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CN105788514A - 驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路和方法以及AMOLED显示器 - Google Patents

驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路和方法以及AMOLED显示器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105788514A
CN105788514A CN201410811967.8A CN201410811967A CN105788514A CN 105788514 A CN105788514 A CN 105788514A CN 201410811967 A CN201410811967 A CN 201410811967A CN 105788514 A CN105788514 A CN 105788514A
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voltage
unit
gamma
adjustment
display
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王龙
川岛进吾
朱修剑
葛明伟
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Kunshan Govisionox Optoelectronics Co Ltd
Kunshan Guoxian Photoelectric Co Ltd
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Kunshan Guoxian Photoelectric Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201410811967.8A priority Critical patent/CN105788514A/zh
Priority to KR1020177020259A priority patent/KR20170097175A/ko
Priority to JP2017533520A priority patent/JP2018509641A/ja
Priority to EP15871841.1A priority patent/EP3239970A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/096087 priority patent/WO2016101772A1/zh
Priority to TW104142751A priority patent/TWI585734B/zh
Publication of CN105788514A publication Critical patent/CN105788514A/zh
Priority to US15/539,589 priority patent/US20180268759A1/en
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
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    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
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    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3291—Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data voltage for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
    • H04N5/20—Circuitry for controlling amplitude response
    • H04N5/202—Gamma control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
    • G09G2300/0828—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a digital to analog [D/A] conversion circuit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
    • G09G2310/027—Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers handling digital grey scale data, e.g. use of D/A converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
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    • G09G2320/0233—Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0673—Adjustment of display parameters for control of gamma adjustment, e.g. selecting another gamma curve

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of El Displays (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路、Gamma电压调整方法以及AMOLED显示器，在驱动芯片的Gamma调整电路中设置数模转换单元、逻辑判断单元、电压调节单元以及Gamma产生单元，将AMOLED显示器中的驱动芯片与ELVDD电源线相连接，使得ELVDD电源电压输入至驱动芯片，数模转换单元将电压信号转换为数字信号；逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断ELVDD电源电压的变化，并生成调节信号；电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压；Gamma产生单元对Gamma电压做出调整，解决了因ELVDD电源电压变动造成的显示器亮度变化和各显示区域显示效果不均的现象，提高了显示品质。

Description

驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路和方法以及AMOLED显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及平板显示领域，具体涉及一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路和方法以及主动阵列有机发光显示器。
背景技术
主动阵列有机发光显示器(AMOLED)是主动发光器件。相比现在的主流平板显示技术薄膜晶体管液晶显示器(TFT-LCD)，AMOLED显示器具有高对比度、广视角、低功耗、厚度更薄等优点。
图1为传统的AMOLED显示器的结构示意图，如图1所示，AMOLED显示器包含显示区域1以及包围显示区域1的非显示区域2，在显示区域1内设置有若干规则排列的像素单元3，在非显示区域2上设置有驱动芯片(DriverIC)4，所述驱动芯片4用以向所述像素单元3提供驱动信号。AMOLED显示器的点亮需要ELVDD和ELVSS两个电源电压，这两个电源电压由电源芯片(powerIC)5提供。然而，由于线路阻抗6、电源芯片5不稳定以及温度变化等原因，会导致ELVDD发生变化。
图2为传统的AMOLED显示器中像素电路结构示意图，发光二极管OLED的亮度由通过发光二极管OLED的电流控制，从图2中可以看出ELVDD的变动会直接影响通过OLED的电流，从而影响发光二极管OLED的亮度，可知，ELVDD的变动会造成显示器亮度变化或各区域显示效果不一致。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路和Gamma电压调整方法以及AMOLED显示器，以解决由于ELVDD的变动造成的显示器亮度变化或各区域显示效果不一致的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路，所述电路包括数模转换单元、逻辑判断单元、电压调节单元以及Gamma产生单元；所述数模转换单元将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至所述逻辑判断单元；所述逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至所述电压调节单元；所述电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压，并传送至所述Gamma产生单元；所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整。
