CN105840338B

CN105840338B - Controlled elasticity internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN105840338B
Application number: CN201610293829.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈光明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-05-06
Filing date: 2016-05-06
Publication date: 2018-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-06
Also published as: CN105840338A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of controlled elasticity internal combustion engine, equipped with for installing the perforative plunger hole of plunger in cylinder head, one end of the plunger is stretched into the plunger hole, and the other end is stretched out on the outside of the plunger hole and end is equipped with step-like return spring seat；The outer sheath that the plunger stretches out one end of the plunger hole is equipped with the return spring being against on the inside of the return spring seat.The present invention is conducive to variable compression ratio and the arrangement of magnet using the chamber structure of similar n-type；The present invention is suitable for higher compression ratios and conflagration, and the maximum temperature of also controllable combustion chamber effectively controls the generation of nitrogen oxides；The plunger of variable compression ratio can be used to install atomizer and spark plug, when installing spark plug, coordinate higher compression ratio, reduce the time of flame propagation, shorten combustion process.

Description

Controlled elasticity internal combustion engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of internal combustion engine more particularly to a kind of controlled elasticity internal combustion engines.

Background technology

Existing reciprocating-piston quartastroke engine is widely used among traffic life, is typically divided into gasoline engine and bavin Oil machine, IC engine airframe include valve timing part inlet and exhaust valve, valve spring, valve rocker (or hydraulic tappet) rocker arm shaft, Camshaft, timing gears, Timing Belt (or timing chain), timing cover shell, timing stretcher and tensioning wheel etc.；Power-conversion is defeated Going out part includes cylinder cap, cylinder body, cylinder sleeve, piston, piston ring, piston pin, connecting rod, the connecting-rod bearing, bent axle, crankshaft bearing etc.；It is close Envelope part include valve-chamber cover, cavaera Cover Gasket, valve oil seal, camshaft seal, head gasket, bent axle front and rear oil seals, oil sump, Oil sump pad etc..Slave part is included by gas handling system, exhaust system, oil supply system, cooling system, lubricating system, automatically controlled system System etc..

Chinese patent 201410204117.1 discloses a kind of combination relief piston, including cylinder, outer piston, pressure regulation bullet Spring, inner carrier, piston pin, clamp spring and connecting rod；Its position and connection relation are：Outer piston is provided in cylinder, along cylinder Center line, outer piston, pressure spring, inner carrier, piston pin and connecting rod are sequentially connected；In the following setting of the inner wall of outer piston There is clamp spring.Chinese patent 201410740603.5 discloses a kind of combination pressure regulation based on elastic noise reduction impact resistance head gasket and lives Plug is that a head gasket with elastic noise reduction impact resistance is set on the basis of said combination relief piston to substitute original There is head gasket.

Above-mentioned patent there are the problem of it is as follows：

1. there are a common defects in above-mentioned two patent：The elasticity of pressure spring is existed with certain steady state value, adjusts model Limit is with, performance is bad, it is made can not play due effect.

2. the working environment of elastic noise reduction impact resistance head gasket placement is severe, outer piston and elastic noise reduction impact resistance head gasket There are problems that contact-impact, indoor high temperature and the high-frequency collision of burning influence the service life of Elastic Steel pawl and collision is made an uproar Relief piston existing pressure regulation problem jointly is gone back and combined to sound.

3. combustion-chamber shape and valve distribution mode in cylinder head are unfavorable for magnetosphere distribution and variable compression ratio structure Arrangement application.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of controlled elasticity internal combustion engine for overcoming drawbacks described above.

The technical solution that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：Controlled elasticity internal combustion engine, cylinder head are equipped with variable Compression ratio structured：Equipped with for installing the perforative plunger hole of plunger in cylinder head, the plunger is stretched into one end of the plunger In hole, the other end is stretched out on the outside of the plunger hole and end is equipped with step-like return spring seat；The plunger stretches out the column The outer sheath of one end of consent is equipped with the return spring being against on the inside of the return spring seat；

The plunger hole is equipped at least one sealing element with the inner wall of the plunger contact or the plunger；

The outside of the return spring seat is equipped with eccentric shaft, and eccentric shaft is equipped with gear and position sensor, the gear It is equipped with coupling electric machine；

The return spring seat is equipped with the phase slots with the cooperation of eccentric wheel outer rim.

