CN105835606A - Scenery method and construction technology of rockery rockery - Google Patents
Scenery method and construction technology of rockery rockery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明涉及中国古典园林假山的营造方法,尤其涉及一种片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,属于园林工程技术领域。The invention relates to a construction method of a rockery in a Chinese classical garden, in particular to a method and a construction technique for setting up a rockery rockery, and belongs to the technical field of garden engineering.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
假山是用天然石头或人造石头营造的拟自然石景,假山源自真山,却又对真山加以典型化、模式化、意境化,是对真山的艺术再现。其中的一种假山形式为片石假山,始于当代建筑大师贝聿铭先生2005年设计的苏州博物馆写意假山营造案例,设计灵感来源于米芾的山水画,以写意取胜,借鉴中国山水画艺术营造实体山水,是对中国传统文人情怀的一个回望,也是对现代主义设计的一个诠释,试图创造出“虽有人作,宛自天开”的园林艺术作品。片石假山借鉴嵌壁隐山“以壁为纸,以石为绘”高低错落排砌石材,以其清晰的轮廓和剪影效果,形成别具一格的山水景观。片石假山是嵌壁石山中的一种特置石形式,一般山体较小,屡见于小型园林及住宅天井中,适宜小空间补景,延伸意境。The rockery is a pseudo-natural stone scene created with natural stones or artificial stones. The rockery originates from the real mountain, but it also typicalizes, models, and artistically conceives the real mountain. It is an artistic reproduction of the real mountain. One of the forms of rockery is flake rockery, which originated from the freehand rockery construction case of Suzhou Museum designed by the contemporary architect Mr. I.M. Pei in 2005. The design inspiration comes from Mi Fu's landscape paintings. , is a look back at the feelings of traditional Chinese literati, and is also an interpretation of modernist design, trying to create a garden art work that "although it is made by people, it looks like it was born in the sky". The flake stone rockery borrows from the hidden mountain embedded in the wall "using the wall as paper and using stone as painting" to form a unique landscape with its clear outline and silhouette effect. Flake rockery is a special stone form in the wall-mounted stone mountain. Generally, the mountain is small, and it is often seen in small gardens and residential patios. It is suitable for small spaces to complement the scenery and extend the artistic conception.
常规堆叠假山的设计施工过程一般包括:勘察地形、制图、制模、仿重、选石、放线、挖基槽、筑基械、相石、置基石、分层堆叠、填充、结顶、镶石、勾缝、养护、去支撑、调试、覆土、植绿、清场等,假山营造注意以下四点:①相地布局,混假于真。即选择和结合环境条件确定山水的间架和山水形势;②宾主分明,确定需要突出的假山,再配上其他的植物、小置石,突出主体部分;③兼顾三远。远观有“势”,近看有“质”和对比衬托,包括大小、曲直、起伏、险夷等;④假山工程结构。要求有稳固耐久的基础,递层而起,石间互咬,等分平衡,达到“其状可骇,万无一失”的效果。古典假山限于石材及施工技术条件等,在景观的创作方面有一定的局限性,假山以堆叠和置石为主,现代园林假山的发展与古典园林假山不同,呈现了多元化,综合化的趋势,现代施工技术及人造石材料的发展逐渐使创造多变和丰富的山石景观成为可能。但是传统营造片石假山的工艺没有技术体系,设计效率低,工艺复杂,施工效率低。The design and construction process of conventional stacked rockery generally includes: surveying terrain, drawing, model making, imitation weight, stone selection, setting out, digging foundation groove, building foundation equipment, relative stone, setting foundation stone, layered stacking, filling, topping, Stone setting, pointing, maintenance, support removal, debugging, soil covering, greening, site clearing, etc., pay attention to the following four points in the construction of rockery: ① The layout of the phase and the ground, mixing the fake with the real. That is to choose and combine the environmental conditions to determine the landscape structure and landscape situation; ②The guest and host are clearly distinguished, and the rockery that needs to be highlighted is determined, and other plants and small stones are added to highlight the main part; ③Three distances are considered. There is "potential" from a distance, and "quality" and contrast from a close view, including size, straightness, ups and downs, dangers, etc.; ④ rockery engineering structure. It is required to have a stable and durable foundation, to rise layer by layer, the stones bite each other, and the equal parts are balanced, so as to achieve the effect of "the shape is terrifying and foolproof". Classical rockery is limited to stone materials and construction technical conditions, etc., and has certain limitations in landscape creation. Rockery is mainly stacked and stone-placed. The development of modern garden rockery is different from classical garden rockery, showing a trend of diversification and integration. The development of modern construction technology and artificial stone materials has gradually made it possible to create varied and rich rock landscapes. However, there is no technical system in the traditional process of building rockery rockery, the design efficiency is low, the process is complicated, and the construction efficiency is low.
