CN105831159B - A kind of compound formulation for alleviating corn drought stress and preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of compound formulation for alleviating corn drought stress and preparation method and application, belongs to the degeneration-resistant preparation technique field of crops.The compound formulation of the present invention is divided into coating agent for seed and plant spray, and containing components such as seaweed glycolipid, glycine betaine, calcium superphosphate, each component, which is mixed in a certain ratio, to be stirred and evenly mixed.After being handled by suitable proportion seed pelleting, seed sprouting can be effectively facilitated, improves seedling vigor, alleviate the growth and development of the water regime of plant entirety under drought stress, the extent of injury for mitigating plant, adjusting plant, so as to improve corn quality and yield.Can also play the role of sprinkling irrigation feedwater, seaweed glycolipid a little during using plant spray can also play the pathogenic bacteria of blade certain inhibitory action.

Description

A compound preparation for alleviating drought stress in corn and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to a compound preparation for relieving drought stress of corn, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of crop stress resistance preparations.

Background technique

As the second largest crop in the world, corn is the most important source of food and feed, and one of the major food crops with the largest demand and wide application fields in my country.

The spring sowing corn area in northern China is dominated by the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. Due to poor weather conditions during sowing, especially drought and water shortage, the germination rate of corn seeds is low and the growth of seedlings is weak, which ultimately affects the yield of corn. Therefore, how to make the maize seeds sown in the northern dry fields have sufficient water and nutrition to promote their germination and seedling growth is the key to increasing the maize yield in this area.

Trehalolipid has good corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, anti-drying and dehydration protection, etc., which brings great convenience to the storage, transportation and use of biomolecules, cell membranes, organelles and medical biological products. Trehalolipids are composed of hydrophobic trehalose and hydrophilic fatty acid chains. Trehalose is a reliable and safe natural sugar. Under the conditions of high temperature dehydration and high osmotic pressure, organisms containing trehalose can avoid nutrient loss and cell damage caused by cell dehydration, so that the body has strong drought resistance. The researchers found that under salt stress, the use of trehalose could reduce the electrolyte permeability and malondialdehyde content of wheat, cucumber, and tomato leaves, prevent the degradation of chlorophyll, and improve tomato root activity, dry matter accumulation, and plant growth rate. Trehalolipid is a biosurfactant, and its advantages are as follows: (1) It has high degradability and safety, and has certain inhibitory effect on bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria, so that trehalose can be reduced. Utilized by bacteria to improve its effect. (2) The hydrophobic and low-energy surface formed by the different degrees of waxy layers covered by the leaf surface of crops is conducive to the wetting of the surface by liquids, thereby affecting absorption. (3) Due to the dual effects of surface activity and biocompatibility, it can increase the transmembrane penetration ability of animal and plant cell membranes.

Calcium is not only an essential nutrient element, a second messenger for plant cell function to regulate plant growth and development, but also binds to calmodulin, an enzyme that regulates various important functions in cell activities, and plays an important role in plant growth and development. signal transduction. Under drought stress, plants significantly reduce the uptake of Ca ²⁺ , which is caused by the lower affinity of Ca ²⁺ in the root system, and the resulting calcium deficiency in plants leads to a series of adverse effects, affecting the growth and development of plants .

Betaine is one of the non-toxic osmotic adjustment substances in plants. It is mainly distributed in plant cytoplasm and chloroplast, and it will accumulate in large quantities in plant cells under drought stress. More and more studies have shown that betaine is not only an osmotic adjustment substance, but also has an osmoprotective effect. It can protect the structure and integrity of biological macromolecules, maintain their normal physiological functions, and then protect the health of plants under different stress conditions. cells and biomolecules.

Chitosan is a good film-forming agent, has certain moisture absorption and moisturizing properties, can control the slow release of active substances in seed coating agents, and also has antibacterial and insecticidal effects. As a natural polymer, chitosan is easily degraded by soil microorganisms. Its short-chain degradation products have the function of regulating plant growth and are non-toxic and harmless to crops, humans and animals.

Chinese patent CN105347979A (application number: 201510936537.3) discloses a preparation method of a special drought-resistant seed soaking agent for corn. The extraction solution is rich in bioactive components such as trehalose, natural organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and active strains, which acts on the surface of the seeds to improve the ability of corn seeds to resist drought stress. However, the anti-drought seed soaking agent prepared by the invention lacks the inhibitory effect on bacteria, and the corn leaf surface is covered with a waxy layer, which affects absorption when sprayed.

