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CN105807716B - Remanufacturing Machine Tool Health Monitoring System - Google Patents

Remanufacturing Machine Tool Health Monitoring System Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105807716B
CN105807716B CN201610331590.5A CN201610331590A CN105807716B CN 105807716 B CN105807716 B CN 105807716B CN 201610331590 A CN201610331590 A CN 201610331590A CN 105807716 B CN105807716 B CN 105807716B
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China
Prior art keywords
sensor
lathe
main shaft
machine tool
vibration
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201610331590.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105807716A (en
Inventor
许明三
江吉彬
曾寿金
陈丙三
练国富
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Fujian University of Technology
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Fujian University of Technology
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Priority to CN201610331590.5A priority Critical patent/CN105807716B/en
Publication of CN105807716A publication Critical patent/CN105807716A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105807716B publication Critical patent/CN105807716B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/406Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31088Network communication between supervisor and cell, machine group

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides one kind and remanufactures lathe health monitoring systems, including lathe, electrical control cabinet and master control processing system, lathe is equipped with main shaft and knife rest, the front and back end of main shaft is equipped with bearing, it has been fixed by the bracket two first vibrating sensors on the mutually perpendicular position in the front and back end of main shaft, has been fixed with the second vibrating sensor and temperature sensor on bearing;The second vibrating sensor is fixed on three directions of knife rest;It is additionally provided with cutter on knife rest, is fixed with temperature sensor on cutter;Cabinet leg is additionally provided with the first vibrating sensor;Electrical control cabinet is equipped with voltage transmitter, current transducer and current transformer;Lathe is connect with the corresponding circuits of the electrical control cabinet, and current transducer is connect with current transformer, and the first vibrating sensor, the second vibrating sensor, temperature sensor, voltage transmitter and current transducer are connected to master control processing system.The present invention can have found machine failure in time;Workpiece machining surface quality can be monitored in real time.

Description

Remanufacture lathe health monitoring systems
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of mechanical technique more particularly to one kind to remanufacture lathe health monitoring systems.
Background technique
As modern machinery and equipment is increasingly sophisticated and accurate, the harmfulness of failure is further serious, fault diagnosis technology by The attention of height.By the double drive of technological progress and the market expansion, mechanical failure diagnostic method is just towards diversification and intelligence The direction of energyization is developed, while mechanical fault diagnosis ability is also the professional ability of Present Mechanical Engineering Shi Bibei.
Lathe is remanufactured by after numerical control transformation, practical NC postprocessing, but the stability run is double due to system and price Factor influences, and the operating condition of real-time monitoring system is used for currently without monitoring system, and supervises in real time to the surface quality of processing Control.
, application No. is 201310368189.5 Chinese invention, numerically-controlled machine tool is being disclosed filed on 08 20th, 2013 A kind of monitoring system for numerical control machine in field, including information acquisition unit, feature extraction unit and state recognition unit, institute Stating information acquisition unit includes the monitoring sensor that signal output end is connected on signal detection module, the feature extraction unit It is connected to the signal processing module on the signal detection module including signal input part, the signal of the signal processing module is defeated Outlet is connected with the signal input part of characteristic extracting module, and the state recognition unit includes that signal input part is connected to feature and mentions Expert system module on modulus block, the signal output end of the expert system module and the signal input part of state recognition module It is connected.It is not to realize real-time lathe health monitoring, to processing matter although the purpose of on-line monitoring also may be implemented in the invention The on-line monitoring of amount, and the purpose of real-time early warning.
