CN105864341A - High-reliability combined type shock absorber - Google Patents
High-reliability combined type shock absorber Download PDFInfo
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- CN105864341A CN105864341A CN201610344838.1A CN201610344838A CN105864341A CN 105864341 A CN105864341 A CN 105864341A CN 201610344838 A CN201610344838 A CN 201610344838A CN 105864341 A CN105864341 A CN 105864341A
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001967 Metal rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
- F16F7/108—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on plastics springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
- F16F2222/08—Inertia
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明一种高可靠组合式减震器，涉及橡胶隔振器技术领域；通过能量吸收和能量转移进行减振，对高频振动起到隔离作用，利用阻尼材料的阻尼吸收一部分能量，其余能量转移到低频段。减振器的阻尼元件中两端为阻尼垫，中部为阻尼柱；设计了阻尼柱粘接铝套，并通过低温铆接与复合阻尼板连接，消除了阻尼柱与安装连接部位的相对位移和剪切，极大提高了阻尼器的可靠性；减振器金属限位垫片设计了一定锥度，减小了限位衬套扩充段根部的承载，通过扩充杆进行扩充连接保证了减振器保持一体的紧密连接程度；设计的组合式减振器满足耐大量级动载荷要求，具有高可靠性，对设备的共振放大倍数、高频振动进行了很好的控制，也具有较好的缓冲性能。
The invention relates to a high-reliability combined shock absorber, which relates to the technical field of rubber vibration isolators; vibration reduction is performed through energy absorption and energy transfer, and high-frequency vibration is isolated; a part of the energy is absorbed by the damping of the damping material, and the remaining energy is Shift to low frequency band. The two ends of the damping element of the shock absorber are damping pads, and the middle part is a damping column; the damping column is designed to be bonded to an aluminum sleeve, and connected to the composite damping plate through low-temperature riveting, eliminating the relative displacement and shear of the damping column and the installation connection part. cutting, which greatly improves the reliability of the damper; the metal limit gasket of the shock absorber is designed with a certain taper, which reduces the load on the root of the expansion section of the limit bushing, and the expansion connection through the expansion rod ensures that the shock absorber maintains Integrated tight connection; the designed combined shock absorber meets the requirements of large-scale dynamic load resistance, has high reliability, and has well controlled the resonance magnification and high-frequency vibration of the equipment, and also has good cushioning performance .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种橡胶隔振器技术领域，特别是一种高可靠组合式减震器。The invention relates to the technical field of rubber vibration isolators, in particular to a highly reliable combined shock absorber.
背景技术Background technique
粘弹性阻尼材料为基础的阻尼减振技术已广泛应用于各种火箭、导弹、卫星、军用及民用飞机、舰船和车辆上的仪器仪表、导航设备和电子系统等的振动控制及噪声控制，已成为航空航天工程中必不可少的关键技术之一。The damping and vibration reduction technology based on viscoelastic damping materials has been widely used in the vibration control and noise control of various rockets, missiles, satellites, military and civil aircraft, ships and vehicles, instruments and meters, navigation equipment and electronic systems. It has become one of the essential key technologies in aerospace engineering.
橡胶减振器由于其制造工艺简单，使用方便有效，同时兼有一定的缓冲效果，所以得到了广泛的应用。电子设备用橡胶减振器典型结构形式有T型减振器结构和金属橡胶复合减振器结构等。Rubber shock absorbers are widely used because of their simple manufacturing process, convenient and effective use, and certain cushioning effects. Typical structural forms of rubber shock absorbers for electronic equipment include T-shaped shock absorber structures and metal-rubber composite shock absorber structures.
