1
The method of metal, in the case where keeping fiber core layer pure silicon core, by the viscosity and sandwich layer knot that change fiber core layer part
The time of structure relaxation, come R caused by solving viscosity mismatchdIncrease, so as to the overall rayleigh scattering coefficient for reducing optical fiber.This kind of side
Although method can effectively reduce optical fiber attenuation, relative technique prepares complicated, it is necessary to point multiple batches of handled plug, and
When requiring high to the control of alkali-metal-doped concentration, and being designed using pure silicon core, in order to match the refractive index of pure silicon core, it is necessary to make
Surrounding layer is used as by the use of Fluorin doped glass.The viscosity of Fluorin doped glass is very small, and manufacturing cost is high, is unfavorable for preparing large scale
Preform and high-speed wire-drawing, so being not easy to prepare on a large scale.
Because a variety of inconvenience be present in the design of pure silicon core+pure fluorine surrounding layer, if a kind of pure silicon dioxide can be developed and made
Turn into an important topic of optical fiber fabrication arts for the ultralow decay of outsourcing layer.But pure silicon dioxide is used as outsourcing
Layer material, the realization for ultralow attenuating fiber have two important challenges to need to solve.First is the waveguide design of optical fiber.For
Ensure the waveguide transmission of optical fiber, we must assure that the single mode transport pattern of optical fiber does not leak.If with reference to conventional
The design of optical fiber, it is highly doped upwards to carry out refractive index in sandwich layer, then high dopant can cause the Rayleigh coefficient of optical fiber to increase, nothing
Method realizes ultralow decay.If in sandwich layer without using high dopant, or using dopant less, how to ensure optical fiber waveguide and
Other optical parametrics just turn into a significant challenge.As document CN201310394404 proposes a kind of setting for ultralow attenuating fiber
Meter, it uses the surrounding layer design of pure silicon dioxide, but because it uses typical step cross-section structure, does not use
The bending of sagging inner cladding design optimization optical fiber, and its sandwich layer and inner cladding do not carry out material component optimization, it is possible that making
There is viscosity mismatch when being prepared into prefabricated rods, it is possible to find its decay be all higher than 0.170dB/km and bent horizontal relatively
Difference.
Document CN201510359450.4 proposes ultralow the attenuating fiber section and design of material of a kind of non-pure silicon core.Its
It is co-doped with matching the Fluorin doped glass of inner cladding using a small amount of germanium fluorine of sandwich layer, optimizes the component design of material, to a certain extent
Reduce the rayleigh scattering coefficient of optical fiber；Using relatively low sagging inner cladding and auxiliary inner wrap material, optical fiber is realized
Single mode transport；Sandwich layer be make use of with viscosity and thermal stress between optical fiber various pieces, the difference of the coefficient of expansion, realize compared with
Low density fluctuation, the defects of reducing between interface.It should be noted that containing a certain amount of in the outsourcing layer of the design
Metal ion, so as to be integrally improved the viscosity of surrounding layer, reduce the refractive index of outsourcing layer, this has to a certain extent
Help realize the matched design of viscosity of material and stress, but also increase the density fluctuation coefficient of optical fiber integral material.We note
The Reduction Level anticipated to the design is all higher than 0.162dB/km, can not such as solve the fluorin-doped caused concentration factor of germanium of sandwich layer
Increase and continue the viscosity of reduction sandwich layer；And solve mismatch of the surrounding layer viscosity higher with auxiliary inner cladding viscosity, the program
It is difficult to continue to reduce the decay of optical fiber.
The content of the invention
It is definition and the explanation for some terms being related in the present invention below：
ppm：Millionth weight ratio；
Counted since fiber core axis, according to the change of refractive index, that layer being defined as near axis is optical fiber
Sandwich layer, the outermost layer of optical fiber is that the pure silicon dioxide layer of no germanium and Fluorin doped is defined as optical fiber jacket.
Relative index of refraction Δ ni：
Each layer relative index of refraction Δ n of optical fiberiDefined by below equation,
Wherein niFor the absolute index of refraction of optical fiber ad-hoc location part, and ncTo synthesize the absolute index of refraction of pure quartz glass,
I.e. without the synthesis pure silicon dioxide absolute index of refraction for carrying out Ge or F doping.