Further scheme as above-mentioned technical proposal：The combustion chamber of cylinder head is in the shape of similar n-type, the cylinder head Including the air inlet side being bolted and exhaust side two parts, two-part structure shape can be symmetrical or identical, also can be asymmetric It is or identical；Inlet valve and exhaust valve are flatly arranged symmetrically in size, the number of the both sides of combustion chamber, the inlet valve and exhaust valve All same is measured, admission cam shaft and exhaust cam shaft are correspondingly horizontally set on the both sides of combustion chamber.

Further scheme as above-mentioned technical proposal：The plunger is that circular or both ends are the similar of arc with plunger hole Rectangular shape.

Based on above-mentioned technical proposal, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is favourable using the chamber structure of similar n-type In variable compression ratio and the arrangement of magnet；The present invention is suitable for higher compression ratios and conflagration, and also controllable combustion chamber is most High-temperature effectively controls the generation of nitrogen oxides；The plunger of variable compression ratio can be used to install atomizer and spark plug, install During spark plug, to coordinate higher compression ratio, reduce the time of flame propagation, shorten combustion process.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is another structure diagram of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of spring steel plate；

Fig. 4 is cylinder head sectional view；

Fig. 5 is the end view drawing of cylinder head；

Fig. 6 is along the sectional view of line A-A in Fig. 5；

Fig. 7 is along another sectional view of line A-A in Fig. 5；

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of return spring seat and eccentric wheel tread.

In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals is as follows：

1. cylinder head, 2. combustion chambers, 3. water channel holes, 4. inlet valves, 5. eccentric wheels, 6. return spring seats, 7. return springs, 8. sealing element, 9. plungers, 10. phase slots, 11. mounting holes, 12. air intake ducts, 13. admission cam shafts, 14. exhaust valves, 15. exhausts Camshaft, 16. exhaust ducts, 17. second magnets, 18. first permanent magnets, 19. coils, 20. head gaskets, 21. cylinders, 22. is living outside Plug, 23. pressure springs, 24. inner carriers, 25. piston pins, 26. clamp springs, 27. connecting rods, 28. air bleeding valves, 29. intake valves, 201. bullets Property steel plate, 203. Elastic Steel pawls, 202. circular holes.

Specific embodiment

The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is exactly to overcome the problems, such as pressure spring elastically regulating and controlling and improve elastic noise reduction impact resistance cylinder Scheme and a kind of succinct variable compression ratio structure of the pad with outer piston contact-impact；The it is proposed of internal combustion engine corresponding portion is changed Into providing a kind of controlled elasticity internal combustion engine.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of controlled elasticity internal combustion engine proposed by the present invention, including cylinder 21, outer piston 22, pressure regulation Spring 23, inner carrier 24, piston pin 25, clamp spring 26 and connecting rod 27；Its position and connection relation are：It is provided in cylinder 21 outer Piston 22, along the center line of cylinder 21, outer piston 22, pressure spring 23, inner carrier 24, piston pin 25 and connecting rod 27 connect successively It connects；The following of inner wall of outer piston 22 is provided with clamp spring 26；Internal combustion engine is equipped with to adjust the air pressure tune of air pressure in crankcase Section system；Pressure spring seat and piston boss in inner carrier 24 are an entirety, can rationally utilize space, make structure tighter It gathers；Clamp spring 26 is circular collar, and inside is provided with waveform elastic gasket, and the circular collar is mounted in outer piston 22.

Internal combustion engine is equipped with to adjust the pressure regulation system of air pressure in crankcase.Pressure regulation system is included containing check valve Inflating pump, air accumulator, safety valve, several tracheaes, automatically controlled intake valve 29, electric control exhaust valve 28, two pressure sensors, bent axles Case and control computer connecting wires road etc.；Crankcase is to include valve-chamber cover, cylinder head, cylinder block, oil sump, gasket, oil sealing With the separate space of other related components composition；The wherein parts such as valve-chamber cover, oil sump, gasket and oil sealing needs are held By higher air pressure, mechanical strength and pressure-resistant degree to related components need to be suitably modified, to meet new structure Job requirement；

Another building mode of crankcase：The gentle lubricating cylinders connected component of cylinder head is distinguished, mutually not It is relevant, establish independent lubricating system in cylinder head, the space beyond cylinder head independent sector is crankcase.

Inflating pump establishes air pressure, and passes through tracheae and be connected to air accumulator, and pressure sensor and safety are equipped in air accumulator Valve, the minimum position of air accumulator with tracheae connection intake valve 29 (notice that intake valve is unable to ponding, ponding get rusty easily hair fastener failure), Intake valve 29 connects crankcase, is equipped with pressure sensor in crankcase, and the crankcase air valve 28 that runs in is connected to internal combustion by tracheae again Machine air inlet pipe.