某电子设备用阻尼器在承受大量级振动、冲击等动载荷作用时，存在阻尼垫撕裂的问题，可靠性不能满足使用要求；在有限的设计空间条件下，安装可靠性不足，无法满足安装力矩要求；并且金属限位垫片和限位衬套连接可靠性不足。When a damper for electronic equipment is subjected to dynamic loads such as large-scale vibration and impact, there is a problem of tearing of the damping pad, and the reliability cannot meet the requirements of use; under the condition of limited design space, the installation reliability is not enough to meet the installation requirements. Torque requirements; and the connection reliability of the metal limit washer and the limit bushing is insufficient.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的上述不足，提供一种高可靠组合式减震器，该减振器除了具有对振动能量进行衰减、隔离高频振动的功能，同时可以满足装配、连接以及耐大量级振动、冲击、过载等动载荷的高可靠性。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a highly reliable combined shock absorber, which not only has the functions of attenuating vibration energy and isolating high-frequency vibration, but also can meet the requirements of assembly, connection and High reliability against large-scale vibration, shock, overload and other dynamic loads.
本发明的上述目的是通过如下技术方案予以实现的：Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical scheme:
一种高可靠组合式减震器，包括复合阻尼板和橡胶阻尼器；多个橡胶阻尼器对称固定安装在复合阻尼板上，实现对复合阻尼板的平衡减震；复合阻尼板包括基层铝板、粘弹性阻尼层和约束层钢板；其中，基层铝板位于最底部，粘弹性阻尼层和约束层钢板依次安装在基层铝板的上表面。A high-reliability combined shock absorber, including a composite damping plate and a rubber damper; multiple rubber dampers are symmetrically fixed and installed on the composite damping plate to achieve balanced shock absorption for the composite damping plate; the composite damping plate includes a base aluminum plate, Viscoelastic damping layer and constrained layer steel plates; wherein, the base aluminum plate is located at the bottom, and the viscoelastic damping layer and constrained layer steel plates are sequentially installed on the upper surface of the base aluminum plate.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，所述的复合阻尼板的约束层钢板材料为022Cr17Ni12Mo2，基层铝板在磷酸阳极化后喷涂环氧酯底漆H06-2。In the aforementioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, the constrained layer steel plate material of the composite damping plate is 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, and the base aluminum plate is sprayed with epoxy ester primer H06-2 after phosphoric acid anodization.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，所述的橡胶阻尼器为组合式中空结构，包括阻尼垫、阻尼柱粘接铝套、限位垫片和限位衬套；其中限位衬套为倒置的T型结构，包括底座和中空伸长轴，中空伸长轴轴向垂直位于底座上端；限位衬套位于最下端；按阻尼垫、阻尼柱粘接铝套、阻尼垫的顺序，依次套装在限位衬套中空伸长轴的外壁，固定在限位衬套的底座上；在阻尼垫的上端安装限位垫片，实现对阻尼垫、阻尼柱粘接铝套的固定限位。In the above-mentioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, the rubber damper is a combined hollow structure, including a damping pad, a damping column bonded aluminum sleeve, a limit washer and a limit bushing; The sleeve is an inverted T-shaped structure, including a base and a hollow elongated shaft. The hollow elongated shaft is located at the upper end of the base vertically; the limit bushing is located at the bottom end; the damping pad, damping column is bonded to the aluminum sleeve, and the damping pad is in order. , which are successively set on the outer wall of the hollow extension shaft of the limit bushing, and fixed on the base of the limit bush; a limit gasket is installed on the upper end of the damping pad to realize the fixed limit of the damping pad and the aluminum sleeve bonded to the damping column. bit.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，所述复合阻尼板在安装橡胶阻尼器的相应位置设置有通孔；橡胶阻尼器的两个阻尼垫分别与复合阻尼板的上下表面接触；阻尼柱粘接铝套与复合阻尼板的通孔采用低温过盈装配工艺进行配合。In the above-mentioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, the composite damping plate is provided with a through hole at the corresponding position where the rubber damper is installed; the two damping pads of the rubber damper are respectively in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the composite damping plate; The column bonded aluminum sleeve and the through hole of the composite damping plate are matched by a low temperature interference assembly process.