CN105846709A - Pulse high voltage generation circuit - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种脉冲高压发生电路，包括交流电压源、整流模块、倍压模块以及负载模块；所述交流电压源通过整流模块整流后对倍压模块进行充电，到达指定电压峰值后，对负载模块放电。本发明提供的脉冲高压发生电路中的晶闸管体积小控制方便，电路易于制作，且成本较低；通过改变不同晶闸管的状态，改变电解电容的连接关系，并能够通过增加倍压模块满足不同等级的电压需求，通用性较强，并且每个晶闸管所需承受的电压不超过电网电压的幅值，电路稳定性更好。
The invention provides a pulse high-voltage generating circuit, which includes an AC voltage source, a rectification module, a voltage doubler module and a load module; the AC voltage source charges the voltage doubler module after being rectified by the rectifier module, and after reaching a specified peak voltage, the The load module is discharged. The thyristors in the pulse high-voltage generating circuit provided by the present invention are small in size and easy to control, the circuit is easy to manufacture, and the cost is low; by changing the states of different thyristors, the connection relationship of electrolytic capacitors can be changed, and the voltage multiplier module can be added to meet requirements of different levels. Voltage requirements, strong versatility, and the voltage that each thyristor needs to withstand does not exceed the amplitude of the grid voltage, and the circuit stability is better.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力电子变换技术领域，具体地，涉及一种脉冲高压发生电路。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic conversion, in particular to a pulse high voltage generating circuit.
背景技术Background technique
易于实现高能化的高电压技术在污水处理过程中的应用已经相当成熟，在气水相间的混合系统中施加高压脉冲，气体产生电晕放电，电晕放电产生离子和高温的电子，电晕放电产生的臭氧对污水进行杀菌消毒，放电产生的紫外线对水滴起光化学处理的作用，它们的共同作用使得工业污水能够得到快速的净化。The application of high-voltage technology, which is easy to realize high-energy, has been quite mature in the process of sewage treatment. High-voltage pulses are applied in the mixed system between gas and water, and the gas generates corona discharge. Corona discharge generates ions and high-temperature electrons. Corona discharge The generated ozone sterilizes the sewage, and the ultraviolet light generated by the discharge acts as a photochemical treatment on the water droplets. Their joint action enables the rapid purification of industrial sewage.
传统的Marx脉冲高压发生电路电容并联充电，而后通过球隙的击穿实现电容串联放电，实现脉冲高压输出。这种方法能够产生高电压等级的脉冲电压，但由于球隙的体积较大必然装置的体积和质量较大，因此将这种装置在污水处理系统中广泛应用不太可能。The capacitors of the traditional Marx pulse high-voltage generating circuit are charged in parallel, and then the capacitors are discharged in series through the breakdown of the ball gap to realize the pulse high-voltage output. This method can generate pulse voltage of high voltage level, but due to the large volume of the ball gap, the volume and mass of the device must be large, so it is impossible to widely apply this device in the sewage treatment system.
Ju-Won Baek等利用IGBT串联设计得到了一个马克思型高压脉冲发生器，每级均由IGBT、功率二极管、电感和电容组成，实现了20kV/300A，脉宽为5微秒的瞬时脉冲输出。由于大电感较难绕制且的多级串联存在较多的技术难点，因此装置的制作较难；由于IGBT的价格较高，而要实现高压输出必须要串联较多倍压模块，导致装置的成本高，较难占据市场。Ju-Won Baek et al. used the IGBT series design to obtain a Marx-type high-voltage pulse generator. Each stage is composed of IGBT, power diodes, inductors and capacitors, realizing 20kV/300A and instantaneous pulse output with a pulse width of 5 microseconds. Because large inductors are difficult to wind and there are many technical difficulties in multi-stage series connection, the production of the device is difficult; due to the high price of IGBTs, and to achieve high-voltage output, it is necessary to connect more voltage doubler modules in series, resulting in the device's The cost is high and it is difficult to occupy the market.