Chinese patent CN103535380A (application number: 201310516140.X) discloses a crop drought-resistant agent that is safe and effective in drought resistance and its application. The anti-drought agent for crops of the present invention has active ingredients of compound amino acid, betaine, fulvic acid, organic matter and proline; wherein, 7-13 parts by weight of compound amino acid, 1-3 parts by weight of betaine, and 3-7 parts by weight of fulvic acid Parts by weight, 1-3 parts by weight of organic matter, 6-70% of the total mass of the proline; and a preparation method and application of the drought-resistant agent for crops are also disclosed. Compared with this patent, this application does not have trehalolipids and superphosphate, and the addition of trehalolipids can greatly improve the drought resistance of seeds and seedlings. Superphosphate can not only promote the growth and development of crops, but also enhance the ability of plants to resist disease and drought.

Chinese patent invention CN103548446 (application number 201310518497.1) discloses a drought-resistant treatment method for kidney bean seeds. The method of the present invention is firstly treated with a plasma seed treatment machine, and then treated with a special drought-resistant coating agent for kidney beans. The treatment current of the plasma seed treatment machine is 0.5-1.5A, and the treatment times are 1-3 times; Betaine, 0.01%-0.05% brassinolide, 0.5-1% fungicide, 0.4-0.6% insecticide, 0.072%-0.144% acetic acid and the balance of water. The bean seeds were coated according to the drug-to-species ratio of 1:30-1:50. Its formula is relatively complicated, without trehalolipids, the addition of trehalolipids can greatly improve the drought resistance of seeds and seedlings, and trehalolipids can also inhibit the pathogenic bacteria of leaves to a certain extent. Calcium superphosphate can not only promote The growth and development of crops can also enhance the ability of plants to resist disease and drought.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient, economical and non-polluting compound preparation and its preparation method and application in terms of antibacterial and antiseptic, enhanced water retention, osmotic adjustment, anti-drying and dehydration protection, and improvement of root system vitality.

The compound preparation prepared by the invention is divided into plant spray and seed coating agent.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A compound preparation for alleviating drought stress in corn, containing the following ingredients per liter of water: trehalolipid 6-15g, superphosphate 1-10g, betaine 50-300mg;

Preferably according to the present invention, the compound preparation contains the following ingredients per liter of water: trehalolipid 8-10g, superphosphate 2.5-5g, betaine 150-200mg; as a plant spray;

Preferably according to the present invention, the compound preparation, used as a seed coating agent, also contains acetic acid, the concentration of which is 0.4%-0.6% by mass; and also includes 2-12g chitosan.

According to a further preference of the present invention, the content of chitosan in the seed coating agent is 6-10 g.

According to the present invention, further preferably, the mass percent concentration of the acetic acid is 0.5%.

The degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is greater than 90%, and the viscosity is 100-600 Pa.s.

The above-mentioned compound preparation for relieving drought stress of corn is divided into plant spray and seed coating agent according to different usage methods, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

Preparation of plant spray: Add trehalolipid, betaine and superphosphate to water in proportion, dissolve and stir evenly to obtain the product;

Preparation of seed coating agent: dissolve a certain amount of chitosan in 0.4% to 0.6% acetic acid aqueous solution in proportion to prepare a chitosan solution; Calcium is added into the chitosan solution, stirred and mixed evenly.

Application of the above-mentioned compound preparation for alleviating drought stress of corn to alleviating drought stress of corn.

For the above application, the steps are as follows:

Mix the compound preparation (seed coating agent) for alleviating the drought stress of corn with the corn seeds at a mass ratio of 1:40 to 1:60, stir evenly until the surface of the seeds is coated with the compound preparation for alleviating the drought stress of corn, and dry in natural ventilation;

Alternatively, the compound preparation (plant spray) for relieving drought stress of corn is sprayed on the surface of the leaves of the plants until they are evenly wetted, sprayed on the leaves before 9:00 am or after 4:00 pm, and sprayed continuously for 7 to 14 days.

The trehalolipids in the above compound preparations can be commercially available products, or Rhodococcus erythropolis (Rhodococcus erythropolis), strain number ATCC 4277, according to the paper Marqués A M, Pinazo A, Farfan M, et al. The physicochemical properties and chemical composition oftrehalose lipids produced by Rhodococcus erythropolis 51T7.Chemistry&Physicsof Lipids, 2009,158(2):110-117. The method described in is prepared.

Beneficial effect

1. The present invention provides a compound preparation for relieving drought stress composed of environment-friendly materials. After coating the seeds in an appropriate proportion, it can effectively promote seed germination, improve seedling vigor, and relieve the overall corn plant under drought stress. Water status, reduce plant damage, regulate plant growth and development, thereby improving corn quality and yield.