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，低温过盈装配工艺为：过盈量为0.025～0.035mm；温度为-60～-80℃；保温2～2.5小时。In the above-mentioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, the low-temperature interference assembly process is as follows: the interference is 0.025-0.035mm; the temperature is -60--80°C; and the heat preservation is 2-2.5 hours.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，所述的阻尼柱粘接铝套由阻尼橡胶柱硫化粘接于铝套外表面形成；限位衬套材料为高温合金材料GH4169。In the above-mentioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, the aluminum sleeve bonded to the damping column is formed by vulcanizing and bonding the damping rubber column to the outer surface of the aluminum sleeve; the limit bushing is made of high-temperature alloy material GH4169.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，所述的限位衬套中空伸长轴内部设置有轴向通孔；中空伸长轴的壁厚为0.95～1.1mm。In the aforementioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, an axial through hole is arranged inside the hollow elongated shaft of the limiting bush; the wall thickness of the hollow elongated shaft is 0.95-1.1 mm.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，所述的限位垫片内孔设有锥度a，a为12-18°。In the aforementioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, the inner hole of the spacer is provided with a taper a, and a is 12-18°.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，所述阻尼柱粘接铝套的硫化工艺为：温度为140±5℃；压力为10～20MPa；时间为30～35min。In the aforementioned high-reliability combined shock absorber, the vulcanization process for bonding the damping column to the aluminum sleeve is as follows: the temperature is 140±5° C.; the pressure is 10-20 MPa; and the time is 30-35 minutes.
在上述的一种高可靠组合式减震器，其特征在于：所述高可靠组合式减震器隔振效率大于或等于70％。The above-mentioned high-reliability combined shock absorber is characterized in that: the vibration isolation efficiency of the high-reliability combined shock absorber is greater than or equal to 70%.
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)本发明的高阻尼高可靠性耐环境复合阻尼隔振结构兼具宽频带能量衰减和高频振动隔离的功能，隔振效率达70％以上，可以更有效地控制结构振动。(1) The high-damping, high-reliability, environment-resistant composite damping vibration-isolation structure of the present invention has the functions of broadband energy attenuation and high-frequency vibration isolation, and the vibration isolation efficiency reaches more than 70%, which can control structural vibration more effectively.
(2)本发明复合阻尼板设计了阻尼减振功能区和安装区，在实现高效阻尼减振的同时，满足安装及耐大量级动载荷可靠性要求；(2) The composite damping plate of the present invention is designed with a damping and vibration reduction function area and an installation area, while realizing high-efficiency damping and vibration reduction, it meets the reliability requirements of installation and resistance to large-scale dynamic loads;
(3)本发明阻尼器设计为组合式结构，并设计了阻尼柱粘接铝套，消除了阻尼柱与安装连接部位的相对位移，极大提高了阻尼器耐大量级振动、冲击、过载等动载荷的可靠性；(3) The damper of the present invention is designed as a combined structure, and the damping column is designed to bond the aluminum sleeve, which eliminates the relative displacement between the damping column and the installation connection part, and greatly improves the damper's resistance to large-scale vibration, impact, overload, etc. Dynamic load reliability;
(4)本发明阻尼器通过结构优化设计，在有限的空间内同时满足了阻尼减振及安装可靠性要求；(4) The damper of the present invention meets the requirements of damping and vibration reduction and installation reliability in a limited space through structural optimization design;
(5)本发明阻尼器金属限位垫片设计了一定锥度，减小了限位衬套扩充段根部的承载，并保证了阻尼器保持一体的紧密连接程度；(5) The metal spacer of the damper of the present invention is designed with a certain taper, which reduces the load on the root of the expansion section of the spacer bushing, and ensures that the damper maintains a tight connection degree;