, application No. is 201120133898.1 Chinese utility model, it is being related to a kind of number filed on 04 29th, 2011 Machine tool monitoring system is controlled, which includes: background monitoring host, intelligent interface device and intelligent acquisition device;Background monitoring master Machine connects at least one intelligent interface device by Ethernet, each intelligent interface device be equipped with one for connect backstage prison The Ethernet interface of control host connect the communication interface of 485 communication buses with one, is connected at least on 485 communication bus One intelligent acquisition device, each intelligent acquisition device correspond to several lathes.Above-mentioned machine tool monitoring system, by by each lathe Status switch correspondence collect intelligent acquisition equipment, then background monitoring host is uploaded to by intelligent acquisition equipment.It can not only Different workshops effectively in one factory of access, different times, different manufacturers machine tool, pass through background monitoring host and realize pair The monitoring of all access lathes, improves the efficiency of plant produced.Although the mesh of on-line monitoring also may be implemented in the utility model , but be not to realize real-time lathe health monitoring, the on-line monitoring to processing quality, and the purpose of real-time early warning.
Application No. is 201110045763.4 Chinese inventions filed on February 25th, 2011, a kind of numerical control is proposed The method of lathe turning stability monitoring, is related to monitoring technical field.Due to the continuous improvement of servo-system performance, response speed Degree, sensibility etc. are also continuously improved, and therefore, the state of lathe can obtain instead on the electric current of driving motor during the cutting process It reflects.In the invention, method extracts multiple characteristic values of current signal through various signal processing, establishes significant condition vector conduct The input of mathematical model, then by the analytical calculation of mathematical model, export the cutting state of lathe.Since electric current is believed in the invention Number strong interference immunity, the features such as being easy to acquire, is few using auxiliary tool, relative to having in its operation of current many monitoring methods Have the advantages that simple and easy, monitoring effect is good, it is easier to realize to the on-line monitoring of machining state, process safety has been effectively ensured And product quality.Although the purpose of on-line monitoring also may be implemented in the invention, only current signal is monitored.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that providing one kind remanufactures lathe health monitoring systems, is based on mathematical modulo The method of type, the method for signal processing carry out recording equipment operating condition, and by signal processing analysis, carrying out diagnostic device may be deposited Failure cause, alarm signal can also be issued when occurring abnormal with the surface quality of timing monitoring workpiece.
Problem of the invention is achieved in that
One kind remanufacturing lathe health monitoring systems, including a lathe, an electrical control cabinet and a master control processing system System, the lathe are equipped with a main shaft and a knife rest, and the front and back end of the main shaft is arranged with a bearing respectively, the main shaft It has been fixed by the bracket two first vibrating sensors on the mutually perpendicular position in front and back end, one second vibration is fixed on the bearing Dynamic sensor and a temperature sensor;One second vibrating sensor is respectively and fixedly provided in the X-axis of the knife rest, Y-axis and Z-direction; It is additionally provided with a cutter on the knife rest, a temperature sensor is fixed on the cutter;The cabinet leg is additionally provided with the first vibration Dynamic sensor;The electrical control cabinet is equipped with a voltage transmitter, a current transducer and three current transformers;The machine Bed is connect with the corresponding circuits of the electrical control cabinet, and the current transducer is connect with three current transformers, and described First vibrating sensor, second vibrating sensor, the temperature sensor, the voltage transmitter and the electric current pick-up Device is connected to the master control processing system.
Further, two first vibrating sensors in the front and back end of the main shaft, the first vibrating sensor described in one In horizontal direction, another first vibrating sensor is located in vertical direction.
Further, the master control processing system is industrial personal computer.
Further, the second vibrating sensor on the bearing and temperature sensor are an integral structure.
Further, second vibrating sensor is patch magnetic-type vibrating sensor.
The present invention has the advantage that the present invention can to failure lathe failure that may be present or will generated, into Row pre- judgement in advance, to make the service life of lathe longer;By high order equilibrium, workpiece machining surface can be monitored in real time Quality, if exceeding the timely alert process of quality standard.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the main view that the present invention remanufactures lathe health monitoring systems.
Fig. 2 is the top view that the present invention remanufactures lathe health monitoring systems.
Fig. 3 is the side view of main shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the side view of bearing of the present invention.
