CN105789715A - Battery sampling and equalization circuits sharing switch array - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路。它包括：电池组，飞电容采样电路，反激式均衡电路和开关阵列；反激式均衡电路原边同名端接电池组高电压端，异名端通过MOS管Q接地；反激式均衡电路副边通过开关S3、S4连接到开关阵列上；飞电容采样电路电容C1一端连接到开关阵列上，另一端通过开关S1，S2连接到ADC上；本发明能实现飞电容采样电路和反激式均衡电路开关阵列分时复用，减少电路开关数量、控制逻辑复杂度及制造成本。
The invention proposes a battery sampling equalization circuit with a shared switch array. It includes: a battery pack, a flying capacitor sampling circuit, a flyback equalization circuit and a switch array; the primary end of the flyback equalization circuit is connected to the high voltage end of the battery pack, and the opposite end is grounded through the MOS tube Q; the flyback equalization circuit The secondary side is connected to the switch array through the switches S3 and S4; one end of the capacitor C1 of the flying capacitor sampling circuit is connected to the switch array, and the other end is connected to the ADC through the switches S1 and S2; the present invention can realize the flying capacitor sampling circuit and the flyback type The balance circuit switch array is time-division multiplexed, reducing the number of circuit switches, control logic complexity and manufacturing cost.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明型涉及电池管理系统领域，尤其涉及一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路，实现了飞电容采样电路和反激式均衡电路开关阵列分时复用，减少了电路开关数量及制造成本，降低了控制逻辑复杂度。 The present invention relates to the field of battery management systems, in particular to a battery sampling equalization circuit sharing a switch array, which realizes the time-division multiplexing of the flying capacitor sampling circuit and the flyback equalization circuit switch array, reduces the number of circuit switches and manufacturing costs, Reduced control logic complexity.
背景技术 Background technique
随着世界经济的飞速发展和人民生活水平的日益提高，全世界汽车保有量正在日益增多，汽车数量的急剧增加带来了严重的环境问题；研究表明，近几年来大气污染物中，73.5％的碳氢化合物、63.4％的一氧化碳和46％的氮氧化合物来自于汽车尾气。 With the rapid development of the world economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the number of cars in the world is increasing day by day, and the sharp increase in the number of cars has brought serious environmental problems; research shows that in recent years, 73.5% of air pollutants Of the hydrocarbons, 63.4% of carbon monoxide and 46% of nitrogen oxides come from automobile exhaust.
鉴于严重的环境问题和能源危机，世界各国正在大力调整能源结构，新能源汽车正是能源结构调整重要的领域之一。新能源电动汽车的发展面临着三大关键技术难题：整车控制器、电机控制器和电池管理系统；电压检测和电池均衡是电池管理系统中重要的两个研究领域，但目前通用解决方案是，采用飞电容采样来实现电压采集功能，采用主动均衡实现电池均衡，如凌特尔特公司的LTC3300芯片能够实现电池组进行基于变压器的双向主动电荷平衡。 In view of serious environmental problems and energy crisis, countries around the world are vigorously adjusting their energy structure, and new energy vehicles are just one of the important areas of energy structure adjustment. The development of new energy electric vehicles faces three key technical problems: vehicle controller, motor controller and battery management system; voltage detection and battery balancing are two important research areas in battery management systems, but the current general solution is , using flying capacitor sampling to realize the voltage acquisition function, and using active equalization to realize battery equalization, such as Linear Technology's LTC3300 chip can realize two-way active charge balancing based on transformers for battery packs.
这些方案虽然能够解决电池组采样均衡功能，但是这些芯片及外围电路成本很高，同时采样电路和均衡电路开关阵列数量庞大，不利于低成本实现和控制。 Although these solutions can solve the sampling and equalization function of the battery pack, the cost of these chips and peripheral circuits is very high, and the number of sampling circuits and equalization circuit switch arrays is large, which is not conducive to low-cost implementation and control.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路，减少了电池管理系统开关数量，降低了制造成本。 In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a battery sampling equalization circuit with a common switch array, which reduces the number of switches in the battery management system and reduces the manufacturing cost.