因此,本发明正是基于以上的不足而产生的。Therefore, the present invention just produces based on above deficiency.
【发明内容】【Content of invention】
本发明目的是克服了现有技术的不足,提供一种能够提高片石假山营造质量的可靠性,并提高设计和施工效率的片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺。The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a method and construction technology for setting up rockery rockery that can improve the reliability of the construction quality of rocky rockery and improve the efficiency of design and construction.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:A method and construction technology for setting up rockery rockery, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
A:组景设计:A: Group scene design:
A1:方案设计:根据场地现状并结合已有的实景图或山水画手工绘制片石假山景观线稿图,并选择片石的数量、尺寸、形状和材料类别,所述的片石假山的构成元素包括多块打凿成片状的片石、影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团,所述的片石假山占地不超过200㎡,所述的片石假山为平远片石假山或深远片石假山或高远片石假山,片石假山作为主景,影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团作为背景,影壁墙体宽度大于片石主景的延长宽度、高度为片石高度的1.5~2倍,单色背景植物组团栽植宽度大于片石假山主景的延长宽度,所述的片石平面布置为品字形、交错布置,片石数量为3块以上的奇数,片石形状整体轮廓为三角形、立置,边缘轮廓经人工打凿为自然边,片石厚度为50mm~200mm;A1: Schematic design: According to the current situation of the site and combined with the existing real scene map or landscape painting, manually draw the line drawing of the rockery landscape, and select the number, size, shape and material category of the rockery. The constituent elements of the rockery include multiple pieces Pieced stones, screen walls or monochrome background plant groups chiseled into flakes. The said rockery covers an area of no more than 200 square meters. The rockery is used as the main scene, and the screen wall or the monochrome background plant group is used as the background. The width of the screen wall is greater than the extension width of the main scene of the rock, and the height is 1.5 to 2 times the height of the rock. The planting width of the monochrome background plant group is larger than that of the rockery. The extended width of the scene, the planar arrangement of the flakes is in the shape of a character, staggered arrangement, the number of flakes is an odd number of more than 3 pieces, the overall shape of the flakes is triangular and vertical, the edge contour is artificially chiseled into a natural edge, and the thickness of the flakes is 50mm~200mm;
A2:模型制作:使用Sketch Up设计软件依据A1步骤中的线稿图建立3D模型;A2: Model making: Use Sketch Up design software to build a 3D model based on the line drawing in step A1;
A3:施工图绘制:使用AutoCAD软件根据步骤A2中的3D模型绘制施工图,包括片石假山的施工说明、平面布置图、正立面图、侧立面图、3D效果图、3D打印模型、细部大样图和工程量清单;A3: Drawing of construction drawings: Use AutoCAD software to draw construction drawings based on the 3D model in step A2, including construction instructions, floor plans, front elevations, side elevations, 3D renderings, 3D printing models, and details of rockery rockeries Large-scale drawing and bill of quantities;
B:施工安装:B: Construction and installation:
B1:材料制备:根据步骤A3中的施工图的要求选购片石,按所需的形状和尺寸加工片石,并对加工完成的片石编号和包装;B1: Material preparation: purchase flakes according to the requirements of the construction drawings in step A3, process the flakes according to the required shape and size, and number and pack the processed flakes;
B2:基础施工:在步骤B1中加工完成的片石到场前做好施工场地的地基施工并预埋固定件;B2: Foundation construction: do the foundation construction of the construction site and pre-embed the fixing parts before the flakes processed in step B1 arrive at the site;
B3:片石安装与调试:按照步骤A3中的施工平面布置图和3D打印模型将片石对应安装到相应位置,并逐一用预埋固定件固定片石或直接将片石埋入到现浇的混凝土中,并用油漆在片石上画出细节轮廓,用铁锤按油漆标记现场打凿片石细节轮廓;B3: Rock chip installation and commissioning: Install the chip rocks to the corresponding positions according to the construction layout diagram and 3D printing model in step A3, and fix the chip rocks with pre-embedded fixings one by one or directly embed the chip rocks in the cast-in-place concrete. And use paint to draw the outline of the details on the flakes, and use a hammer to mark the details of the flakes on the spot according to the paint;
B4:质量检验:检查片石的安装质量,包括片石稳定性、色差、纹理;B4: Quality inspection: check the installation quality of the flakes, including the stability, color difference, and texture of the flakes;
B5:附属设施安装:包括在片石假山主景周边安装水电、铺贴饰面、卵石或碎石。B5: Installation of auxiliary facilities: including installing water and electricity, paving veneer, pebbles or gravel around the main scene of the flake rockery.