Figure label explanation:
1- lathe, 11- main shaft, 12- knife rest, 13- bearing, 14- cutter, 2- electrical control cabinet, 3- master control processing system, The first vibrating sensor of 4-, the second vibrating sensor of 5-, 6- temperature sensor, 7- voltage transmitter, 8- current transducer, 9- electricity Current transformer.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed combined with specific embodiments below, but structure of the invention and not only It is limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, one kind of the invention remanufactures lathe health monitoring systems, including a lathe 1, one is electrically Control cabinet 2 and a master control processing system 3, the lathe 1 are equipped with a main shaft 11 and a knife rest 12, the main shaft 11 Front and back end is arranged with a bearing 13 respectively, and two have been fixed by the bracket on the mutually perpendicular position in front and back end of the main shaft 11 One vibrating sensor 4 is fixed with one second vibrating sensor 5 and a temperature sensor 6 on the bearing 13;The knife rest 12 One second vibrating sensor 5 is respectively and fixedly provided in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction;A cutter 14, the knife are additionally provided on the knife rest 12 A temperature sensor 6 is fixed on tool 14;1 bottom of lathe is additionally provided with the first vibrating sensor 4;The electrical control cabinet 2 It is equipped with a voltage transmitter 7, a current transducer 8 and three current transformers 9;The lathe 1 and the electrical control cabinet 2 Corresponding circuits connection, the current transducer 8 connect with three current transformers 9, and first vibrating sensor 4, Second vibrating sensor 5, the temperature sensor 6, the voltage transmitter 7 and the current transducer 8 are connected to The master control processing system 3.
Further, two first vibrating sensors 4 in the front and back end of the main shaft 11, the first vibrating sensing described in one Device 4 is located in horizontal direction, and another first vibrating sensor 4 is located in vertical direction, by being located in horizontal direction First vibrating sensor 4 can measure the vibratory output in 11 horizontal direction of main shaft, by be located in vertical direction the One vibrating sensor 4 can measure the vibratory output in 11 vertical direction of main shaft.
Further, the master control processing system 3 is industrial personal computer, industrial personal computer (Industrial PersonalComputer, IPC) i.e. industrial control computer, it is a kind of using bus structures, production process and electromechanics is set Standby, technological equipment carries out the tool general name of Detection & Controling;Industrial personal computer has important computer attribute and feature, such as has meter Calculation machine CPU, hard disk, memory, peripheral hardware and interface, and have operating system, control network and agreement, computing capability, close friend it is man-machine Interface;The product and technology of industry control industry are very special, belong to intermediate products, be provided for other every profession and trades it is reliable, embedded, Intelligentized industrial computer.
Further, the second vibrating sensor 5 on the bearing 13 and temperature sensor 6 are an integral structure.
Further, second vibrating sensor 5 is patch magnetic-type vibrating sensor.
When the monitoring system jam, the various amounts or partial amount of the monitoring system can show with when normal condition not Same characteristic.This species diversity often includes fault message abundant.How to find this failure feature description, and using it into The detection and separation of row failure are the groundworks of fault diagnosis.In machine failure, when an error occurs, main shaft, bearing with And the vibration of knife rest will appear exception, by analyzing abnormal transient vibration signal, can diagnose the reason of being out of order and position;In addition, The abnormal conditions of Machine Tools Electric part are even more several most important indexs of accident analysis, therefore, in process of production, if Sensor is set on lathe critical component, by that relevant information acquisition and analysis in real time, can be able to achieve in lathe work shape On the basis of state, discovery failure, troubleshooting guarantee equipment safety, reliability service by taking corresponding measure.
Based on the above analysis, the present invention proposes that on-line monitoring mode implements failure monitoring and Diagnostic Strategy.In machine-building Technological experiment room remanufactures on numerically controlled lathe platform, and three main shaft, bearing and knife rest vibration signal monitoring points, Yi Jizhu is arranged Two axis frequency converter, servo-driver electric signal monitoring points carry out operation working condition on-line monitoring to lathe, pass through monitoring The prediction of information has found that it is likely that and breaks down.Meanwhile to treated, monitoring information is stored, and is mentioned for lathe life prediction It is supported for data.The program particularly suitable for Waste machine tool after remanufacturing, new equipment running safety monitoring application.