可选的，所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压。
可选的，还包括滤波单元，过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的噪声，并传送至所述数模转换单元。
相应的，本发明还提供一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整方法，所述方法包括：
所述数模转换单元将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至逻辑判断单元；
所述逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至电压调节单元；
所述电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压，并传送至Gamma产生单元；
所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整。
可选的，所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压。
可选的，在所述数模转换单元转换电压信号之前还包括：滤波单元过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的噪声，并传送至数模转换单元。
相应的，本发明还提供一种AMOLED显示器，包括：
显示面板以及驱动芯片，用于向所述显示面板提供驱动信号，所述驱动芯片安装于所述显示面板上，所述驱动芯片包括上述的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路。
可选的，所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压。
可选的，所述显示面板包含显示区以及包围所述显示区的非显示区，所述显示区上设置有若干个像素单元，利用电源芯片通过ELVDD电源线向所述像素单元提供ELVDD电源电压。
可选的，在所述显示面板的非显示区内所述驱动芯片与所述ELVDD电源线相连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路和Gamma电压调整方法以及AMOLED显示器的有益效果如下：
1、本发明在驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路中设置数模转换单元、逻辑判断单元、电压调节单元以及Gamma产生单元；所述数模转换单元将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至所述逻辑判断单元；所述逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至所述电压调节单元；所述电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压，并传送至所述Gamma产生单元；所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整，降低了由于输入电压的变化造成的影响；
2、本发明将AMOLED显示器中的驱动芯片与ELVDD电源线相连接，使得ELVDD电源电压输入至驱动芯片，通过驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路将ELVDD电源电压的变化传送至Gamma产生单元，Gamma产生单元对Gamma电压做出调整，以抵消ELVDD电源电压的变化，解决了因ELVDD电源电压变动造成的显示器亮度变化和各显示区域显示效果不均的现象，提高了显示品质。
附图说明
图1为传统的AMOLED显示器的结构示意图。
图2为传统的AMOLED显示器中像素电路结构示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例提供的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路的结构示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例提供的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整方法的流程图。
图5为本发明一实施例提供的AMOLED显示器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的内容更加清楚易懂，以下结合说明书附图，对本发明的内容做进一步说明。当然本发明并不局限于该具体实施例，本领域的技术人员所熟知的一般替换也涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
其次，本发明利用示意图进行了详细的表述，在详述本发明实例时，为了便于说明，示意图不依照一般比例局部放大，不应对此作为本发明的限定。
本发明的核心思想在于，在驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路中设置数模转换单元、逻辑判断单元、电压调节单元以及Gamma产生单元；所述数模转换单元将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至所述逻辑判断单元；所述逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至所述电压调节单元；所述电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压，并传送至所述Gamma产生单元；所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整，降低了由于输入电压的变化造成的影响。
请参考图3，其为本发明实施例一所提供的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路的结构示意图。如图3所示，所述驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路包括：数模转换单元12、逻辑判断单元13、电压调节单元14以及Gamma产生单元15；所述数模转换单元12将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至所述逻辑判断单元13；所述逻辑判断单元13根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至所述电压调节单元14；所述电压调节单元14生成相应的调节电压，并传送至所述Gamma产生单元15；所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压15对Gamma电压做出调整。
所述驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路还包括滤波单元11，所述滤波单元11过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的噪声，并传送至所述数模转换单元12；本实施例中，所述滤波单元11为低频滤波单元，用于过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的高频部分噪声。
所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压，所述ELVDD电源电压在传输至像素电路的过程中，由于线路阻抗、电源芯片不稳定、温度变化等原因会造成ELVDD电源电压的不断变化，而所述驱动芯片的Gamma调整电路将ELVDD电源电压的变化传送至Gamma产生单元15，所述Gamma产生单元15对Gamma电压做出调整，输出稳定的Gamma电压，由此降低由于ELVDD电源电压的变化造成的影响。
相应的，本发明还提供一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整方法，请参考图4，其为本发明一实施例所提供的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整方法的流程图，结合图3与图4，所述的方法包括：
步骤S01：所述数模转换单元12将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至逻辑判断单元13；
