CN105783826A - Setting out method for fast determining position of setting out point of large three-dimensional physical model - Google Patents
Setting out method for fast determining position of setting out point of large three-dimensional physical model Download PDFInfo
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- CN105783826A CN105783826A CN201610321709.0A CN201610321709A CN105783826A CN 105783826 A CN105783826 A CN 105783826A CN 201610321709 A CN201610321709 A CN 201610321709A CN 105783826 A CN105783826 A CN 105783826A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
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Abstract
The invention relates to a setting out method for fast determining the position of a setting out point of a large three-dimensional physical model. The method includes the following steps that: step 1, setting out base points are arranged; step 2, three setting out base points are selected to carry out setting out; step 3, the three-dimensional coordinates (xb, yb, zb) of the setting out base points selected in the step 2 under a three-dimensional coordinate system are measured; step 4, the distances (D1, D2 and D3) from each setting out base point in the three setting out base points to a target setting out point Mi are calculated; and step 4, the position of the setting out point is determined, and setting out is carried out. With the setting out method for fast determining the position of the setting out point of the large three-dimensional physical model provided by the invention adopted, fast determination of the setting out point can be completed without a total station instrument required, and setting out procedures can be greatly simplified, and a point determination process is simple and fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurement and positioning technical field being applied to the test of large-scale ground (geology) three-dimensional physical model, especially a kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position.
Background technology
Physical experiments is the important technical of research Rock And Soil (or geologic body) mechanical characteristic, deformation characteristic, and the physical dimension ratio of physical model and prototypical object is called geometric similarity ratio or the scale of physical model.Scale is more big, and the ratio that model reduces is more little, and model is closer to prototype, is more conducive to obtaining the test data close to prototype.Therefore after determining prototype Rock And Soil (or geologic body) to be studied, it is often desirable that the test platform size holding test model is the bigger the better.The size of the domestic three-dimensional physical model test platform built is also increasing, size such as the threedimensional model all-around test stand of Zhejiang University is 10m (length) × 5m (width) × 6m (height), and the large-scale three dimensional model test platform size of SanXia University's building and architecture institute reaches 12m (length) × 6m (width) × 6m (height).At two and it is referred to as large-scale three dimensional model with threedimensional model more than 5 meters upward above commonly referred to as physical dimension.
Hold the test platform of above-mentioned large-scale three dimensional physical model due to size relatively larger, it is fixing abutment wall that its version is usually four limits, can open the door for passing in and out or observation window, and upper space is open, the box of shape such as uncovered.Because threedimensional model is larger in size, current modelling setting-out is frequently with the method for field lofting in engineering construction, and setting-out work great majority are based on total powerstation and realize.In practical operation, it has been found that existing method exists many weak points:
(1) a selection difficult problem for basic point
Utilizing total powerstation to carry out the location of spatial point firstly the need of a basic point, the point of there is a need to setting-out is required for converting to the distance and bearing angle of this basic point just can carry out setting-out fixed point, and in setting-out process, total powerstation to be placed on basic point all the time.
If this basic point is arranged in model groove, model slot space can be tied up, in process of the test, it is also difficult to protection basic point is not damaged, so when carrying out the parallel contrast test organizing same model, be difficult to obtain identical threedimensional model with this setting out method more.If basic point is arranged on outside model groove, possible position can only be the upper space of model groove, when setting-out, the necessary run-home downwards of the alidade (telescope) of total powerstation, and inclination angle is generally not capable of more than 45 ° downwards, total powerstation is therefore adopted to have viewing blind zone from the top setting-out of model groove.If setting-out region is at model trench bottom, and model groove is relatively deep, and blind area scope even can more than 50%.