In these measurement amounts, the Relative Vibration and absolute vibration of lathe are the parameter values of most critical, below in relation to this two The simplicity of explanation explanation of a parameter value.
The first vibrating sensor 4 in the present invention is Relative Vibration sensor, the principle of Relative Vibration sensor: opposite It is that sensor is fixed on bracket when vibrating sensor vibration measuring, keeps sensor consistent with the direction of vibration of testee, work as quilt Object is surveyed in vibration, sensor records out misalignment of the testee vibrated relative to sensor by magnetic field induction, Signal is passed to receiving element by sensor simultaneously, and the displacement that the testee of vibration can be depicted changes with time song Line can calculate the parameters such as size and the frequency of displacement according to this recording curve.
The second vibrating sensor 5 in the present invention is absolute vibration sensor, the principle of absolute vibration sensor: absolute It when vibrating sensor vibration measuring, is directly anchored to sensor on the measuring point of tested vibrating object, when sensor outer housing is with tested When vibrating object is run, relative motion will be occurred with shell by the inertial mass flexibly supported, then turn the note on mass block Record pen can record the displacement amplitude of the Relative Vibration of mass elements and shell, then utilize inertial mass and shell The relational expression of Relative Vibration displacement can find out the absolute vibration displacement waveform of testee.
Software functional description:
1, data acquisition function:
In lathe operation, the front and back end horizontal direction of main shaft is acquired in the case where the sampling period that can artificially set and is hung down Histogram to vibration values, the vibration values of two bearings and temperature, knife rest tri- directions X, Y, Z on vibration values and cutter temperature Degree, voltage when electric current, the monitoring system when which runs are run, and by these data real-time depictions in computer On, form real-time curve.
2, data recording function:
The front and back end horizontal direction of main shaft and vibration values, two axis of vertical direction are recorded under the record period that can artificially set The temperature of vibration values and cutter on tri- directions X, Y, Z for the vibration values and temperature, knife rest held, when which runs Voltage when electric current, monitoring system operation.When needed, the historical record using the time as scale is called in, and is formed and is gone through History curve.
3, the fault logging function of data:
The failure logging point of parameters is set, when each parameter value of equipment is more than these fault points, is recorded The value of the failure and time.These parameters include the front and back end horizontal direction of main shaft and vibration values, the two bearings of vertical direction Vibration values and temperature, knife rest tri- directions X, Y, Z on vibration values and cutter temperature, electricity when which runs Voltage, power etc. when stream, monitoring system operation.
4, secondary data analysis can be done by the ODBC interface of software, passes through processing method signal-based, such as base In the method for oscillating or Knowledge based engineering method of wavelet transformation, such as the method based on expert system and artificial neural network is done Pre-alarm function:
Method based on signal processing is using signal model, such as correlation function, frequency spectrum, autoregressive moving average, directly Signal can be surveyed by connecing analysis, the characteristic values such as variance, amplitude, frequency be extracted, to detect the generation of failure.It is to the effect that counted Analysis, correlation analysis, frequency analysis, wavelet analysis and model analysis etc..
Method based on information knowledge refers to that the multi-source information from a certain mechanical equipment, which is subject to intelligence, to be combined to, and is generated It is more more accurate than single piece of information source, more completely estimation and judgement.Measurement number of the information of fault detection not only from sensor According to further including certain knowledge or intermediate result.Some features in relation to the system failure can be extracted using these information, then It is diagnosed in more detail by the knowledge of these fault signatures and system, judges the position of failure and the property of failure.This method A distinguishing feature be have the sensor of correlation noise be it is relevant, can significantly inhibit to make an uproar by fusion treatment Sound reduces uncertain.
By above two method, a knowledge system is formed, to equipment failure that may be present or the event that will be generated Barrier, is judged, in advance in advance to make the service life of lathe longer.By high order equilibrium, it can be worked and be added with timing monitoring Work surface quality, if exceeding the timely alert process of quality standard.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention can judge failure lathe failure that may be present or will generated in advance in advance, to allow The service life of lathe is longer;By high order equilibrium, workpiece machining surface quality can be monitored in real time, if exceeding quality mark Quasi- timely alert process.