Another building mode of pressure regulation system：The inflating pump is connected with crankcase, and pressure is equipped in crankcase Sensor, the crankcase connects air bleeding valve 28, by the way that the operating of inflating pump and the opening of air bleeding valve 28 is controlled to can control The air pressure change of crankcase, it is simple in structure, it is small.

Pressure regulation system works according to principle of mobile equilibrium, and the dynamic equilibrium refers to：Pressure regulation is combined in equipment (illustrate in piston IC engine by taking in-line four cylinder internal combustion engine as an example), when crankshaft operation works, the operating condition of interior outer piston possesses Following features：One cylinder is equal to four cylinders, and two cylinder is equal to three cylinders, and each the cylinder piston and the bent axle power arm formed are equal always, and bent axle Case volume remains unchanged；Compressed air is filled into crankcase, four pistons are subject to (to combustion chamber direction) equal pressure in the same direction, Bent axle will not operate, in internal combustion engine operation process, if the gases at high pressure promotion that certain cylinder outer piston is burned room is broken This equilibrant force, then just have corresponding piston using equilibrant force (pressurization force difference) to do work；It can be seen that in combustion chamber Portion's temperature and pressure can be adjusted according to the air pressure in crankcase, and combination relief piston, can after pressure regulation system is used To cancel pressure spring, due to being related to the configuration of inflating pump, leakage, damage and the /V problem of outer piston, pressure spring Still continue and use, as long as the elastic force of pressure spring meets normal startup and the low speed that crankcase can guarantee internal combustion engine under normal pressure Traveling.

The head gasket 20 of flexible noise reduction impact resistance is set between cylinder head 1 and cylinder 21；The head gasket 20 includes Spring steel plate 201, Elastic Steel pawl 203；As shown in figure 3, the middle part of spring steel plate 201 is provided with circular hole 202, in circular hole 202 Periphery symmetrically be provided with Elastic Steel pawl 203；The thickness of the spring steel plate 201 is more than the thickness of Elastic Steel pawl 203, Purpose is to occur the phenomenon that 201 stress deformation of spring steel plate causes poor sealing in order to prevent, can reduce head gasket 20 and outer work Plug 22 during the work time existing temperature distortion contact-impact the problem of；Elastic Steel pawl 203 be angular shape, can reduce by Hot area enhances thermal stability, can prolong the service life, collision noise is also reduced.

The outer piston top surface is equipped with the first permanent magnet 18, and 1 inside of cylinder head is equipped with and 18 same sex of the first permanent magnet The second magnet 17 to repel each other, second magnet 17 are connected to coil 19；By the size of current of control coil 19, the is adjusted The magnetic strength degree of two magnets 17, solving compression stroke and exhaust stroke and rotation speed change influences the motion state of outer piston The problem of.

Due to the magnetic principles using magnetic and electromagnetism, in cylinder head and outer piston will magnetisable material, arrange on outer piston Magnetisable material is relatively easy to, and needs to arrange that valve can be smaller using space in cylinder head, the combustion chamber of two valves and three valve is all Segment space arrangement magnetic material can be vacateed；Since the magnetism of magnetic material is affected by temperature, during selection, it is preferable to use Curie's temperature Higher, the magnetic preferable material of degree, and appropriate provision for thermal insulation is taken, such as reduce heating surface area, polishing throwing is carried out to heating surface Light processing is thermally insulated heating surface, and carries out cooling measure as much as possible in manufacturing process.

In order to expand the arrangement space of magnetisable material and provide the placement scheme of a variable compression ratio, such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5 Shown, in class n-type, the cylinder head 1 includes the air inlet side being bolted and exhaust side for the combustion chamber 2 of the cylinder head 1 Two parts, two-part structure shape can be symmetrical or identical, also can be asymmetric or identical；Inlet valve 4 and exhaust valve 14 are flatly right Claim the both sides for being arranged in combustion chamber 2, air intake duct 12 and exhaust duct 16 are respectively disposed in the both sides of combustion chamber 2, the inlet valve 4 Size, quantity all same with exhaust valve 14, admission cam shaft 13 and exhaust cam shaft 15 are correspondingly horizontally set on combustion chamber 2 Both sides, Fig. 6 is the situation of the single inlet and exhaust valve in combustion chamber 2, and Fig. 7 is the situation of double inlet and exhaust valves.