如上所述的片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,其特征在于:所述的Sketch Up设计软件建立直观的3D片石假山模型,按照安装场地的规模和比例关系在计算机软件中调整材料的形状、尺寸和位置,各种施工图纸具有详细的文字标注,细部大样图对每一块片石有编号并与平面布置图中片石编号一一对应。The group scene method and the construction technology of the above-mentioned rockery rockery are characterized in that: the described Sketch Up design software sets up the intuitive 3D rockery model of rock flakes, adjusts the shape, Size and location, various construction drawings have detailed text labels, and the detailed large-scale drawings have numbers for each piece of rock, which corresponds to the number of the rock in the floor plan.
如上所述的片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,其特征在于:所述的预埋固定件为角钢制成的承力构件,用于连接和固定基础与片石。The method and construction process for setting up rockery rockery as described above is characterized in that: the embedded fixing part is a load-bearing member made of angle steel, which is used to connect and fix the foundation and the rockery.
如上所述的片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,其特征在于:在步骤B1中,首先将荒料石用机器切成设计的厚度,再机械粗切成设计的形状,加工完成的片石包括外露的供观赏部分和埋入基础内的埋入部分,观赏部分由人工打凿出自然轮廓,而埋入部分保持机械切口。The method and construction technology of the above-mentioned flake rockery are characterized in that: in step B1, the block stone is first cut into the designed thickness with a machine, and then mechanically roughly cut into the designed shape, and the finished flake includes The exposed ornamental part and the embedded part buried in the foundation, the ornamental part is chiseled out of a natural outline manually, while the embedded part remains mechanically cut.
如上所述的片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,其特征在于:在步骤B5中片石稳定性为主要检查项,尺寸大的片石需增加预埋固定件的数量,或增加埋入基础部分的深度,单块片石之间的色差不宜过大,自然纹理以和片石边缘处的纵向纹理走向一致。The method and construction process for setting up rockery rockery as described above is characterized in that: in step B5, the stability of the rock is the main inspection item, and the number of pre-embedded fixings for large-sized rocks needs to be increased, or the number of buried foundation parts needs to be increased. depth, the color difference between individual pieces of flakes should not be too large, and the natural texture should be consistent with the longitudinal texture at the edge of the flakes.
如上所述的片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,其特征在于:所述的片石为13块,选用澎湖青石打凿成单面片状,品字形交错布置,片石间距50~200mm,片石大小不一,最小的片石长宽高为250×300×150mm,埋入地下部分150mm,最大的片石长宽高为1600×2000×150mm,埋入地下部分150mm,每块片石周边以深色碎石作为覆盖物,相邻片石间填充种植土,并栽植微型植物,片石假山主景宽度为10m,占地25㎡。The method and construction technology of the above-mentioned flake rockery are characterized in that: the flakes are 13 pieces, which are chiseled into single-sided flakes with Penghu bluestone, arranged in a staggered shape, with a distance of 50-200mm between the flakes and a size of 13 flakes. The length, width and height of the smallest flake are 250×300×150mm, and the buried part is 150mm. The largest rubble is 1600×2000×150mm, and the buried part is 150mm. As a cover, planting soil is filled between adjacent flakes and micro-plants are planted. The width of the main scene of the flake rockery is 10m, covering an area of 25㎡.
如上所述的片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,其特征在于:所述的片石为5块,选用泰山石打凿成单面片状,品字形交错布置,片石间距100mm,片石大小不一,最小的片石长宽高650×950×80mm,埋入地下部分300mm,最大的片石长宽高1100×2100×80mm,埋入地下部分300mm,每块片石周边以黑色卵石作为覆盖物,片石通过混凝土固定在基础内,黑色卵石覆盖物位于预制混凝土台上,片石假山占地30㎡,片石假山主景宽度为5.4m。The method and construction technology of the above-mentioned flake rockery are characterized in that: the flakes are 5 pieces, and Taishan stone is selected to be chiseled into single-sided flakes, and the characters are arranged in a staggered manner, the distance between the flakes is 100mm, and the size of the flakes is different. The smallest flake length, width and height are 650×950×80mm, and the buried part is 300mm. The largest flake is 1100×2100×80mm, and the buried part is 300mm. The surrounding of each flake is covered with black pebbles, and the flake passes through the concrete. Fixed in the foundation, the black pebble covering is located on the prefabricated concrete platform. The flake rockery covers an area of 30㎡, and the width of the main view of the flake rockery is 5.4m.