The present invention only needs to make lathe the transformation of very little, will not have an impact to lathe itself, and control system with Machine tool numerical control system separates, and complete equipment may be moved on on other lathe and be used, and packs up and is moved to when not using conveniently and is other Ground uses.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those familiar with the art should be managed Solution, we are merely exemplary described specific embodiment, rather than for the restriction to the scope of the present invention, it is familiar with this The technical staff in field should be covered of the invention according to modification and variation equivalent made by spirit of the invention In scope of the claimed protection.

Claims (3)

1.一种再制造机床健康监测系统,其特征在于:包括一机床、一电气控制柜以及一总控制处理系统,所述机床上设有一主轴以及一刀架,所述主轴的前后端分别套设有一轴承,所述主轴的前后端互相垂直的位置上通过支架固定有两第一振动传感器,所述轴承上固定有一第二振动传感器及一温度传感器;所述刀架的X轴、Y轴及Z轴方向上均固定有一第二振动传感器;所述刀架上还设有一刀具,所述刀具上固定有一温度传感器;所述机床底部还设有第一振动传感器;所述电气控制柜上设有一电压变送器、一电流变送器以及三电流互感器;所述机床与所述电气控制柜的对应电路连接,所述电流变送器与三所述电流互感器连接,且所述第一振动传感器、所述第二振动传感器、所述温度传感器、所述电压变送器及所述电流变送器均连接至所述总控制处理系统;所述主轴的前后端中的两第一振动传感器,其一所述第一振动传感器位于水平方向上,另一所述第一振动传感器位于垂直方向上;所述第二振动传感器为贴磁式振动传感器。1. A remanufacturing machine tool health monitoring system is characterized in that: comprising a machine tool, an electrical control cabinet and a total control processing system, the machine tool is provided with a main shaft and a tool rest, the front and rear ends of the main shaft are respectively sleeved There is a bearing, the front and rear ends of the main shaft are perpendicular to each other, and two first vibration sensors are fixed through the bracket, and a second vibration sensor and a temperature sensor are fixed on the bearing; the X-axis, Y-axis and A second vibration sensor is fixed in the Z-axis direction; a tool is also arranged on the tool holder, and a temperature sensor is fixed on the tool; the bottom of the machine tool is also arranged with a first vibration sensor; the electrical control cabinet is arranged with a a voltage transmitter, a current transmitter and three current transformers; the machine tool is connected with the corresponding circuit of the electrical control cabinet, the current transmitter is connected with the three current transformers, and the first The vibration sensor, the second vibration sensor, the temperature sensor, the voltage transmitter and the current transmitter are all connected to the general control processing system; two first vibration sensors in the front and rear ends of the main shaft Sensors, wherein one of the first vibration sensors is located in the horizontal direction, and the other first vibration sensor is located in the vertical direction; the second vibration sensor is a magnetic sticking type vibration sensor. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种再制造机床健康监测系统,其特征在于:所述总控制处理系统为工控机。2 . The remanufactured machine tool health monitoring system according to claim 1 , wherein the general control processing system is an industrial computer. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种再制造机床健康监测系统,其特征在于:所述轴承上的第二振动传感器及温度传感器为一体式结构。3 . The remanufactured machine tool health monitoring system according to claim 1 , wherein the second vibration sensor and the temperature sensor on the bearing are of an integrated structure. 4 .
CN201610331590.5A 2016-05-18 2016-05-18 Remanufacturing Machine Tool Health Monitoring System Expired - Fee Related CN105807716B (en)

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CN108942406B (en) * 2018-07-12 2023-08-25 清华大学 Machine tool spindle motor power real-time monitoring system and method
CN112415947B (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-06-01 上电智联科技(江苏)有限公司 CNC machine tool data acquisition and management method and system based on DTU equipment
TWI766489B (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 Monitoring method and system for machine tool

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Granted publication date: 20190419