为达到以上目的，本发明采用下述技术方案： To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路，包括电池组，飞电容采样电路，反激式均衡电路和开关阵列，反激式均衡电路原边同名端接电池组高电压端，异名端通过MOS管Q接地；反激式均衡电路副边通过开关S3、S4连接到开关阵列上；飞电容采样电路电容C1一端连接到开关阵列上，另一端通过开关S1，S2连接到ADC上。 A battery sampling equalization circuit sharing a switch array, including a battery pack, a flying capacitor sampling circuit, a flyback equalization circuit and a switch array, the primary side of the flyback equalization circuit is connected to the high voltage end of the battery pack with the same name, and the opposite end is connected to the high voltage end of the battery pack through a MOS The tube Q is grounded; the secondary side of the flyback equalization circuit is connected to the switch array through the switches S3 and S4; one end of the capacitor C1 of the flying capacitor sampling circuit is connected to the switch array, and the other end is connected to the ADC through the switches S1 and S2.
进一步地，所述的开关阵列包括开关K1--K2n，开关阵列中开关K2m-1，K2m；m<＝n左侧连接到电池单元Bm上，右侧连接到采样电容C1上；开关阵列由MCU输出信号控制。 Further, the switch array includes switches K 1 --K 2n , switches K 2m-1 and K 2m in the switch array; m<=n, the left side is connected to the battery unit Bm, and the right side is connected to the sampling capacitor C1 ; The switch array is controlled by the MCU output signal.
进一步地，所述的飞电容采样电路电容C1一端连接到开关S1上，另一端连接到开关S2上；开关S1另一端连接到ADC负极，开关S2另一端连接到ADC正极。 Further, one end of the capacitor C1 of the flying capacitance sampling circuit is connected to the switch S1, and the other end is connected to the switch S2; the other end of the switch S1 is connected to the negative pole of the ADC, and the other end of the switch S2 is connected to the positive pole of the ADC.
进一步地，所述的反激式均衡电路变压器M副边异名端连接到二极管D1一端，二极管D1另一端连接到均衡电容C2一端，均衡电容C2另一端连接到变压器M副边同名端上；均衡电容C2一端连接到均衡开关S3上，另一端连接到均衡开关S4上；均衡开关S3、S4另一端连接到开关阵列上。反激式均衡电路原边MOS管Q漏极接到变压器M原边同名端上，源极接地，栅极接PWM波输入。 Further, the opposite end of the secondary side of the flyback balancing circuit transformer M is connected to one end of the diode D1, the other end of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the equalizing capacitor C2, and the other end of the equalizing capacitor C2 is connected to the same end of the secondary side of the transformer M; One end of the balancing capacitor C2 is connected to the balancing switch S3, and the other end is connected to the balancing switch S4; the other ends of the balancing switches S3 and S4 are connected to the switch array. The drain of the MOS transistor Q on the primary side of the flyback equalization circuit is connected to the same-named terminal on the primary side of the transformer M, the source is grounded, and the gate is connected to the PWM wave input.
由于电池在均衡过程中，某些电池单元会有补偿电流流过，而其他电池没有，如果在均衡时进行电压采样，补偿电流在电池内阻上的电压将严重影响采样精度，因此，在电池管理系统工作过程中，电池采样和电池均衡在时间上必须分开进行。本发明就是利用电池采样、电池均衡不能同时进行的特点，将开关阵列分时给二者使用。 During the balancing process of the battery, some battery cells will have compensation current flowing, while other batteries will not. If voltage sampling is performed during balancing, the voltage of the compensation current on the internal resistance of the battery will seriously affect the sampling accuracy. Therefore, in the battery During the working process of the management system, battery sampling and battery equalization must be performed separately in time. The present invention utilizes the characteristic that battery sampling and battery equalization cannot be carried out simultaneously, and uses the switch array time-sharingly for the two.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是： Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
通过开关阵列的复用，飞电容采样和电池均衡共用一组开关阵列，大大减少了开关数量，减轻了软件控制复杂度，减小了电路面积及制造成本。 Through the multiplexing of the switch array, the flying capacitor sampling and battery equalization share a set of switch arrays, which greatly reduces the number of switches, reduces the complexity of software control, and reduces the circuit area and manufacturing cost.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明使用的一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路的每节电池双开关的开关阵列电路图；图2为本发明使用的一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路的每节电池单开关和极性选择开关阵列电路图。 Fig. 1 is the switch array circuit diagram of every battery double switch of the battery sampling equalization circuit of a kind of shared switch array that the present invention uses; Circuit diagram of switch and polarity selection switch array.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例一： Embodiment one:
参见图1，一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路，包括电池组1，飞电容采样电路2，反激式均衡电路3和开关阵列4，所述反激式均衡电路3原边同名端接电池组1高电压端，异名端通过MOS管Q接地；反激式均衡电路3副边通过开关S3、S4连接到开关阵列4上；所述飞电容采样电路2电容C1一端连接到开关阵列4上，另一端通过开关S1，S2连接到ADC上。 Referring to Fig. 1, a battery sampling equalization circuit sharing a switch array includes a battery pack 1, a flying capacitor sampling circuit 2, a flyback equalization circuit 3 and a switch array 4, and the flyback equalization circuit 3 is terminated with the same name on the primary side The high voltage end of the battery pack 1 and the opposite end are grounded through the MOS tube Q; the secondary side of the flyback equalization circuit 3 is connected to the switch array 4 through the switches S3 and S4; one end of the capacitor C1 of the flying capacitor sampling circuit 2 is connected to the switch array 4, the other end is connected to the ADC through switches S1 and S2.