(2) operating process poor efficiency
Adopt total powerstation setting-out, the position of each point will be converted to setting-out key element, it is simply that the distance and bearing angle of layout point relative total powerstation place basic point.According to this distance and bearing angle during setting-out, first prism is disposed for the first time, angle measurement of then finding range, in the offset distance and the direction that calculate impact point and the first installation position of prism according to this measured distance and azimuth.After determining aiming spot, then by prisms elevation between impact point, measuring target point and basic point, then calculating model at that point according to impact point setting-out elevation and existing elevation should increase the height of (or reduction).Whole setting-out flow path efficiency is very low, and setting-out difficult quality controls.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position, it is not necessary to use total powerstation can complete quickly determining of layout point, enormously simplify setting-out flow process, and fixed point process is simple and quick.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position, and the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: arrange setting-out basic point: the top edge at the test platform holding large-scale three dimensional physical model arranges that at least three is in the setting-out basic point of same elevation；
Step 2: select three setting-out basic points to carry out setting-out: selecting three setting-out basic points to carry out setting-out from the setting-out basic point that step 1 is arranged, three interior angles of the benchmark triangle that three selected setting-out basic points are constituted all are not less than 30 °；
Step 3: using the length, width and height direction of test platform as three change in coordinate axis direction of three-dimensional system of coordinate, each setting-out basic point that measuring process 2 is selected three-dimensional coordinate (x in described three-dimensional system of coordinateb,yb,zb)；
Step 4: the three-dimensional coordinate (x under the test platform three-dimensional system of coordinate become step 3 to determine the Coordinate Conversion of large-scale three dimensional physical model internal object layout point Mii,yi,zi),
According to formula
Respectively each setting-out basic point in three setting-out basic points of calculation procedure 3 is to the distance (D between target layout point Mi1, D2, D3)；
Step 4: determine layout point position, carry out setting-out: adopt the method for Distance Intersection to determine the locus of layout point, during setting-out, three the setting-out basic points selected from step 2 draw three setting-out bracing wires respectively, the termination of three setting-out bracing wires is connected on same setting-out annulus, the radius of described setting-out annulus is R, when the length of three setting-out bracing wire pull-outs respectively reaches D1-R, D2-R, D3During-R, described setting-out circle Ring current distribution is the setting-out position of large-scale three dimensional physical model internal object layout point Mi, can carry out setting-out.
The radius of setting-out annulus is less than 10 millimeters.
In step 4, the in good time length of three setting-out bracing wire pull-outs is by the stay-supported type displacement sensor measurement being installed on outside test platform.
Measuring method is:
Step 4-1: each setting-out base position of determining of the step 1 of upper edge of test platform be respectively mounted lead plate, lead plate is offered the fairlead steel wire pull line turnover for the stay-supported type displacement sensor being installed on outside test platform, namely the position of each fairlead is the position of each setting-out basic point, and stay-supported type displacement sensor is connected with computer by wire；
Step 4-2: determined the steel wire pull line initial value of stay-supported type displacement sensor by fixed point labelling: arrange multiple fixed point labelling on the abutment wall of test platform, selects one of them fixed point labelling as the fixed point labelling of single setting-out；
Step 4-3: setting-out annulus is pulled to the fixed point labelling of single setting-out selected by step 4-2, setting-out annulus is connected with the termination of three steel wire pull line of stay-supported type displacement sensor, three steel wire pull line are each passed through the fairlead of three setting-out basic points selected by step 2, guarantee that bracing wire is tight, by the shift value (L of stay-supported type displacement sensor on lower three the setting-out basic points of this state under computer recording10, L20, L30)；
Step 4-4: after entering setting-out state, the shift value (L that stay-supported type displacement sensor Real-time Collection arrives1, L2, L3) deduct the shift value (L that step 4-3 timing signal is recorded10, L20, L30), add the distance (D to the fixed point labelling of the single setting-out selected by step 4-2 of three the setting-out basic points selected by step 2s1, Ds2, Ds3), namely obtain the in good time length of setting-out bracing wire pull-out corresponding to each steel wire pull line.
The abutment wall top of test platform is provided with computer display.
A kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position provided by the invention, has the beneficial effect that:
1, without using total powerstation can complete quickly determining of layout point, enormously simplify setting-out flow process, setting-out key element (the distance D to three setting-out basic points of all layout point before the fixed point simple and quick pattern layout of process1, D2, D3) all calculate workflow that is complete, that do not recalculate in setting-out process；
2, adopting three linear distance Cross location, fixed point process is simple and quick；
3, basic point is in model test platform upper space, and model test interference is few, is beneficial to the protection of basic point.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the inventive method, and full-scale model test platform is model groove version；
Fig. 2 is scheme of installation during the inventive method use stay-supported type displacement sensor；
Fig. 3 is that in the inventive method step 4, the termination of three setting-out bracing wires is connected to the schematic diagram on same setting-out annulus；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the fixed point labelling that setting-out annulus is pulled in step 4-3 of the present invention single setting-out selected by step 4-2.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, the test platform 1 holding large-scale three dimensional physical model generally adopts the structure of model groove, namely model platform four sides is abutment wall, top is open, the normally opened cleaning door being available for people's turnover on abutment wall, often setting up falsework around model groove, testing crew can from observing and nursing process of the test above model trough rim wall.
A kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position, the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: arrange setting-out basic point 2: the top edge at the test platform 1 holding large-scale three dimensional physical model arranges that at least three is in the setting-out basic point 2 of same elevation；
Step 2: select three setting-out basic points 2 to carry out setting-out: selecting three setting-out basic points 2 to carry out setting-out from the setting-out basic point 2 that step 1 is arranged, three interior angles of the benchmark triangle 3 that three selected setting-out basic points 2 are constituted all are not less than 30 °；
Step 3: using the length, width and height direction of test platform 1 as three change in coordinate axis direction of three-dimensional system of coordinate, each setting-out basic point 2 that measuring process 2 is selected three-dimensional coordinate x in described three-dimensional system of coordinateb,yb,zb；
Step 4: the three-dimensional coordinate (x under the test platform three-dimensional system of coordinate become step 3 to determine the Coordinate Conversion of large-scale three dimensional physical model internal object layout point Mii,yi,zi),
According to formula
Each setting-out basic point 2 in three setting-out basic points 2 of calculation procedure 3 arrives the distance D between target layout point Mi respectively1, D2, D3；
Step 4: determine layout point position, carry out setting-out: adopt the method for Distance Intersection to determine the locus of layout point, during setting-out, three the setting-out basic points 2 selected from step 2 draw three setting-out bracing wires 4 respectively, the termination of three setting-out bracing wires 4 is connected on same setting-out annulus 7 (as shown in Figure 3), the radius of described setting-out annulus 7 is R, when the length of three setting-out bracing wire 4 pull-outs respectively reaches D1-R, D2-R, D3During-R, the center of described setting-out annulus 7 is the setting-out position of large-scale three dimensional physical model internal object layout point Mi, can carry out setting-out.
The radius of setting-out annulus 7 is less than 10 millimeters.
In step 4, the in good time length of three setting-out bracing wire 4 pull-outs is measured by the stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 being installed on outside test platform 1, and its mounting means is as shown in Figure 2.
Measuring method is:
Step 4-1: each setting-out basic point 2 position of determining of the step 1 of abutment wall 13 upper edge of test platform 1 be respectively mounted lead plate 12, offering fairlead 9 on lead plate 12 supplies the steel wire pull line 10 being installed on the stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 outside test platform 1 to pass in and out, namely the position of each fairlead 9 is the position of each setting-out basic point 2, and stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 is connected with computer by holding wire 14；
Step 4-2: determined steel wire pull line 10 initial value of stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 by fixed point labelling: arrange multiple fixed point labelling 5 on the abutment wall of test platform 1, selects one of them fixed point labelling as the fixed point labelling 11 of single setting-out；
Step 4-3: setting-out annulus 7 is pulled to the fixed point labelling 11 of single setting-out selected by step 4-2, setting-out annulus 7 is connected with the termination of three steel wire pull line 10 of stay-supported type displacement sensor 8, three steel wire pull line 10 are each passed through the fairlead (as shown in Figure 4) of three setting-out basic points 2 selected by step 2, guarantee that bracing wire is tight, by the shift value L of stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 on lower three the setting-out basic points 2 of this state under computer recording10, L20, L30；
Step 4-4: after entering setting-out state, the shift value L that stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 Real-time Collection arrives1, L2, L3Deduct the shift value L that step 4-3 timing signal is recorded10, L20, L30, add the distance D to the fixed point labelling 11 of the single setting-out selected by step 4-2 of three the setting-out basic points 2 selected by step 2s1, Ds2, Ds3, namely obtain the in good time length of setting-out bracing wire 4 pull-out of each steel wire pull line 10 correspondence.