与现有技术相比,本发明有如下优点:Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1、本发明与传统纯手工作业不同,组景设计中采用Sketch Up设计软件制作3D模型,便于设计人员操作和修改,施工图纸附带3D打印模型,景观更加直观、方便现场施工,组景设计过程中对片石假山的组景设计参数化、模块化,设计效率显著提高,施工中按照施工平面布置图和3D打印模型将片石对应安装到相应位置,并逐一用预埋固定件固定片石或直接将片石埋入到现浇的混凝土中,施工效率高,质量可靠。1. The present invention is different from the traditional pure manual work. The Sketch Up design software is used to make the 3D model in the group scene design, which is convenient for designers to operate and modify. The construction drawings are attached with the 3D printing model. The landscape is more intuitive and convenient for on-site construction. The parameterization and modularization of the landscape design of rockery rockery in the middle, the design efficiency is significantly improved. The flakes are embedded in the cast-in-place concrete, with high construction efficiency and reliable quality.
2、本发明片石假山的构成元素包括多块打凿成片状的片石、影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团,片石假山作为主景,影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团作为片石假山的背景,影壁墙体宽度大于片石主景的延长宽度、高度为片石高度的1.5~2倍,单色背景植物组团栽植宽度大于片石假山主景的延长宽度,因此,营造出的片石假山园林更协调,意境更逼真。2. The constituent elements of the flake rockery of the present invention include a plurality of sliced stones chiseled into flakes, screen walls or monochrome background plant groups, the flake rockery as the main scene, and the screen wall or monochrome background plant groups as the background of the flake rockery The width of the screen wall is greater than the extension width of the main rockery scene, and the height is 1.5 to 2 times the height of the rockery. The planting width of the monochrome background plant group is greater than the extension width of the main rockery scene. Therefore, the rockery garden created is more coordinated. The artistic conception is more realistic.
3、本发明的片石平面布置为品字形、交错布置,片石数量为3块以上的奇数,片石形状整体轮廓为三角形、立置,边缘轮廓经人工打凿为自然边,片石厚度为50mm~200mm。片石形状整体轮廓呈三角形,厚度50mm~200mm,能够保证片石假山园林营造过程中片石假山的稳定性,使营造的片石假山的可靠性得到提高。3. The planar arrangement of the flakes of the present invention is a character shape and staggered arrangement. The number of flakes is an odd number of more than 3 pieces. The overall outline of the flakes is triangular and vertical. The edge contour is artificially chiseled into a natural edge. The thickness of the flakes is 50mm to 200mm . The overall shape of the flakes is triangular in shape, and the thickness is 50mm to 200mm, which can ensure the stability of the flake rockery during the construction of the flake rockery garden and improve the reliability of the flake rockery.
4、本发明中首先将荒料石用机器切成设计的厚度,再机械粗切成设计的形状,加工完成的片石包括外露的供观赏部分和埋入基础内的埋入部分,观赏部分由人工打凿出自然轮廓,而埋入部分保持机械切口。埋入部分不外露,所以埋入部分不需要精加工,能够提高施工效率。4. In the present invention, the block stone is first cut into the designed thickness with a machine, and then roughly cut into the designed shape by a machine. The processed flake stone includes the exposed part for viewing and the embedded part embedded in the foundation. The viewing part consists of The natural contours are chiseled by hand, while the buried part remains mechanically cut. The buried part is not exposed, so the buried part does not need to be finished, and the construction efficiency can be improved.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
图1是本发明工艺流程图;Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
图2是施工完成的片石假山正视图;Fig. 2 is the front view of the flake rockery that has been constructed;
图3是施工完成的片石假山俯视图。Fig. 3 is the top view of the flake rockery that has been constructed.