2013年电机工程学报的[快速晶闸管在纳秒脉冲高压发生器中的应用分析]这篇文章，通过直流电源给脉冲变压器T的原边串联电容C1充电，然后原边电容C1通过晶闸管SCR的导通形成新的回路，对脉冲变压器原边绕组放电，通过电磁耦合在副边电容C2上产生一个振荡高压。这种电路能够产生纳秒级的脉冲高压，但是由于用到了变压器导致体积较大，且需要考虑铁芯磁饱和等问题。In the article [Application Analysis of Fast Thyristors in Nanosecond Pulse High Voltage Generators] published in the Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering in 2013, the primary side series capacitor C1 of the pulse transformer T is charged through a DC power supply, and then the primary side capacitor C1 passes through the conduction of the thyristor SCR. By forming a new loop, the primary winding of the pulse transformer is discharged, and an oscillating high voltage is generated on the secondary capacitor C2 through electromagnetic coupling. This kind of circuit can generate nanosecond-level pulse high voltage, but because of the use of transformers, the volume is relatively large, and problems such as magnetic saturation of the iron core need to be considered.
综合以上，对脉冲高压发生电路现有电路结构的分析发现，目前阶段仍然需要推出可模块化、体积小、价格低的新型整流电路，如今晶闸管的制作工艺已经相对成熟，控制简单且价格也较为低廉，将晶闸管运用到脉冲高压发生电路中便于制作和控制，且能够降低装置的成本，使其能够较为广泛的普及。Based on the above, the analysis of the existing circuit structure of the pulsed high-voltage generating circuit found that at the current stage, it is still necessary to introduce a new type of rectifier circuit that can be modularized, small in size, and low in price. Today, the manufacturing process of thyristors is relatively mature, and the control is simple and the price is relatively high. It is cheap, and it is easy to manufacture and control when using the thyristor in the pulse high-voltage generating circuit, and can reduce the cost of the device, so that it can be widely popularized.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种脉冲高压发生电路。Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a pulse high voltage generating circuit.
根据本发明提供的脉冲高压发生电路，包括交流电压源、整流模块、倍压模块以及负载模块；所述交流电压源通过整流模块整流后对倍压模块进行充电，到达指定电压峰值后，对负载模块放电。The pulse high voltage generation circuit provided according to the present invention includes an AC voltage source, a rectification module, a voltage doubler module and a load module; the AC voltage source charges the voltage doubler module after being rectified by the rectifier module, and after reaching a specified peak voltage, the load is charged The module discharges.
优选地，所述整流模块包括四个功率二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4，交流电压源的一端分别连接至二极管D1的正极、二极管D2的负极，所述交流电压源的另一端分别连接至二极管D3的正极、二极管D4的负极，且所述二极管D1、二极管D3的负极相连构成整流模块的正输出端并连接至倍压模块的正充电端；所述二极管D2、二极管D4的正极相连构成整流模块的负输出端并连接至倍压模块的负充电端。Preferably, the rectifier module includes four power diodes D1, diode D2, diode D3, and diode D4, one end of the AC voltage source is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the cathode of the diode D2, and the other end of the AC voltage source is respectively Connected to the positive pole of the diode D3 and the negative pole of the diode D4, and the negative poles of the diode D1 and the diode D3 are connected to form the positive output terminal of the rectifier module and connected to the positive charging terminal of the voltage doubler module; the positive poles of the diode D2 and the diode D4 connected to form the negative output terminal of the rectifier module and connected to the negative charging terminal of the voltage doubler module.
优选地，所述倍压模块包括：若干个依次串联的倍压单元；Preferably, the voltage doubling module includes: several voltage doubling units connected in series;
所述倍压单元包括：电容、第一晶闸管、第二晶闸管、第三晶闸管，电容的正极分别连接至第一晶闸管、第三晶闸管的正极并构成倍压单元的正充电端；电容的负极连接至第一晶闸管的负极并构成倍压单元的负充电端；所述第一晶闸管的正极构成倍压单元的第一输出端；所述第三晶闸管的正极构成倍压单元的第二输出端。The voltage doubling unit includes: a capacitor, a first thyristor, a second thyristor, and a third thyristor, and the positive poles of the capacitors are respectively connected to the positive poles of the first thyristor and the third thyristor to constitute the positive charging end of the voltage doubling unit; the negative pole of the capacitor is connected to To the negative pole of the first thyristor and constitute the negative charging end of the voltage doubler unit; the positive pole of the first thyristor constitutes the first output end of the voltage doubler unit; the positive pole of the third thyristor constitutes the second output end of the voltage doubler unit.