(6)本发明复合阻尼板采用了基层铝板、粘弹性阻尼层和约束层钢板，在实现高效阻尼减振的同时，满足安装及耐大量级动载荷可靠性要求。(6) The composite damping plate of the present invention adopts the base aluminum plate, the viscoelastic damping layer and the constrained layer steel plate, while realizing high-efficiency damping and vibration reduction, it also meets the reliability requirements of installation and large-scale dynamic load resistance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1a为本发明高可靠组合式减震器结构正视图；Figure 1a is a front view of the structure of the high reliability combined shock absorber of the present invention;
图1b为本发明高可靠组合式减震器结构俯视图；Figure 1b is a top view of the structure of the high reliability combined shock absorber of the present invention;
图2为本发明复合阻尼板结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a composite damping plate of the present invention;
图3为本发明橡胶阻尼器结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of rubber damper of the present invention;
图4为本发明阻尼垫、阻尼柱粘接铝套、限位垫片和限位衬套剖面图。Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the damping pad, the damping column bonded aluminum sleeve, the spacer washer and the spacer bushing of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
如图1a所示为高可靠组合式减震器结构正视图，如图1b所示为高可靠组合式减震器结构俯视图，由图可知，一种高可靠组合式减震器，包括复合阻尼板1和橡胶阻尼器2；多个橡胶阻尼器2对称固定安装在复合阻尼板1上，一般固定安装在靠近复合阻尼板1的顶角处，实现对复合阻尼板1的平衡减震；复合阻尼板1固定安装在外部设备的外壁上。Figure 1a shows the front view of the high-reliability combined shock absorber structure, and Figure 1b shows the top view of the high-reliability combined shock absorber structure. It can be seen from the figure that a high-reliability combined shock absorber includes composite damping Plate 1 and rubber damper 2; a plurality of rubber dampers 2 are symmetrically fixed and installed on the composite damping plate 1, and are generally fixed and installed near the top corner of the composite damping plate 1 to achieve balanced shock absorption for the composite damping plate 1; composite The damping plate 1 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the external equipment.
如图2所示为复合阻尼板结构示意图，由图可知，复合阻尼板1包括基层铝板3、粘弹性阻尼层4和约束层钢板5；其中，基层铝板3位于最底部，粘弹性阻尼层4和约束层钢板5依次安装在基层铝板3的上表面。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite damping plate. It can be seen from the figure that the composite damping plate 1 includes the base aluminum plate 3, the viscoelastic damping layer 4 and the constrained layer steel plate 5; wherein the base aluminum plate 3 is located at the bottom, and the viscoelastic damping layer 4 and the constrained layer steel plate 5 are installed on the upper surface of the base aluminum plate 3 in sequence.
其中复合阻尼板的约束层钢板5材料为022Cr17Ni12Mo2，基层铝板3在磷酸阳极化后喷涂环氧酯底漆H06-2。Among them, the constrained layer steel plate 5 of the composite damping plate is made of 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, and the base aluminum plate 3 is sprayed with epoxy ester primer H06-2 after phosphoric acid anodization.
如图3所示为橡胶阻尼器结构示意图，由图可知，所述的橡胶阻尼器2为组合式中空结构，包括阻尼垫6、阻尼柱粘接铝套7、限位垫片8和限位衬套9；其中限位衬套9为倒置的T型结构，包括底座和中空伸长轴，中空伸长轴轴向垂直位于底座上端；限位衬套9位于最下端；按阻尼垫6、阻尼柱粘接铝套7、阻尼垫6的顺序，依次套装在限位衬套9中空伸长轴的外壁，固定在限位衬套9的底座上；在阻尼垫6的上端安装限位垫片8，实现对阻尼垫6、阻尼柱粘接铝套7的固定限位。As shown in Figure 3, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rubber damper. It can be seen from the figure that the rubber damper 2 is a combined hollow structure, including a damping pad 6, a damping column bonding aluminum sleeve 7, a spacer 8 and a spacer. Bushing 9; wherein the limit bushing 9 is an inverted T-shaped structure, including a base and a hollow elongated shaft, and the hollow elongated shaft is located at the upper end of the base vertically; the limit bushing 9 is located at the bottom end; press the damping pad 6, The order of bonding the damping column to the aluminum sleeve 7 and the damping pad 6 is set on the outer wall of the hollow elongated shaft of the limit bushing 9 in turn, and fixed on the base of the limit bushing 9; a limit pad is installed on the upper end of the damping pad 6 The sheet 8 realizes the fixed positioning of the damping pad 6 and the aluminum sleeve 7 bonded to the damping column.