2. The compound preparation of the present invention contains trehalolipid, which has an inhibitory effect on bacteria and plays a role in controlling crop diseases.

3. Trehalolipids have dual functions of surface activity and biocompatibility, which can increase the transmembrane penetration ability of animal and plant cell membranes. Secondly, the surface of corn leaves is covered with a waxy layer, and trehalolipids can form a hydrophobic and low-energy surface, which is conducive to the wetting of the surface by liquids and promotes absorption.

4. The compound preparation of the present invention greatly improves the drought resistance of seeds and seedlings. Superphosphate can not only promote the growth and development of crops, but also enhance the ability of plants to resist disease and drought.

5. When using the foliar spray, it can also play the role of a little sprinkler irrigation water supply, and the trehalolipid can also inhibit the pathogenic bacteria of the leaves to a certain extent.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The trehalolipid described in this example uses Rhodococcus erythropolis (Rhodococcus erythropolis), strain number ATCC4277, according to the paper Marqués A M, Pinazo A, Farfan M, et al. The physicochemical properties and chemical composition of trehalose lipids produced by Rhodococcus erythropolis 51T7.Chemistry&Physics of Lipids, 2009,158(2):110-117. The method described in is prepared.

The rest of the raw materials are commercial products, wherein the degree of deacetylation of chitosan is greater than 90%, and the viscosity is 100-600Pa.s.

Example 1:

A compound preparation for relieving drought stress in corn, consisting of seed coating agent and plant spray:

The preparation method of the seed coating agent: 5 g of chitosan is dissolved in 1 liter of 0.5% acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution. Add 6g of trehalolipid, 150mg of betaine, and 2.5g of superphosphate into the chitosan solution, stir and mix well;

The preparation method of the plant spray: add 7g of trehalolipid, 180mg of betaine, and 3.5g of superphosphate into 1 liter of water in proportion, dissolve and stir evenly to obtain the product.

Mix the coating agent of the compound formulation for alleviating the drought stress of corn with the corn seeds at a mass ratio of 1:40, stir evenly until the surface of the seed is coated with the compound formulation for alleviating the drought stress of corn, and let it dry with natural ventilation;

When the drought is severe, spray the compound preparation plant spray to alleviate the drought stress of corn on the surface of the leaves of the plants. Spray on the leaves before 9:00 am or after 4:00 pm until they are evenly wet, and continue spraying for 10 days.

Example 2:

A compound preparation for relieving drought stress in corn, consisting of seed coating agent and plant spray:

The preparation method of the seed coating agent: 7 g of chitosan is dissolved in 1 liter of 0.5% acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution. Add 8g of trehalolipid, 160mg of betaine, and 3.5g of superphosphate into the chitosan solution, stir and mix well;

The preparation method of the plant spray: add 10 g of trehalolipid, 190 mg of betaine and 4.5 g of superphosphate into 1 liter of water according to a certain proportion, dissolve and stir evenly to obtain the product.

Mix the coating agent of the compound formulation for alleviating the drought stress of corn with the corn seeds at a mass ratio of 1:50, stir evenly until the surface of the seeds is coated with the compound formulation for alleviating the drought stress of corn, and let it dry with natural ventilation;

When the drought is severe, spray the compound preparation plant spray for relieving drought stress of corn on the surface of the leaves of the plants. Spray the leaves before 9:00 am or after 4:00 pm until they are evenly wet. Spray continuously for 12 days.

Example 3:

A compound preparation for relieving drought stress in corn, consisting of seed coating agent and plant spray:

The preparation method of the seed coating agent: 9 g of chitosan is dissolved in 1 liter of 0.5% acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution. Add 13g of trehalolipid, 180mg of betaine, and 4g of superphosphate into the chitosan solution, stir and mix well;

The preparation method of the plant spray: add 15 g of trehalolipid, 200 mg of betaine and 5 g of superphosphate into 1 liter of water in proportion, dissolve and stir evenly to obtain the product.

The compound preparation seed coating agent for relieving drought stress of corn is mixed with the corn seeds according to a mass ratio of 1:60, stirred evenly until the surface of the seeds is coated with the compound preparation for relieving drought stress of corn, and dried in natural ventilation;

When the drought is severe, spray the compound preparation plant spray for alleviating the drought stress of corn on the surface of the leaves of the plants. Spray on the leaves before 9:00 am or after 4:00 pm until they are evenly wet. Spray continuously for 14 days.

Comparative example 1:

A compound preparation for relieving drought stress in corn, which consists of a seed coating agent and a plant spray, the preparation method of which is the same as in Example 2, except that the trehalose lipid is replaced by trehalose.

The using method of seed coating agent and plant spray is the same as embodiment 2.