【具体实施方式】【detailed description】
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述:The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
一种片石假山的组景方法及施工工艺,包括如下步骤:The invention discloses a method and construction technology for setting up rockery rockery, comprising the following steps:
A:组景设计:A: Group scene design:
A1:方案设计:根据场地现状并结合已有的实景图或山水画手工绘制片石假山景观线稿图,并选择片石的数量、尺寸、形状和材料类别;A1: Schematic design: According to the current situation of the site and combined with the existing real scene map or landscape painting, manually draw a line draft of the rockery landscape, and select the number, size, shape and material category of the rocks;
A2:模型制作:使用Sketch Up设计软件依据A1步骤中的线稿图建立3D模型;A2: Model making: Use Sketch Up design software to build a 3D model based on the line drawing in step A1;
A3:施工图绘制:使用AutoCAD软件根据步骤A2中的3D模型绘制施工图,包括片石假山的施工说明、平面布置图、正立面图、侧立面图、3D效果图、3D打印模型、细部大样图和工程量清单;A3: Drawing of construction drawings: Use AutoCAD software to draw construction drawings based on the 3D model in step A2, including construction instructions, floor plans, front elevations, side elevations, 3D renderings, 3D printing models, and details of rockery rockeries Large-scale drawing and bill of quantities;
B:施工安装:B: Construction and installation:
B1:材料制备:根据步骤A3中的施工图的要求选购片石,按所需的形状和尺寸加工片石,并对加工完成的片石编号和包装;B1: Material preparation: purchase flakes according to the requirements of the construction drawings in step A3, process the flakes according to the required shape and size, and number and pack the processed flakes;
B2:基础施工:在步骤B1中加工完成的片石到场前做好施工场地的地基施工并预埋固定件;B2: Foundation construction: do the foundation construction of the construction site and pre-embed the fixing parts before the flakes processed in step B1 arrive at the site;
B3:片石安装与调试:按照步骤A3中的施工平面布置图和3D打印模型将片石对应安装到相应位置,并逐一用预埋固定件固定片石或直接将片石埋入到现浇的混凝土中,并用油漆在片石上画出细节轮廓,用铁锤按油漆标记现场打凿片石细节轮廓;B3: Rock chip installation and commissioning: Install the chip rocks to the corresponding positions according to the construction layout diagram and 3D printing model in step A3, and fix the chip rocks with pre-embedded fixings one by one or directly embed the chip rocks in the cast-in-place concrete. And use paint to draw the outline of the details on the flakes, and use a hammer to mark the details of the flakes on the spot according to the paint;
B4:质量检验:检查片石的安装质量,包括片石稳定性、色差、纹理;B4: Quality inspection: check the installation quality of the flakes, including the stability, color difference, and texture of the flakes;
B5:附属设施安装:包括在片石假山主景周边安装水电、铺贴饰面、卵石或碎石。B5: Installation of auxiliary facilities: including installing water and electricity, paving veneer, pebbles or gravel around the main scene of the flake rockery.
所述的片石假山的构成元素包括多块打凿成片状的片石、影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团,所述的片石假山的构成元素还包括卵石或碎石覆盖物、微型植物、微型构筑物,所述的片石假山占地不超过200㎡。The constituent elements of the flake rockery include a plurality of sliced flakes, screen walls or monochromatic background plant groups, and the constituent elements of the flake rockery also include pebbles or crushed stone coverings, miniature plants, miniature Structures, the above-mentioned flake rockery covers an area of no more than 200 square meters.
所述的片石假山为平远片石假山或深远片石假山或高远片石假山,片石假山作为主景,影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团作为片石假山的背景,影壁墙体宽度大于片石主景的延长宽度、高度为片石高度的1.5~2倍,单色背景植物组团栽植宽度大于片石假山主景的延长宽度。The flake rockery is Pingyuan flake rockery or far-reaching flint rockery or high far flake rockery. The flake rockery is used as the main scene, and the shadow wall or monochrome background plant group is used as the background of the flake rockery. The width of the shadow wall is greater than the extension of the flake main scene. The width and height are 1.5 to 2 times the height of the flakes, and the planting width of the single-color background plant group is greater than the extended width of the main scene of the flakes and rockery.
所述的片石平面布置为品字形、交错布置,片石数量为3块以上的奇数,片石形状整体轮廓为三角形、立置,边缘轮廓经人工打凿为自然边,片石厚度为50mm~200mm。The planar arrangement of the flakes is pin-shaped and staggered, the number of flakes is an odd number of 3 or more, the overall shape of the flakes is triangular and upright, the edge contours are artificially chiseled into natural edges, and the thickness of the flakes is 50mm-200mm.
所述的Sketch Up设计软件建立直观的3D片石假山模型,按照安装场地的规模和比例关系在计算机软件中调整材料的形状、尺寸和位置,各种施工图纸具有详细的文字标注,细部大样图对每一块片石有编号并与平面布置图中片石编号一一对应。The above-mentioned Sketch Up design software establishes an intuitive 3D rockery model, and adjusts the shape, size and position of materials in the computer software according to the scale and proportion of the installation site. Various construction drawings have detailed text annotations and detailed large-scale drawings There is a number for each piece of flakes and corresponds to the number of flakes in the floor plan one by one.
所述的预埋固定件为角钢制成的承力构件,用于连接和固定基础与片石。The embedded fixing part is a load-bearing component made of angle steel, which is used for connecting and fixing the foundation and the rock chip.
在步骤B1中,首先将荒料石用机器切成设计的厚度,再机械粗切成设计的形状,加工完成的片石包括外露的供观赏部分和埋入基础内的埋入部分,观赏部分由人工打凿出自然轮廓,而埋入部分保持机械切口。In step B1, the block stone is firstly cut into the designed thickness by machine, and then roughly cut into the designed shape by machine. The processed flake includes the exposed ornamental part and the buried part buried in the foundation. The ornamental part is made of The natural contours are chiseled by hand, while the buried part remains mechanically cut.