As shown in figure 4, the top of the combustion chamber 2 is equipped with to install the perforative plunger hole of plunger 9, the plunger 9 One end stretch into the plunger hole, the other end is stretched out on the outside of the plunger hole and end is equipped with step-like return spring seat 6； The outer sheath that the plunger 9 stretches out one end of the plunger hole is equipped with the return spring 7 for being against 6 inside of return spring seat.

The inner wall or plunger that the plunger hole is contacted with the plunger 9 are equipped at least one sealing element 8.

The outside of the return spring seat 6 is equipped with eccentric shaft, and eccentric shaft is equipped with eccentric wheel 5 and position sensor, inclined Coupling electric machine, computer control motor driving eccentric shaft operating are equipped in the eccentric wheel 5 of mandrel, while plunger 9 is controlled to move, so as to Realize the purpose of adjusting control compression ratio.

The return spring seat 6 is equipped with the phase slots 10 with the cooperation of 5 outer rim of eccentric wheel, and the phase slots 10 can be symmetrically There are two if, as shown in Figure 8.

The mounting hole 11 of installation atomizer and spark plug is may further be used on the return spring seat 6 of the plunger 9, in installation fire During flower plug, influence of the moving state of plunger 9 to flame propagation process is considered.

The plunger 9 is similar rectangular shape circular or that both ends are arc with plunger hole, and concrete shape is according to burning The quantity of valve is arranged in room 2 to determine.

The water channel hole 3 for being surrounded by multiple arcs of the combustion chamber 2.

Due to the improvement of structure, several methods for contributing to combustion in IC engine below：The wall of admission line and discharge duct Face smoothness (especially cylinder head portion), the smoothness of admission line influence intake air temperature and volumetric efficiency, discharge duct Smoothness, influence cooling system；Exhaust gas in scheme for exhaust gas circulation system (EGR) takes pressure cooling to be conducive to aeration quantity and tail gas Discharge；Appropriate gasoline is mixed in diesel oil, oil atomizing may be promoted, speed burning velocity, reduces the growing amount of soot；Gasoline In mix appropriate diesel oil, compression ratio required during gasoline compression ignition may be reduced.

The design of combination relief piston can not improve the thermal efficiency, and burning indoor fuel gas can only be adjusted in limited range Temperature and pressure, after pressure regulation system is additionally arranged, adjustable range and performance are significantly improved, can be in most of situation It is lower to realize approximate isobaric burning.With the development of electronic control injection technology, theoretically analyze gasoline engine and can be achieved on compression ignition , be compression ratio problem first, the compression ignition condition of gasoline can be reached by improving compression ratio, can also by preheated air, supercharging, The methods of mixing diesel oil realizes low compression ratio compression ignition gasoline；The followed by control of combustion process, light type gasoline engine be usually with The arcing point of spark plug be beginning burning point, burnt in a manner of flame propagation, compression ignition type gasoline engine using oil spout starting point as beginning burning point, Using injection process as combustion process, the beginning burning point and combustion process of compression ignition type gasoline engine may be with some difference of diesel engine：Stagnant combustion Shortening, combustion process are shorter.High-pressure concentrator in the cylinder used at present is usually controlled with injection pressure and fuel injection pulsewidth Oil spout, compression ignition type gasoline engine can increase the function of oil spout metering-orifice adjusting, more adapt to the demand of gasoline engine compression ignition.

The method for solving the problems, such as gasoline compression ignition：

1. controlling combustion process, the maximum temperature and pressure that are generated during burning is made to remain at the work needed for internal combustion engine In the range of work；Followed by using the preferable fuel of anti-knock properties, the method for mixing different substances together diesel oil can also be taken, extends combustion process；

2. using " combination relief piston " with reference to pressure regulation system, controlled using the pressure change of pressure regulation system The moving situation of outer piston processed realizes the adjusting control to combustion chamber maximum pressure and temperature, and outer piston quality is smaller, modulability It can be better, if it is possible to realize acyclic sealing, the quality of outer piston can be reduced, the EGR retarded combustions of big flow can also be used Speed and reduction combustion pressure.

The compression ignition technology of diesel oil is highly developed, removable in diesel oil to convert appropriate gasoline improvement mist due to the improvement of structure Change performance, shorten firing duration, reduce heat transfer loss, improve the thermal efficiency, reduce discharge and the oxynitrides of soot Generation.

Following several combustion modes are mainly for the burning of gasoline：

" the combination relief piston " of pressure regulation system is added, in order to reduce heat loss, it is necessary to shorten combustion process, but Unsuitable too short, the range of speeds is similar with gasoline engine；Suitable for lighting and compression ignition, pressure-variable is formed with variable compressive specific binding energy Point reduction is fired and variable compressive compression ignition.