实施例二： Embodiment two:
本实施例与实施例一基本相同，特别之处是： This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the special features are:
所述的开关阵列4包括开关K1--K2n，开关阵列4中开关K2m-1和K2m，m<＝n，左侧连接到电池单元Bm上，右侧连接到采样电容C1上。 The switch array 4 includes switches K 1 --K 2n , switches K 2m-1 and K 2m in the switch array 4, m<=n, the left side is connected to the battery unit Bm, and the right side is connected to the sampling capacitor C1 .
实施例三： Embodiment three:
本实施例与实施例一基本相同，特别之处是： This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the special features are:
所述的飞电容采样电路2电容C1一端连接到开关S1上，另一端连接到开关S2上；开关S1另一端连接到ADC负极，开关S2另一端连接到ADC正极。 One end of the capacitor C1 of the flying capacitance sampling circuit 2 is connected to the switch S1, and the other end is connected to the switch S2; the other end of the switch S1 is connected to the negative pole of the ADC, and the other end of the switch S2 is connected to the positive pole of the ADC.
实施例四： Embodiment four:
本实施例与实施例一基本相同，特别之处是： This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the special features are:
所述的反激式均衡电路3变压器M副边异名端连接到二极管D1一端，二极管D1另一端连接到均衡电容C2一端，均衡电容C2另一端连接到变压器M副边同名端上；均衡电容C2一端连接到均衡开关S3上，另一端连接到均衡开关S4上；均衡开关S3、S4另一端连接到开关阵列4上；反激式均衡电路3原边MOS管Q漏极接到变压器M原边同名端上，源极接地，栅极接PWM波输入。 In the flyback equalization circuit 3, the opposite end of the secondary side of the transformer M is connected to one end of the diode D1, the other end of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the equalizing capacitor C2, and the other end of the equalizing capacitor C2 is connected to the same end of the secondary side of the transformer M; the equalizing capacitor One end of C2 is connected to the equalizing switch S3, and the other end is connected to the equalizing switch S4; the other ends of the equalizing switches S3 and S4 are connected to the switch array 4; the drain of the MOS tube Q on the primary side of the flyback equalizing circuit 3 is connected to the primary side of the transformer M On the terminal with the same name, the source is grounded, and the gate is connected to the PWM wave input.
实施例五： Embodiment five:
本实施例与实施例二基本相同，特别之处是： This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment two, and the special features are:
参见图1，示出了一种共用开关阵列的电池采样均衡电路；当进行电池电压采样时，首先，断开均衡开关S3、S4，断开开关阵列所有开关K1--K2n，断开采样开关S1、S2；其次，闭合开关K1、K2一段时间T1(T1为电容C1充电时间)；再次，断开采样开关K1、K2，闭合开关S1、S2；最后，驱动ADC对电容C1进行采样计算，完成电池单元B1的电压采样；重复以上步骤，完成对所有电池单元的电压采样。当进行电池均衡时，首先，断开采样开关S1、S2，断开开关阵列所有开关K1--K2n，断开均衡开关S3、S4；其次，根据电压采样结果，对电压最低电池Bi进行能量补充，闭合开关K2i-1，K2i，闭合均衡开关S3、S4；最后，启动反激式均衡电路，保持上述开关状态一段时间T2(T2为均衡时间)，完成电池均衡操作。 Referring to Fig. 1, it shows a battery sampling equalization circuit with a common switch array; when performing battery voltage sampling, first, turn off the equalization switches S3 and S4, turn off all the switches K 1 --K 2n of the switch array, and turn off Sampling switches S1 and S2; secondly, close switches K 1 and K 2 for a period of time T1 (T1 is the charging time of capacitor C1); thirdly, turn off sampling switches K 1 and K 2 and close switches S1 and S2; finally, drive the ADC to The capacitor C1 performs sampling calculation to complete the voltage sampling of the battery unit B1; repeat the above steps to complete the voltage sampling of all the battery units. When performing battery balancing, firstly, turn off the sampling switches S1 and S2, turn off all the switches K 1 --K 2n in the switch array, and turn off the balancing switches S3 and S4; secondly, according to the voltage sampling results, perform For energy supplementation, close the switches K 2i-1 and K 2i , close the equalization switches S3 and S4; finally, start the flyback equalization circuit, keep the above switch state for a period of time T2 (T2 is the equalization time), and complete the battery equalization operation.