在步骤B5中片石稳定性为主要检查项,尺寸大的片石需增加预埋固定件的数量,或增加埋入基础部分的深度,单块片石之间的色差不宜过大,自然纹理以和片石边缘处的纵向纹理走向一致。In step B5, the stability of the flakes is the main inspection item. For large flakes, it is necessary to increase the number of pre-embedded fixings, or increase the depth of the embedded foundation part. The color difference between single flakes should not be too large. The longitudinal grain at the edges is consistent.
如图2、图3所示,片石假山包括多个片石1、片石外露观赏部分11、片石埋入基础部分12、影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团2、片石假山基础3,多个片石1按品字形、交错布置,下部埋入片石假山基础3,以影壁墙体或单色背景植物组团2作为背景,观赏片石外露观赏部分11,形成“以壁为纸,以石为绘”的轮廓剪影效果,表达意境。As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the flake rockery includes a plurality of flakes 1, exposed ornamental parts 11 of flakes, embedded foundation part 12 of flakes, screen wall or monochrome background plant group 2, rockery foundation 3, and multiple flakes 1 Arranged in a staggered shape, the lower part is embedded with rockery foundation 3, with the screen wall or monochrome background plant group 2 as the background, and the ornamental part 11 of the exposed rock is formed to form an outline of "using the wall as paper and stone as painting" Silhouette effect, expressing artistic conception.
实施例1:Example 1:
所述的片石为13块,选用澎湖青石打凿成单面片状,品字形交错布置,片石间距50~200mm,片石大小不一,白粉影壁墙体作为背景,固定方式为现浇混凝土埋入基础,最小的片石长宽高为250×300×150mm,埋入地下部分150mm,最大的片石长宽高为1600×2000×150mm,埋入地下部分150mm,每块片石周边以深色碎石作为覆盖物,相邻片石间填充种植土,并栽植微型植物,片石假山主景宽度为10m,占地25㎡。用13块片石营造的假山形成实景山水画卷,视觉宽度宽,选用的澎湖青石硬度高,耐腐蚀,所选尺寸大小变化多样,符合自然山体的特征,造型更加逼真,辅以生长缓慢的长寿微型植物和微型构筑物等造景元素丰富,景观微缩为咫尺,景观意境深远。营造的片石假山景观特征显著、造景元素协调性好,稳定性可靠。The flakes mentioned are 13 pieces, which are chiseled from Penghu bluestone into single-sided flakes, arranged in a staggered shape, with a distance of 50-200 mm between flakes and flakes of different sizes. The white powder shadow wall is used as the background, and the fixing method is embedded in cast-in-place concrete Foundation, the smallest flake length, width and height are 250×300×150mm, buried in the underground part of 150mm, the largest rubble is 1600×2000×150mm in length, width and height, buried in the underground part of 150mm, and dark gravel is used around each flake Covering, filling planting soil between adjacent flakes, and planting micro-plants, the width of the main scene of the flake rockery is 10m, covering an area of 25㎡. The rockery built with 13 pieces of flakes forms a real landscape picture scroll, with a wide visual width. The selected Penghu bluestone has high hardness and corrosion resistance. The selected size varies, which conforms to the characteristics of the natural mountain. The landscaping elements such as plants and miniature structures are abundant, the landscape is miniaturized as close as you can see, and the artistic conception of the landscape is profound. The flake rockery landscape created has remarkable characteristics, good coordination of landscaping elements, and reliable stability.
片石假山组景方法及施工工艺流程如下:The rockery rockery composition method and construction process are as follows:
A:组景设计:A: Group scene design:
A1、方案设计:参考米芾写意山水画营造淡墨秋山的平远意境,手绘出初步方案线稿,选用13块澎湖青石打凿成单面片状组景,品字形交错布置,片石间距50~200mm不等,片石大小不一,最小的片石长宽高250×300×150mm,埋入地下部分150mm,最大的片石长宽高1600×2000×150mm,埋入地下部分150mm。A1. Schematic design: refer to Mi Fu’s freehand landscape painting to create a flat and distant artistic conception of light ink and autumn mountains, and draw a preliminary draft of the plan by hand. Choose 13 pieces of Penghu bluestone to chisel into a single-sided sheet-shaped group scene. The flakes vary in size from 200mm to 250mm in length, width and height, and 150mm buried underground; the largest flakes are 1600×2000×150mm in length, width and height, and 150mm buried underground.