优选地，多个倍压单元依次串联构成倍压模块，即上一级倍压单元的第一输出端连接下一级倍压单元的正充电端，上一级倍压单元的第二输出端连接下一级倍压单元的负充电端；Preferably, a plurality of voltage doubling units are serially connected in series to form a voltage doubling module, that is, the first output terminal of the upper-stage voltage doubling unit is connected to the positive charging terminal of the next-stage voltage doubling unit, and the second output end of the upper-stage voltage doubling unit Connect to the negative charging terminal of the next-stage voltage doubler unit;
其中，末级倍压单元，包括：末级电容，所述末级电容的正极连接至上一级上一级倍压单元的第一输出端和连接至负载模块的一端，所述末级电容的负极连接至上一级倍压单元的第二输出端，负载模块的另一端连接至初级倍压模块的负充电端。Wherein, the final-stage voltage doubler unit includes: a final-stage capacitor, the positive pole of the final-stage capacitor is connected to the first output end of the upper-stage upper-stage voltage doubler unit and one end connected to the load module, and the anode of the final-stage capacitor is The negative pole is connected to the second output terminal of the upper stage voltage doubler unit, and the other end of the load module is connected to the negative charging terminal of the primary voltage doubler module.
优选地，当电容处于充电状态时，倍压模块中的各个第三晶闸管处于截止状态，且各个第一晶闸管、第二晶闸管处于导通状态，倍压模块中的电容呈并联关系，交流电压源给倍压模块中的电容充电；Preferably, when the capacitor is in the charging state, each third thyristor in the voltage doubler module is in an off state, and each first thyristor and second thyristor are in a conduction state, the capacitors in the voltage doubler module are connected in parallel, and the AC voltage source Charge the capacitor in the voltage doubler module;
当电容处于放电状态时，倍压模块中的各个第三晶闸管处于导通状态，且各个第一晶闸管、第二晶闸管处于截止状态，倍压模块中的电容呈串联关系，倍压模块中的电容给负载模块提供脉冲高压。When the capacitor is in the discharge state, each third thyristor in the voltage doubling module is in the on state, and each of the first thyristor and the second thyristor is in the off state, the capacitors in the voltage doubling module are in a series relationship, and the capacitors in the voltage doubling module Provide pulse high voltage to the load module.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明提供的脉冲高压发生电路中的晶闸管体积小控制方便，电路易于制作，且成本较低；通过改变不同晶闸管的状态，改变电解电容的连接关系，整体电路结构紧凑，易于模块化加工。1. The thyristors in the pulse high-voltage generating circuit provided by the present invention are small in size and easy to control, the circuit is easy to manufacture, and the cost is low; by changing the state of different thyristors and changing the connection relationship of electrolytic capacitors, the overall circuit structure is compact and easy to be modularized. .
2、本发明提供的脉冲高压发生电路能够通过增加倍压模块满足不同等级的电压需求，通用性较强，并且每个晶闸管所需承受的电压不超过电网电压的幅值，电路稳定性更好。2. The pulse high-voltage generating circuit provided by the present invention can meet different levels of voltage requirements by adding voltage doubling modules, and has strong versatility, and the voltage required by each thyristor does not exceed the amplitude of the grid voltage, and the circuit stability is better .
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为三级脉冲高压发生电路结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-stage pulse high-voltage generating circuit;
图2为n级脉冲高压发生电路结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an n-level pulse high voltage generating circuit.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
根据本发明提供的脉冲高压发生电路，包括：交流电压源、整流模块、倍压模块以及负载模块；所述交流电压源通过整流模块整流后对倍压模块进行充电，到达指定电压峰值后，对负载模块放电。The pulse high voltage generation circuit provided according to the present invention includes: an AC voltage source, a rectification module, a voltage doubler module and a load module; the AC voltage source charges the voltage doubler module after being rectified by the rectifier module, and after reaching a specified peak voltage, the The load module is discharged.
所述整流模块包括四个功率二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4，交流电压源的一端分别连接至二极管D1的正极、二极管D2的负极，所述交流电压源的另一端分别连接至二极管D3的正极、二极管D4的负极，且所述二极管D1、二极管D3的负极相连构成整流模块的正输出端并连接至倍压模块的正充电端；所述二极管D2、二极管D4的正极相连构成整流模块的负输出端并连接至倍压模块的负充电端。The rectifier module includes four power diodes D1, diode D2, diode D3, and diode D4. One end of the AC voltage source is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2, and the other end of the AC voltage source is respectively connected to the diode The positive pole of D3, the negative pole of diode D4, and the negative poles of the diode D1 and the diode D3 are connected to form the positive output terminal of the rectifier module and connected to the positive charging terminal of the voltage doubler module; the positive poles of the diode D2 and the diode D4 are connected to form a rectifier The negative output terminal of the module is connected to the negative charging terminal of the voltage doubler module.