The effective area A of optical fibereff：
Wherein, E is the electric field relevant with propagation, and R is the distance between axle center to Electric Field Distribution point.
Cable cut-off wavelength λcc：
Defined in IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard 60793-1-44：Cable cut-off wavelength λccIt is optical signal in optical fiber
In have propagated and not be re-used as the wavelength that single mode signal is propagated after 22 meters.Test when need to by optical fiber around a radius
14cm circle, two radius 4cm circle obtain data.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to decline for above-mentioned the shortcomings of the prior art offer one kind is ultralow
Subtract large-effective area single mode fiber, it not only decays low, and core covering sets reasonable, and viscosity matching is excellent, and manufacture craft is easy.
The present invention is to solve the problems, such as that used technical scheme set forth above is：Include sandwich layer and wrap the bag of sandwich layer
Layer, it is characterised in that described core radius r1 is 5~6.5 μm, and relative index of refraction Δ n1 is 0.02~0.14%, described core
Layer is to mix the silica glass layer of chlorine, and the content of chlorine is 0.4-2wt% (percentage by weight) in sandwich layer, and described covering is served as reasons
Wrapping the inner cladding of sandwich layer, the inner cladding that sink, auxiliary surrounding layer and surrounding layer, described inner cladding diameter r2 successively from inside to outside is
9~14 μm, relative index of refraction Δ n2 is less than or equal to -0.18%, and described sagging inner cladding diameter r3 is 12~20 μm, relatively
Refractive index n3 is less than or equal to -0.40%, and described auxiliary outsourcing cladding radius r4 is 35~50 μm, relative index of refraction Δ n4
Less than or equal to -0.18%, described surrounding layer is pure silicon dioxide glass overclad.
By such scheme, described inner cladding relative index of refraction Δ n2 is -0.18~-0.40%.
By such scheme, described sagging inner cladding be fluorine doped silica glass layer, relative index of refraction Δ n3 for-
0.40~-0.61%.
By such scheme, described auxiliary surrounding layer is the silica glass layer of fluorine doped, relative index of refraction Δ n4 for-
0.18~-0.47%.
By such scheme, effective area of the optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength is 100~145 μm2。
By such scheme, attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.165dB/km, preferably
Under the conditions of, less than or equal to 0.160dB/km.
By such scheme, the cabled cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber is equal to or less than 1530nm.
By such scheme, the zero dispersion point of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 1300nm.
By such scheme, dispersion of the optical fiber at wavelength 1550nm is equal to or less than 23ps/nm*km, the optical fiber
Dispersion at wavelength 1625nm is equal to or less than 27ps/nm*km.
The present invention is based on following research：The chlorine doping of high concentration is carried out in sandwich layer part can realize similar to alkali metal
The modification of ion pair glass material.In fiber core layer position, doping is more than 5000ppm chlorion, can improve the refraction of optical fiber
Rate, the viscosity of optical fiber is reduced, accelerate the structural relaxation of glass.It is further noted that chlorine ion concentration to the concentration of optical fiber because
Son contribution unobvious, so the chlorine ion concentration of appropriate raising sandwich layer glass material, with reference to the inner wrap material of matched design
Component designs, and can effectively reduce the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber；So that the optimization of outsourcing layer component, is more prone to control
System, it is not necessary to increase the viscosity of outsourcing layer using Al and other metal ions.I.e.：Designed using the pure silicon core of chlorine doping, drop
The viscosity of low fiber core layer；Inner cladding doping reasonable in design, match the relaxation time of sandwich layer；Designed using sagging inner cladding,
Optimize optical waveguide；Sandwich layer reasonable in design, inner cladding, sink inner cladding and auxiliary inner cladding Fluorin doped concentration solution optical fiber
Internal viscosity matching；The main drawing tensile force of optical fiber finally is undertaken using harder pure silicon dioxide outsourcing Rotating fields, reduces optical fiber
Stress defect caused by drawing tensile force.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：1st, by sandwich layer, and inner cladding and sagging inner cladding, aiding in surrounding layer,
Surrounding layer carries out different materials component and waveguiding structure design, the design of optimization optical fiber various pieces viscosity and fiber stress section,
To realize the ultralow fade performance of single-mode fiber and have small area greatly；2nd, the pure silicon sandwich layer adulterated using chlorine matches pure silicon dioxide
Glass overclad reduces doping process control difficulty, reduces optical fiber fabrication cost；3rd, sandwich layer is the pure silicon sandwich layer of chlorine doping,