如图4所示为阻尼垫、阻尼柱粘接铝套、限位垫片和限位衬套剖面图，由图可知，所述复合阻尼板1在安装橡胶阻尼器2的相应位置设置有通孔；橡胶阻尼器2的两个阻尼垫6分别与复合阻尼板1的上下表面接触；阻尼柱粘接铝套7与复合阻尼板1的通孔采用低温过盈装配工艺进行配合；过盈量为0.025～0.035mm；温度为-60～-80℃；保温2～2.5小时。As shown in Figure 4, it is a sectional view of the damping pad, the aluminum sleeve bonded to the damping column, the limit gasket and the limit bushing. holes; the two damping pads 6 of the rubber damper 2 are respectively in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the composite damping plate 1; the damping column is bonded to the aluminum sleeve 7 and the through hole of the composite damping plate 1 is matched by a low-temperature interference assembly process; the amount of interference 0.025 ~ 0.035mm; temperature -60 ~ -80 ℃; heat preservation 2 ~ 2.5 hours.
阻尼柱粘接铝套(7)由阻尼橡胶柱硫化粘接于铝套外表面形成；硫化工艺为：温度为140±5℃；压力为10～20MPa；时间为30～35min。The damping column is bonded to the aluminum sleeve (7) by vulcanizing and bonding the damping rubber column to the outer surface of the aluminum sleeve; the vulcanization process is as follows: temperature is 140±5°C; pressure is 10-20MPa; time is 30-35min.
限位衬套9材料为高温合金材料GH4169；的限位衬套9中空伸长轴内部设置有轴向通孔；中空伸长轴的壁厚为0.95～1.1mm。The material of the limit bush 9 is high temperature alloy material GH4169; the hollow elongated shaft of the limit bush 9 is provided with an axial through hole inside; the wall thickness of the hollow elongated shaft is 0.95-1.1 mm.
所述的限位垫片8内孔设有锥度a为12-18°的角度。The inner hole of the spacer 8 is provided with a taper a of 12-18°.
所述高可靠组合式减震器隔振效率大于或等于70％。The vibration isolation efficiency of the high reliability combined shock absorber is greater than or equal to 70%.
橡胶阻尼器2的制作流程为：首先根据复合阻尼板1的各安装孔尺寸配对加工铝套，将阻尼橡胶硫化成型粘接在铝套上得到一体式阻尼柱粘接铝套7；在此基础上，将阻尼柱粘接铝套7在低温-80～-60℃中保温2～2.5小时，取出后再按前述配对情况装配在复合阻尼板1四个支撑角的安装孔内，然后装配上、下两个阻尼垫6，并安装限位衬套9和限位垫片8，使限位垫片8正常搭接在限位衬套9上；将扩充杆放入限位垫片8的锥面内，施加扩充力使限位垫片8和限位衬套9发生一定的塑性变形而形成过盈配合，使两者紧密连接成为一体。The production process of the rubber damper 2 is as follows: firstly, the aluminum sleeve is matched and processed according to the size of each installation hole of the composite damping plate 1, and the damping rubber is vulcanized and bonded to the aluminum sleeve to obtain an integrated damping column bonding aluminum sleeve 7; on this basis First, keep the damping column bonded aluminum sleeve 7 at a low temperature of -80 to -60°C for 2 to 2.5 hours, take it out, and then assemble it in the mounting holes of the four support corners of the composite damping plate 1 according to the aforementioned matching conditions, and then assemble it , Lower the two damping pads 6, and install the limit bushing 9 and the limit washer 8, so that the limit washer 8 is normally lapped on the limit bushing 9; put the expansion rod into the limit washer 8 In the cone surface, the expansion force is applied to make the spacer 8 and the liner 9 plastically deform to a certain extent to form an interference fit, so that the two are tightly connected and integrated.
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属本领域技术人员的公知技术。The content that is not described in detail in the description of the present invention belongs to the well-known technology of those skilled in the art.
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