所述倍压模块包括：若干个依次串联的倍压单元；The voltage doubling module includes: several voltage doubling units connected in series;
所述倍压单元包括：电容(如图1中的C1)、第一晶闸管(如图1中的TY1)、第二晶闸管(如图1中的TY3)、第三晶闸管(如图1中的TY5)，电容的正极分别连接至第一晶闸管、第三晶闸管的正极并构成倍压单元的正充电端；电容的负极连接至第一晶闸管的负极并构成倍压单元的负充电端；所述第一晶闸管的正极构成倍压单元的第一输出端；所述第三晶闸管的正极构成倍压单元的第二输出端。The voltage doubling unit includes: a capacitor (as shown in C1 in Figure 1), a first thyristor (as shown in Figure 1 TY1), a second thyristor (as shown in Figure 1 TY3), a third thyristor (as shown in Figure 1 TY5), the positive pole of the capacitor is respectively connected to the positive pole of the first thyristor and the third thyristor and constitutes the positive charging end of the voltage doubler unit; the negative pole of the capacitor is connected to the negative pole of the first thyristor and constitutes the negative charging end of the voltage doubler unit; The anode of the first thyristor constitutes the first output end of the voltage doubling unit; the anode of the third thyristor constitutes the second output end of the voltage doubling unit.
多个倍压单元依次串联构成倍压模块，即上一级倍压单元的第一输出端连接下一级倍压单元的正充电端，上一级倍压单元的第二输出端连接下一级倍压单元的负充电端；Multiple voltage doubling units are connected in series to form a voltage doubling module, that is, the first output terminal of the upper-level voltage doubling unit is connected to the positive charging terminal of the next-level voltage doubling unit, and the second output terminal of the upper-level voltage doubling unit is connected to the next The negative charging terminal of the stage voltage doubler unit;
其中，末级倍压单元，包括：末级电容，所述末级电容的正极连接至上一级上一级倍压单元的第一输出端和连接至负载模块的一端，所述末级电容的负极连接至上一级倍压单元的第二输出端，负载模块的另一端连接至初级倍压模块的负充电端。Wherein, the final-stage voltage doubler unit includes: a final-stage capacitor, the positive pole of the final-stage capacitor is connected to the first output end of the upper-stage upper-stage voltage doubler unit and one end connected to the load module, and the anode of the final-stage capacitor is The negative pole is connected to the second output terminal of the upper stage voltage doubler unit, and the other end of the load module is connected to the negative charging terminal of the primary voltage doubler module.
当电容处于充电状态时，倍压模块中的各个第三晶闸管处于截止状态，且各个第一晶闸管、第二晶闸管处于导通状态，倍压模块中的电容呈并联关系，交流电压源给倍压模块中的电容充电；When the capacitor is in the charging state, each third thyristor in the voltage doubler module is in the cut-off state, and each first thyristor and second thyristor are in the conduction state, the capacitors in the voltage doubler module are connected in parallel, and the AC voltage source gives the voltage doubler Capacitor charging in the module;
当电容处于放电状态时，倍压模块中的各个第三晶闸管处于导通状态，且各个第一晶闸管、第二晶闸管处于截止状态，倍压模块中的电容呈串联关系，倍压模块中的电容给负载模块提供脉冲高压。When the capacitor is in the discharge state, each third thyristor in the voltage doubling module is in the on state, and each of the first thyristor and the second thyristor is in the off state, the capacitors in the voltage doubling module are in a series relationship, and the capacitors in the voltage doubling module Provide pulse high voltage to the load module.
具体地，如图1所示，图中的脉冲高压发生电路，包括功率二极管D1～D4、晶闸管TY1～TY7、电解电容C1～C3、负载电阻RL，其中：Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the pulse high voltage generating circuit in the figure includes power diodes D1-D4, thyristors TY1-TY7, electrolytic capacitors C1-C3, and load resistor RL, where:
功率二极管D1的负极与功率二极管D3的负极相连后，形成直流回路正极，并与晶闸管TY1和TY5的正极、电解电容C1的正极相连；After the negative pole of the power diode D1 is connected with the negative pole of the power diode D3, the positive pole of the DC circuit is formed, and is connected with the positive poles of the thyristors TY1 and TY5, and the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C1;
功率二极管D2的正极与功率二极管D4的正极相连后，形成直流回路负极，并与晶闸管TY3的负极、负载电阻的一端、电解电容C1负极相连；After the positive pole of the power diode D2 is connected with the positive pole of the power diode D4, a negative pole of the DC circuit is formed, and is connected with the negative pole of the thyristor TY3, one end of the load resistance, and the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C1;
晶闸管TY1的负极与电解电容C2的正极、晶闸管TY2和TY6的正极相连；The negative pole of the thyristor TY1 is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C2, and the positive poles of the thyristors TY2 and TY6;
晶闸管TY3的正极与晶闸管TY5的负极、电解电容C2的负极、晶闸管TY4的负极相连；The positive pole of the thyristor TY3 is connected with the negative pole of the thyristor TY5, the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C2, and the negative pole of the thyristor TY4;
晶闸管TY2的负极与晶闸管TY7的正极、电解电容C3的正极、负载电阻RL的另一端相连；The negative pole of the thyristor TY2 is connected to the positive pole of the thyristor TY7, the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C3, and the other end of the load resistor RL;
晶闸管TY4的正极与、晶闸管TY6的负极、电解电容C3的负极相连。The positive pole of the thyristor TY4 is connected with the negative pole of the thyristor TY6 and the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C3.