A2、模型制作:使用Sketch Up设计软件依据方案设计的成果建立3D模型,并根据意象图调整片石位置、形状和大小。A2. Model making: Use the Sketch Up design software to build a 3D model based on the results of the scheme design, and adjust the position, shape and size of the rubble according to the image.
A3、施工图绘制:定稿方案后,使用Auto CAD软件绘制施工图,包括片石假山的施工说明、平面布置图、正立面图、侧立面图、3D效果图、3D打印模型、细部大样图和工程量清单。A3. Drawing of construction drawings: After finalizing the plan, use Auto CAD software to draw construction drawings, including construction instructions, floor plans, front elevations, side elevations, 3D renderings, 3D printing models, and detailed samples of rockery rockeries Drawings and Bill of Quantities.
B:施工安装:B: Construction and installation:
B1、材料制备:根据施工图纸细部大样图的要求选澎湖青石按形加工,单面平切,地上部分片石两侧用铁锤人工打凿出自然边缘,并分别编号1~13,打包待运。B1. Material preparation: According to the requirements of the detailed large-scale drawings of the construction drawings, select Penghu bluestone to be processed according to the shape, cut flat on one side, and manually chisel out the natural edges with a hammer on both sides of the above-ground part of the flakes, and number them 1-13 respectively, and pack them for waiting transport.
B2、基础施工:片石材料到场前做好地基夯实。B2. Foundation construction: The foundation should be tamped well before the flake material arrives at the site.
B3、片石安装与调试:按照施工平面布置图和3D打印模型,把片石材料对应安装到施工场地的相应位置,每块片石初步安装后,在最佳观赏位置调整细部,最后用现浇混凝土打底浇筑片石基础,平均厚度120mm,用油漆在片石上画出细节轮廓,由工人用铁锤按油漆标记现场打凿片石细节轮廓,施工人员可以站在最佳观赏点位置进行指挥而调整片石细节。B3. Stone chip installation and commissioning: according to the construction layout plan and 3D printing model, install the chip material to the corresponding position of the construction site. After each piece of chip is initially installed, adjust the details at the best viewing position, and finally pour it with cast-in-place concrete. The chip foundation is poured at the bottom, with an average thickness of 120mm. The details are drawn on the chips with paint, and the workers use a hammer to mark the details of the chips on site according to the paint marks. The construction personnel can stand at the best viewing point to direct and adjust the details of the chips .
B4、质量检验:检查安装质量。B4. Quality inspection: check the installation quality.
B5、其他附属设施安装。完成主景后在混凝土底上覆盖种植土,栽种微型植物包括罗汉松、清香木、玉龙草、国兰等,并在露土位置用深色碎石子覆盖,最后安装和调试微型流水。B5. Installation of other ancillary facilities. After finishing the main scene, cover the concrete bottom with planting soil, plant micro-plants including Podocarpus pine, fragrant wood, Yulong grass, Chinese orchid, etc., and cover the exposed soil with dark gravel, and finally install and debug the micro-flowing water.
实施例2:Example 2:
所述的片石为5块,选用泰山石打凿成单面片状,品字形交错布置,片石间距100mm,片石大小不一,密植丛生竹作为背景,固定方式为预埋固定件固定,最小的片石长宽高650×950×80mm,埋入地下部分300mm,最大的片石长宽高1100×2100×80mm,埋入地下部分300mm,每块片石周边以黑色卵石作为覆盖物,片石通过混凝土固定在基础内,黑色卵石覆盖物位于预制混凝土台上,片石假山占地30㎡,片石假山主景宽度为5.4m。5块片石营造的片石假山适合更小的空间,且片石假山的背景为丛生单色植物,工程造价显著降低,施工效率较之构筑物更高,适合赶工项目使用,预制固定件安装固定,方便施工和对片石的调试更换。The flakes mentioned are 5 pieces, which are chiseled into single-sided flakes with Taishan stones, arranged in a staggered shape, with a distance of 100mm between the flakes and different sizes of flakes. The densely planted bamboos are used as the background, and the fixing method is fixed by pre-embedded fixing parts. The smallest flakes The length, width and height are 650×950×80mm, and the buried part is 300mm. The largest flake has a length, width and height of 1100×2100×80mm, and the buried part is 300mm. The surrounding of each flake is covered with black pebbles, and the flake is fixed on the foundation by concrete. Inside, the black pebble covering is located on the prefabricated concrete platform, the flake rockery covers an area of 30㎡, and the width of the main view of the flake rockery is 5.4m. The rockery made of 5 pieces of flakes is suitable for a smaller space, and the background of the rockery is a cluster of monochromatic plants, the project cost is significantly reduced, and the construction efficiency is higher than that of the structure. It is suitable for rush projects. The prefabricated fixing parts are installed and fixed, which is convenient for construction. And debugging and replacement of flakes.