" the combination relief piston based on elastic noise reduction impact resistance head gasket " of pressure regulation system is added, torque is big, Suitable for shorter combustion process, since reasons in structure is not suitable for running at high speed, if by the way of electromagnetic combination, rotating speed can Appropriateness improves.Available for lighting and compression ignition, form variable compressive with pressure-variable compression specific binding energy and light and fractional combustion.

Wherein light, compression ignition, variable compression ratio light it is similar to the combination relief piston for adding pressure regulation system, no With the burning outbreak period postpones till the crank angle that outer piston starts downlink；Secondly, this structure is more suitable for fast quick burning It burns, only represents to shorten combustion process, do not represent and run at high speed.

It lights, refers to that traditional spark is lighted, compression ratio can be improved in right amount, late ignition speeds burning velocity, shortens combustion Burning process.

Compression ignition refers to by the way that injection process and distributive value is controlled to control combustion process and output power, similar to common rail Diesel engine.

Variable compressive is lighted, and is according to different operating modes, is adjusted compression ratio so that in compression stroke top dead center, gaseous mixture Temperature near but below autoignition temperature, light the gaseous mixture close to spontaneous combustion using spark plug, realize conflagration；Fast quick burning The process of heat propagation can be shortened by burning, and can also properly increase compression ratio, be conducive to the raising of the thermal efficiency, but too fast burning can shadow Ring the regulation performance to " combination relief piston " outer piston.

Variable compressive compression ignition is according to different operating modes, and adjusting compression ratio makes compression travel in top dead centre, gaseous mixture Temperature is just met for the autoignition conditions of fuel；It is suitble to fuel volatilization evaporation stage, fuel needed for injection in air inlet and compression stroke It is mixed with air, the supply of fuel can take multiple spot EFI and in-cylinder direct-jet, and atomizer can be mounted on pressure-variable by in-cylinder direct-jet Contracting is than on the plunger of adjusting mechanism；This combustion system is similar to homogeneous-charge compression-ignition, except that Combustion System and work item Part is harsh not as homogeneous-charge compression-ignition, whole compression ignition may be followed by realized, without spark-ignition system.

Fractional combustion refers to " the combination pressure regulation based on elastic noise reduction impact resistance head gasket for adding pressure regulation system Piston " with reference to variable compression ratio, while uses two sets of fuel feed systems, the high-pressure common rail of diesel, a set of gasoline (my god Right gas) multiple spot EFI or in-cylinder direct-jet；When starting warming-up, suitable diesel combustion operating mode, compression ratio adjustment to suitable diesel oil The state of burning, burning diesel oil；After warming-up, middle high rotating speed or suitable for gasoline combustion work when, in induction stroke or compression stroke In, be suitble to the gasoline carburation by evaporation stage, gasoline needed for injection, using variable compression ratio compression end gaseous mixture, adjust to It is less than but close to the autoignition temperature of gasoline, in appropriate crank angle, a small amount of diesel oil of spray into combustion chamber utilizes diesel oil spontaneous combustion The characteristics of point is less than gasoline lights the gaseous mixture of gasoline and air.

Variable compression ratio, mainly for gasoline engine light and homogeneous-charge compression-ignition and fractional combustion, have well Control action.

The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and Within principle, any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements are made should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. controlled elasticity internal combustion engine, it is characterised in that：It is equipped with that the perforative plunger hole of plunger, the column are installed in cylinder head One end of plug is stretched into the plunger hole, and the other end is stretched out on the outside of the plunger hole and end is equipped with step-like return spring Seat；The outer sheath that the plunger stretches out one end of the plunger hole is equipped with the return spring being against on the inside of the return spring seat；

The outside of the return spring seat is equipped with eccentric shaft, and eccentric shaft is equipped with gear and position sensor, is set on the gear There is coupling electric machine；

The return spring seat is equipped with the phase slots with the cooperation of eccentric wheel outer rim；

The combustion chamber of cylinder head is in the shape of similar n-type, and the cylinder head includes the air inlet side being bolted and exhaust side Two parts；Inlet valve and exhaust valve are flatly arranged symmetrically in size, the number of the both sides of combustion chamber, the inlet valve and exhaust valve All same is measured, admission cam shaft and exhaust cam shaft are correspondingly horizontally set on the both sides of combustion chamber.

2. controlled elasticity internal combustion engine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plunger and plunger hole are circular or two Hold the similar rectangular shape for arc.