Comparative example 2:

A compound preparation for relieving drought stress in corn, which consists of a seed coating agent and a plant spray, and its preparation method is the same as that in Example 2, except that the trehalolipid is removed.

The using method of seed coating agent and plant spray is the same as embodiment 2.

Application example 1:

Corn seeds (Zhengdan 958) treated with the coating agent in the above-mentioned Example 1 were sown at 15° C. in soil with a water content of 12%, and the seeds not treated with the coating agent were used as a control. Compared with the control, after planting for 65 days, the maize leaf width increased by 19.6%, leaf length increased by 15.8%, stem diameter increased by 21.4%, plant height increased by 18.2%, and root activity increased by 35.2% compared with the control. The plant polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 12.7% compared with the control, and the plant catalase increased by 24.5% compared with the control.

With the maize seed (Zheng Dan 958) that is not treated with coating, 20 ℃ are sowed in the soil of 15% water content, adopt the seedling that continues to grow 12 days after germination to carry out natural wind drought stress, begin to spray in embodiment 1 The compound preparation was sprayed for 10 days, and the spraying rate was 50 liters/mu, and the seedlings that were not sprayed with the compound preparation were used as a control. Compared with the control, the SOD activity of the leaves increased by 19.2%, the POD activity increased by 15.9%, the soluble protein content of the leaves increased by 20.6%, and the proline content increased by 68.2%.

Application example 2:

Corn seeds (Zhengdan 958) treated with the coating agent in the above-mentioned Example 2 were sown at 15° C. in soil with a water content of 12%, and the seeds not treated with the coating agent were used as a control. Compared with the control, after 65 days of planting, the maize leaf width increased by 23.9%, leaf length increased by 19.2%, stem diameter increased by 26.6%, plant height increased by 23.8%, and root activity increased by 41.8% compared with the control. The plant polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 17.2% compared with the control, and the plant catalase increased by 29.2% compared with the control.

With the maize seed (Zheng Dan 958) that is not treated with coating, 20 ℃ are sowed in the soil of 15% water content, adopt the seedling that continues to grow 12 days after germination to carry out natural wind drought stress, begin to spray the in the embodiment 2 The compound preparation was sprayed for 12 days, the spraying rate was 50 liters/mu, and the seedlings without spraying the compound preparation were used as the control, the SOD activity of the leaves was increased by 23.8% compared with the control, the POD activity was increased by 19.4% compared with the control, and the leaf soluble protein The content is increased by 23.5% compared with the control, and the proline content is increased by 72.4% compared with the control.

Application example 3:

Corn seeds (Zhengdan 958) treated with the coating agent in the above-mentioned Example 3 were sown at 15° C. in soil with a water content of 12%, and the seeds not treated with the coating agent were used as a control. Compared with the control, after 65 days of planting, the maize leaf width increased by 22.8%, leaf length increased by 12.6%, stem diameter increased by 19.2%, plant height increased by 21.5%, and root activity increased by 39.4% compared with the control. The plant polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 15.8% compared with the control, and the plant catalase increased by 27.8% compared with the control.

With the maize seed (Zheng Dan 958) that is not treated with coating, 20 DEG C are sowed in the soil of 15% water content, adopt the seedling that continues to grow 12 days after germination to carry out natural wind drought stress, begin to spray among the embodiment 3 The compound preparation was sprayed for 14 days, and the spraying rate was 50 liters/mu, and the seedlings that were not sprayed with the compound preparation were used as a control. Compared with the control, the SOD activity of the leaves increased by 21.5%, the POD activity increased by 18.6%, the soluble protein content of the leaves increased by 21.4%, and the proline content increased by 71.5%.

Application example 4:

Corn seeds (Zhengdan 958) treated with the coating agent in the above-mentioned Example 2 were sown at 15° C. in soil with a water content of 12%, and the seeds treated with the coating agent described in the above-mentioned Comparative Example 1 were used as a control. Compared with the control, after 65 days of planting, the maize leaf width increased by 6.8% , leaf length increased by 3.5% , stem diameter increased by 6.6% , plant height increased by 7.1% , and root activity increased by 8.5% compared with the control. The plant polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 6.7% compared with the control, and the plant catalase increased by 7.6% compared with the control.

With the maize seed (Zheng Dan 958) that is not treated with coating, 20 ℃ are sowed in the soil of 15% water content, adopt the seedling that continues to grow 12 days after germination to carry out natural wind drought stress, begin to spray the in the embodiment 2 Compound preparation, spraying 12 days, spray rate is 50 liters/mu, adopt the seedling spraying compound preparation of comparative example 1 as contrast. Compared with the control, the SOD activity of the leaves increased by 6.9% , the POD activity increased by 6.2% , the soluble protein content of the leaves increased by 5.6% , and the proline content increased by 6.9% compared with the control.