步骤S02：所述逻辑判断单元13根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至电压调节单元14；
步骤S03：所述电压调节单元14生成相应的调节电压，并传送至Gamma产生单元15；
步骤S04：所述Gamma产生15单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整。
在步骤S01中，在所述数模转换单元12转换电压信号之前还包括：滤波单元11过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的噪声，并传送至数模转换单元12；本实施例中，所述滤波单元11为低频滤波单元，过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的高频部分噪声。
所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压，所述ELVDD电源电压在传输至像素电路的过程中，由于线路阻抗、电源芯片不稳定、温度变化等原因会造成ELVDD电源电压的不断变化，而所述驱动芯片的Gamma调整电路将ELVDD电源电压的变化传送至Gamma产生单元15，所述Gamma产生单元15对Gamma电压做出调整，输出稳定的Gamma电压，由此降低由于ELVDD电源电压的变化造成的影响。
相应的，本发明还提供一种AMOLED显示器，请参考图5，其为本发明一实施例所提供的AMOLED显示器的结构示意图，如图5所示，所述AMOLED显示器包括显示面板20以及用于向所述显示面板20提供驱动信号的驱动芯片21，所述驱动芯片21安装于所述显示面板20上，所述驱动芯片21包括上述的驱动芯片的Gamma调整电路。
本实施例中，通过压接的方法将所述驱动芯片21压接于所述显示面板20的端子部，所述驱动芯片21通过与端子部连接的金属线向所述显示面板20提供驱动信号。
所述显示面板20包含显示区22以及包围显示区22的非显示区23，所述显示区上设置有若干个像素单元24，电源芯片30通过ELVDD电源线31向所述像素单元24提供ELVDD电源电压，通过ELVSS电源线32向所述像素单元24提供ELVSS电源电压。在所述显示面板20的非显示区23内，所述驱动芯片21与所述ELVDD电源线31相连接；位于所述显示面板20上的ELVDD电源线31与ELVSS电源线32为金属线，可以与所述显示面板20中阵列(TFT)基板内的任意一层金属层一起制作。
电源芯片30通过ELVDD电源线31向所述像素单元24提供ELVDD电源电压的同时，也将ELVDD电源电压输入至所述驱动芯片21中的Gamma调整电路，请结合图3与图5，所述滤波单元11过滤所述驱动芯片21的ELVDD电源电压中的噪声，并传送至所述数模转换单元12；所述数模转换单元12将过滤后的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至所述逻辑判断单元13；所述逻辑判断单元13根据所述数字信号判断ELVDD电源电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至所述电压调节单元14；所述电压调节单元14生成相应的调节电压，并传送至所述Gamma产生单元15；所述Gamma产生单元15根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整，向显示面板30输出稳定的Gamma电压，以抵消ELVDD电源电压的变化，解决了因ELVDD电源电压变动造成的显示器亮度变化和各显示区域显示效果不均的现象，提高了显示品质。
在上述实施例中，在所述显示面板20的非显示区23内所述驱动芯片21与所述ELVDD电源线相连接，所述驱动芯片的Gamma调整电路可以降低由于ELVDD电源电压的变化造成的影响，解决了因ELVDD电源电压变动造成的显示器亮度变化和各显示区域显示效果不均的现象，提高了显示品质；可以理解的是，所述驱动芯片的Gamma调整电路也可以用来降低其余的输入电压的变化，例如ELVSS电源电压，或者直接由驱动芯片提供给显示面板的电压。
综上所述，本发明在驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路中设置数模转换单元、逻辑判断单元、电压调节单元以及Gamma产生单元；所述数模转换单元将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至所述逻辑判断单元；所述逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至所述电压调节单元；所述电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压，并传送至所述Gamma产生单元；所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整，降低了由于输入电压的变化造成的影响；本发明将AMOLED显示器中的驱动芯片与ELVDD电源线相连接，使得ELVDD电源电压输入至驱动芯片，通过驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路将ELVDD电源电压的变化传送至Gamma产生单元，Gamma产生单元对Gamma电压做出调整，以抵消ELVDD电源电压的变化，解决了因ELVDD电源电压变动造成的显示器亮度变化和各显示区域显示效果不均的现象，提高了显示品质。
上述描述仅是对本发明较佳实施例的描述，并非对本发明范围的任何限定，本发明领域的普通技术人员根据上述揭示内容做的任何变更、修饰，均属于权利要求书的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路，其特征在于，所述电路包括数模转换单元、逻辑判断单元、电压调节单元以及Gamma产生单元；所述数模转换单元将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至所述逻辑判断单元；所述逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至所述电压调节单元；所述电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压，并传送至所述Gamma产生单元；所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路，其特征在于，所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压。
3.如权利要求1所述的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路，其特征在于，还包括滤波单元，用以过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的噪声，并将过滤后的输入电压传送至所述数模转换单元。
4.一种驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
所述数模转换单元将所述驱动芯片输入电压的电压信号转换为数字信号，并传送至逻辑判断单元；
所述逻辑判断单元根据所述数字信号判断输入电压的变化，并生成调节信号传送至电压调节单元；
所述电压调节单元生成相应的调节电压，并传送至Gamma产生单元；
所述Gamma产生单元根据所述调节电压对Gamma电压做出调整。
5.如权利要求4所述的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整方法，其特征在于，所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压。
6.如权利要求4所述的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整方法，其特征在于，在所述数模转换单元转换电压信号之前还包括：
滤波单元过滤所述驱动芯片的输入电压中的噪声，并将过滤后的输入电压传送至数模转换单元。
7.一种AMOLED显示器，其特征在于，所述显示器包括显示面板以及用于向所述显示面板提供驱动信号的驱动芯片，所述驱动芯片安装于所述显示面板上，所述驱动芯片包括如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的驱动芯片的Gamma电压调整电路。
8.如权利要求7所述的AMOLED显示器，其特征在于，所述输入电压为ELVDD电源电压。
9.如权利要求8所述的AMOLED显示器，其特征在于，所述显示面板包含显示区以及包围所述显示区的非显示区，所述显示区上设置有若干个像素单元，利用电源芯片通过ELVDD电源线向所述像素单元提供ELVDD电源电压。
10.如权利要求9所述的AMOLED显示器，其特征在于，在所述显示面板的非显示区内所述驱动芯片与所述ELVDD电源线相连接。
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