Reduce sandwich layer viscosity；By rationally designing sandwich layer and inner wrap material, sandwich layer and inner cladding glass material are reduced in optical fiber system
Structural relaxation time mismatch during standby, reduces boundary defect；4th, in sandwich layer and surrounding layer centre position, outsourcing of sinking is passed through
Layer design, suppress basic mode cut-off problem, improve fibre-optic waveguide transmission conditions；5th, optical fiber is undertaken with pure silicon dioxide outsourcing Rotating fields
Drawing tensile force, reduce interface location defect caused by stress.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Refractive Index Profile of Optical schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
Optical fiber includes sandwich layer, inner cladding, the inner cladding that sink, auxiliary inner cladding and surrounding layer composition.Sandwich layer is by mixing the two of chlorine
Silica quartz glass forms；Inner cladding closely surrounds sandwich layer；Sagging inner cladding closely surrounds inner cladding, by fluorine doped silica
Quartz glass forms；Sink inner cladding outer wrap auxiliary surrounding layer, and auxiliary surrounding layer is the silica glass layer of fluorine doped；Optical fiber
Prefabricated rods outermost layer is made up of pure silicon dioxide glass, and surrounding layer radius is 62.5 μm.
Table 1 is classified as the core material component of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, each several part refractive index profile parameter and corresponding
Attenuation coefficient.
Table 1
Claims (9)
1. a kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber, include sandwich layer and wrap the covering of sandwich layer, it is characterised in that institute
The core radius r1 stated is 5~6.5 μm, and relative index of refraction Δ n1 is 0.02~0.14%, and described sandwich layer is the dioxy for mixing chlorine
SiClx glassy layer, the content of chlorine is 0.4-2wt% in sandwich layer, and described covering is wraps the interior bag of sandwich layer successively from inside to outside
Layer, the inner cladding that sink, auxiliary surrounding layer and surrounding layer, described inner cladding diameter r2 are 9~14 μm, and relative index of refraction Δ n2 is small
In or equal to -0.18%, described sagging inner cladding diameter r3 is 12~20 μm, relative index of refraction Δ n3 is less than or equal to -
0.40%, described auxiliary outsourcing cladding radius r4 are 35~50 μm, and relative index of refraction Δ n4 is less than or equal to -0.18%, institute
The surrounding layer stated is pure silicon dioxide glass overclad；Attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to
0.161dB/km。
2. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described inner cladding is relative
Refractive index n2 is -0.18~-0.40%.
3. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described interior wrap of sinking
Layer is the silica glass layer of fluorine doped, and relative index of refraction Δ n3 is -0.40~-0.61%.
4. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described auxiliary outsourcing
Layer is the silica glass layer of fluorine doped, and relative index of refraction Δ n4 is -0.18~-0.47%.
5. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the optical fiber exists
Effective area at 1550nm wavelength is 100~145 μm2。
6. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the optical fiber exists
Attenuation coefficient at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.160dB/km.
7. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the stranding of the optical fiber
Cutoff wavelength is equal to or less than 1530nm.
8. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that zero color of the optical fiber
Scatterplot is less than or equal to 1300nm.
9. the ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber as described in claim 8, it is characterised in that the optical fiber is in wavelength
Dispersion at 1550nm is equal to or less than 23ps/nm*km, and dispersion of the optical fiber at wavelength 1625nm is equal to or less than
27ps/nm*km。
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| CN106997073A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-01 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber |
| CN111562648B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-12-16 | 江苏永鼎光纤科技有限公司 | Large effective mode area low-loss optical fiber with optimized cladding components |
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| AU762729B2 (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2003-07-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and method of manufacture thereof |
| CN102243336B (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-06-05 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Dispersion compensation fiber |
| US9618692B2 (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2017-04-11 | Corning Incorporated | High chlorine content low attenuation optical fiber |
| CN104360434B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2017-02-01 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Single mode fiber with ultralow-attenuation large effective area |
| CN104991306A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-10-21 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Ultra-low attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber |
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