本实例中上述各个元器件的选型：The selection of the above components in this example:
供电电源：单相交流电源220V；Power supply: single-phase AC power supply 220V;
负载功率：2.5kW，Load power: 2.5kW,
功率二极管(D1～D4)：600V，25A/100℃，D1—D4构成单相二极管整流桥；Power diodes (D1-D4): 600V, 25A/100℃, D1-D4 form a single-phase diode rectifier bridge;
电解电容(C1～C3)：400V，3300μF，插件，用于储能与倍压；Electrolytic capacitor (C1～C3): 400V, 3300μF, plug-in, used for energy storage and voltage doubling;
晶闸管(TY1～TY7)：600V，25A/100℃，用于控制电解电容C1～C3充电储能和脉冲高压输出的电路切换；Thyristors (TY1~TY7): 600V, 25A/100℃, used to control the circuit switching of electrolytic capacitors C1~C3 charging energy storage and pulse high voltage output;
负载电阻(RL)：100kΩ/100℃，10W，放电时，负载电阻RL与电解电容C1～C3形成串联回路，获得脉冲高压输入以及消耗电路中储存的能量；Load resistance (RL): 100kΩ/100°C, 10W, when discharging, the load resistance RL and electrolytic capacitors C1~C3 form a series circuit to obtain pulse high voltage input and consume the energy stored in the circuit;
所述四个功率二极管D1～D4构成整流桥，整个电路具体工作时：The four power diodes D1-D4 form a rectifier bridge, and when the whole circuit works specifically:
单相交流电源接通后，开通晶闸管TY1～TY4，功率二极管D1～D4构成的整流桥对电解电容C1～C3整流充电，当电解电容C1～C3的电压上升至网压峰值时，充电完成后流过晶闸管TY1～TY4的电流降为零，晶闸管关断；开通晶闸管TY5～TY7，电解电容C1、晶闸管TY5、电解电容C2、晶闸管TY6、电解电容C3、晶闸管TY7形成串联，给负载电阻RL提供三倍于输入电压峰值的脉冲高压。After the single-phase AC power supply is connected, the thyristors TY1~TY4 are turned on, and the rectifier bridge composed of power diodes D1~D4 rectifies and charges the electrolytic capacitors C1~C3. When the voltage of the electrolytic capacitors C1~C3 rises to the peak value of the network voltage, after charging is completed The current flowing through the thyristors TY1~TY4 drops to zero, and the thyristors are turned off; when the thyristors TY5~TY7 are turned on, the electrolytic capacitor C1, the thyristor TY5, the electrolytic capacitor C2, the thyristor TY6, the electrolytic capacitor C3, and the thyristor TY7 form a series connection to provide load resistance RL. Pulse high voltage three times the peak value of the input voltage.
n级脉冲高压发生电路的工作原理与三级脉冲高压发生电路的工作原理基本一致。The working principle of the n-level pulse high-voltage generating circuit is basically the same as that of the three-level pulse high-voltage generating circuit.
本发明可以应用于电除尘设备，臭氧发生器等一系列需要脉冲高压的领域，能够同时实现单相整流和脉冲高压输出的功能，具有晶闸管所需承受的电压低、控制简单、价格低、可生成高幅值脉冲电压等优点。The invention can be applied to a series of fields that require pulsed high voltage, such as electric dust removal equipment, ozone generator, etc., and can realize the functions of single-phase rectification and pulsed high voltage output at the same time, and has the advantages of low voltage for thyristors, simple control, low price, and Generate high-amplitude pulse voltage and other advantages.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. In the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.
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