参见图1，示出了一种每节电池单开关极性选择开关阵列电路图；相比图1，开关阵列4中电池选择开关为K1--Kn+1；S1--S4为电压采样极性选择开关，用来保持电池对电容充电时，保持电压上正下负；S5--S8为电池均衡极性选择开关，用来保证均衡电流从电池正向流入。当电池进行电压采样时，首先，断开开关阵列所有开关(K1--Kn+1，S1--S8)；其次，闭合电池选择开关K1，K2，电压采样极性开关S2、S3，让电池单元B1对采样电容C1充电时间T1(T1为到内容C1充电时间)；最后，驱动ADC对电容C1进行采样计算；重复以上步骤，完成对所有电池单元的电压采样。当进行电池均衡时，首先，断开开关阵列所有开关；其次，根据电压采样结果，对电压最低电池Bi进行能量补充，闭合开关Ki，Ki+1以及对应的均衡极性开关(奇数节电池闭合S6和S7，偶数节电池闭合S5和S8)；最后，启动反激式均衡电路，保持上述开关状态一段时间T2(T2为均衡时间)，完成电池均衡操作。 Referring to Fig. 1, it shows a circuit diagram of a single switch polarity selection switch array for each battery; compared with Fig. 1, the battery selection switches in the switch array 4 are K 1 - K n+1 ; S1 - S4 are voltage sampling The polarity selection switch is used to keep the voltage up positive and down negative when the battery is charging the capacitor; S5--S8 are battery equalization polarity selection switches, which are used to ensure that the equalizing current flows from the positive direction of the battery. When the battery performs voltage sampling, firstly, turn off all the switches (K 1 --K n+1 , S1 --S8) of the switch array; secondly, close the battery selection switches K 1 , K 2 , voltage sampling polarity switches S2, S3, let the battery unit B1 charge the sampling capacitor C1 for T1 (T1 is the charging time to the content C1); finally, drive the ADC to sample and calculate the capacitor C1; repeat the above steps to complete the voltage sampling of all battery cells. When performing battery balancing, firstly, all the switches of the switch array are turned off; secondly, according to the voltage sampling results, energy is supplemented to the battery Bi with the lowest voltage, and the switches K i , K i+1 and the corresponding balancing polarity switches (odd-numbered nodes) are closed. The battery closes S6 and S7, and the even-numbered battery closes S5 and S8); finally, start the flyback equalization circuit, keep the above switch state for a period of time T2 (T2 is the equalization time), and complete the battery equalization operation.
实施例六： Embodiment six:
本实施例与实施例三基本相同，特别之处是： This embodiment is basically the same as the third embodiment, and the special features are:
所述的飞电容采样电路2使用采样电容C1进行高压隔离采样，为了保证采样精度，需要计算电容充电时间T1，假设采样精度要求万分之一，T1计算如式(1)所示： The flying capacitor sampling circuit 2 uses the sampling capacitor C1 to perform high-voltage isolation sampling. In order to ensure the sampling accuracy, the capacitor charging time T1 needs to be calculated. Assuming that the sampling accuracy requires one ten-thousandth, T1 is calculated as shown in formula (1):
T1≥(ln104)τ＝9.3τ, T1≥(ln10 4 )τ=9.3τ,
τ＝2RC(1) τ=2RC(1)
其中：Uc表示电容上的电压，τ表示充电回路时间常数，UBi第i节电池的电压，R为飞电容充电回路总电阻，C表示飞电容C1值。 Among them: U c represents the voltage on the capacitor, τ represents the time constant of the charging circuit, U Bi the voltage of the i-th battery, R represents the total resistance of the flying capacitor charging circuit, and C represents the value of the flying capacitor C1.
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