片石假山组景方法及施工工艺流程如下:The rockery rockery composition method and construction process are as follows:
A:组景设计:A: Group scene design:
A1、方案设计:参考已有实景意向图,并根据场地现状立意片石假山,确定要表达的意境为平远片石假山,手绘出初步方案线稿,选择5块泰山石片石组景,品字形交错布置,片石间距100mm,片石大小不一,最小的片石长宽高650×950×80mm,埋入地下部分300mm,最大的片石长宽高1100×2100×80mm,埋入地下部分300mm。A1. Schematic design: Refer to the existing real scene intention map, and according to the current situation of the site, set up a rockery with rocks, determine the artistic conception to be expressed as a rocky rockery in Pingyuan, draw a preliminary draft of the plan by hand, and select 5 pieces of Taishan stone flakes as a group scene, and the shape of the product is staggered. Arrangement, the distance between the flakes is 100mm, and the size of the flakes is different. The smallest flake is 650×950×80mm in length, width and height, and is buried in the underground part of 300mm.
A2、模型制作:使用Sketch Up设计软件依据方案设计的成果建立3D模型。A2. Model making: Use the Sketch Up design software to build a 3D model based on the design results of the scheme.
A3、施工图绘制:使用Auto CAD软件根据修订方案成果,绘制施工图,包括片石假山的施工说明、平面布置图、正立面图、侧立面图、3D效果图、3D打印模型、细部大样图和工程量清单。A3. Drawing of construction drawings: Use Auto CAD software to draw construction drawings according to the results of the revised plan, including construction instructions, floor plans, front elevations, side elevations, 3D renderings, 3D printing models, and detailed details of rockery rockeries. Sample drawings and bill of quantities.
B:施工安装:B: Construction and installation:
B1、材料制备:根据施工图纸细部大样图的要求选泰山石按形加工,地上部分片石两侧用铁锤人工打凿出自然边缘,并分别编号1~5,用泡沫板隔空夹层打包待运。B1. Material preparation: According to the requirements of the detailed and large-scale drawings of the construction drawings, Taishan stone is selected and processed according to the shape. The natural edges are manually chiseled out with a hammer on both sides of the above-ground part of the flakes, and numbered 1 to 5 respectively, and packed with foam board interlayers. to be shipped.
B2、基础施工:片石材料到场前已做好地基施工和预埋固定件安装。B2. Foundation construction: The foundation construction and pre-embedded fixings have been installed before the flake material arrives at the site.
B3、片石安装与调试:按照施工平面布置图和3D打印模型,把片石对应安装到相应位置,每块片石逐一用3~5个预埋固定件固定,用油漆在片石上画出细节轮廓,由工人用铁锤按油漆标记现场打凿片石细节轮廓,施工人员可以站在最佳观赏点位置进行指挥而调整片石细节。B3. Stone chip installation and commissioning: according to the construction layout plan and 3D printing model, install the chip rock to the corresponding position, fix each chip chip with 3 to 5 pre-embedded fixing parts one by one, draw the detailed outline on the chip chip with paint, Workers use a hammer to mark the details of the chiseled rocks on the spot according to the paint, and the construction personnel can stand at the best viewing point to direct and adjust the details of the rocks.
B4、质量检验:检查安装质量,包括片石稳定性、色差、纹理等。B4. Quality inspection: Check the installation quality, including chip stability, color difference, texture, etc.
B5、其他附属设施安装:完成主景周边饰面黑色花岗岩铺贴、卵石覆盖,并安装调试镜面水景。B5. Installation of other ancillary facilities: complete the black granite paving and pebble covering around the main scene, and install and debug the mirror water feature.
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CN108053472A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of artificial hillock design method based on threedimensional model group scape |
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CN110341368A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-18 | 无锡市天合景观工程有限公司 | Courtyard landscape design manually stacks diamond stone artificial hillock construction technology |
CN112069565A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-12-11 | 中建二局装饰工程有限公司 | Design method of plastic-stone rockery |
CN112069565B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-10-29 | 中建二局装饰工程有限公司 | Design method of plastic-stone rockery |
CN111959180A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-20 | 南京林业大学 | Rockery connecting piece and rockery digital construction method and dismantling and rebuilding method |
CN111959180B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2024-10-08 | 南京林业大学 | Rockery stone connecting piece and rockery digital construction method and disassembly and reconstruction method thereof |
CN115045541A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-13 | 上海园林机施有限公司 | Rockery construction process for natural growth of simulation plant in stone gap |
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