Application example 5:

Corn seeds (Zhengdan 958) treated with the coating agent in the above-mentioned Example 2 were sown at 15° C. in soil with a water content of 12%, and the corn seeds treated with the coating agent in the above-mentioned Comparative Example 2 were used as a control. Compared with the control, after 65 days of planting, the corn leaf width increased by 9.9% , leaf length increased by 5.4% , stem diameter increased by 10.9% , plant height increased by 11.7% , and root activity increased by 12.1% compared with the control. The plant polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 8.6% compared with the control, and the plant catalase increased by 9.7% compared with the control.

With the maize seed (Zheng Dan 958) that is not treated with coating, 20 ℃ are sowed in the soil of 15% water content, adopt the seedling that continues to grow 12 days after germination to carry out natural wind drought stress, begin to spray the in the embodiment 2 The compound preparation was sprayed for 12 days, and the spraying rate was 50 liters/mu, and the seedlings sprayed with the compound preparation in Comparative Example 2 were used as a control. Compared with the control, the SOD activity of the leaves increased by 10.4% , the POD activity increased by 9.7% , the soluble protein content of the leaves increased by 9.9%, and the proline content increased by 14.5% compared with the control

Conclusion: The addition of trehalolipids can greatly improve the drought resistance of seeds and seedlings. Trehalolipids can also inhibit the pathogenic bacteria on leaves. Superphosphate can not only promote the growth and development of crops, but also The combination of fat and betaine enhances the ability of plants to resist disease and drought.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of compound formulation for alleviating corn drought stress, it is characterised in that contain following component in every liter of water：Seaweed glycolipid 6 ~15g, 1~10g of calcium superphosphate, 50~300mg of glycine betaine, as plant spray.

2. alleviate the compound formulation of corn drought stress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also contain acetic acid, acetic acid Mass percent concentration be 0.4%~0.6%, and 2~12g chitosans are further included, as coating agent for seed.

3. alleviate the compound formulation of corn drought stress as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that containing such as in every liter of water Lower component：Seaweed 8~10g of glycolipid, 2.5~5g of calcium superphosphate, 150~200mg of glycine betaine.

4. alleviate the compound formulation of corn drought stress as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the content of chitosan is 6 ~10g.

5. alleviate the compound formulation of corn drought stress as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the mass percent of acetic acid Concentration is 0.5%.

6. alleviate the compound formulation of corn drought stress as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the de- second of the chitosan Acyl degree is more than 90%, and viscosity is 100~600Pa.s.

7. a kind of preparation method of the compound formulation of the alleviation corn drought stress described in claim 1 or 2, step are as follows：

The preparation of plant spray：Seaweed glycolipid, glycine betaine, calcium superphosphate each component are proportionally added into water, stirred after dissolving Uniformly, up to plant spray；

The preparation of coating agent for seed：Chitosan is dissolved in the aqueous acetic acid that mass concentration is 0.4%~0.6% in proportion, It is configured to chitosan solution；Seaweed glycolipid, glycine betaine, calcium superphosphate are added in chitosan solution successively in proportion again, stirring Mix up to coating agent for seed.

8. alleviating the preparation method of the compound formulation of corn drought stress as claimed in claim 7, step is as follows：

The preparation of coating agent for seed：The chitosan of 7g is dissolved in the aqueous acetic acid that 1 mass per liter concentration is 0.5%, be configured to Chitosan solution；Seaweed glycolipid 8g, glycine betaine 160mg, calcium superphosphate 3.5g are added in chitosan solution, stirred and evenly mixed, i.e., Obtain coating agent for seed；

The preparation of plant spray：Seaweed glycolipid 10g, glycine betaine 190mg, calcium superphosphate 4.5g are added in 1 liter of water, after dissolving Stir evenly up to plant spray.

9. application of the compound formulation of the alleviation corn drought stress described in claim 1 or 2 in corn drought stress is alleviated； Applying step is as follows：

By coating agent for seed and corn seed according to mass ratio 1:40~1:60 mixing, stir to the surface of the seed and uniformly coat seed Coating agent, gravity-flow ventilation are dried；

Hung alternatively, plant spray is sprayed before plant leaf surface, at 9 points in the morning or blade face is sprayed on after at 4 points in afternoon to uniform It is wet, persistently spray 7~14 days.

10. application as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the mass ratio of coating agent for seed and corn seed is 1:50, plant The number of days that strain spray persistently sprays is 12 days.