The abutment wall top of test platform 1 is provided with computer display 6, it is possible to observes that each steel wire pull line 10 length changes in time, facilitates testing crew to judge the direction of impact point.
Claims (5)
1. the setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position, it is characterised in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: arrange setting-out basic point (2): the top edge at the test platform (1) holding large-scale three dimensional physical model arranges that at least three is in the setting-out basic point (2) of same elevation；
Step 2: select three setting-out basic points (2) to carry out setting-out: selecting three setting-out basic points (2) to carry out setting-out from the setting-out basic point (2) that step 1 is arranged, three interior angles of the benchmark triangle (3) that three selected setting-out basic points (2) are constituted all are not less than 30 °；
Step 3: using the length, width and height direction of test platform (1) as three change in coordinate axis direction of three-dimensional system of coordinate, each setting-out basic point (2) three-dimensional coordinate (x in described three-dimensional system of coordinate that measuring process 2 is selectedb,yb,zb)；
Step 4: the three-dimensional coordinate (x under the test platform three-dimensional system of coordinate become step 3 to determine the Coordinate Conversion of large-scale three dimensional physical model internal object layout point Mii,yi,zi),
According to formula
Respectively each setting-out basic point (2) in three setting-out basic points (2) of calculation procedure 3 is to the distance (D between target layout point Mi1, D2, D3)；
Step 4: determine layout point position, carry out setting-out: adopt the method for Distance Intersection to determine the locus of layout point, during setting-out, three the setting-out basic points (2) selected from step 2 draw three setting-out bracing wires (4) respectively, the termination of three setting-out bracing wires (4) is connected on same setting-out annulus (7), the radius of described setting-out annulus (7) is R, and the length pulled out when three setting-out bracing wires (4) respectively reaches D1-R, D2-R, D3During-R, the setting-out position that center is large-scale three dimensional physical model internal object layout point Mi of described setting-out annulus (7), setting-out can be carried out.
2. a kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the radius of setting-out annulus (7) is less than 10 millimeters.
3. a kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 1, it is characterised in that stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) measurement that the in good time length that in step 4, three setting-out bracing wires (4) pull out is outside by being installed on test platform (1).
4. a kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 3, it is characterised in that measuring method is:
Step 4-1: each setting-out basic point (2) position of determining of the step 1 of upper edge of test platform (1) be respectively mounted lead plate (12), lead plate (12) is offered fairlead (9) for steel wire pull line (10) turnover being installed on the outside stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) of test platform (1), the position of each fairlead (9) is namely the position of each setting-out basic point (2), and stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) is connected with computer by wire；
Step 4-2: determined steel wire pull line (10) initial value of stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) by fixed point labelling: arrange multiple fixed point labelling (5) on the abutment wall of test platform (1), selects one of them fixed point labelling as the fixed point labelling (11) of single setting-out；
Step 4-3: setting-out annulus (7) is pulled to the fixed point labelling (11) of single setting-out selected by step 4-2, setting-out annulus (7) is connected with the termination of three steel wire pull line (10) of stay-supported type displacement sensor (8), three steel wire pull line (10) are each passed through the fairlead of three setting-out basic points (2) selected by step 2, guarantee that bracing wire is tight, by the shift value (L of the upper stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) of lower three the setting-out basic points (2) of this state under computer recording10, L20, L30)；
Step 4-4: after entering setting-out state, the shift value (L that stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) Real-time Collection arrives1, L2, L3) deduct the shift value (L that step 4-3 timing signal is recorded10, L20, L30), add the distance (D to the fixed point labelling (11) of the single setting-out selected by step 4-2 of three the setting-out basic points (2) selected by step 2s1, Ds2, Ds3), namely obtain the in good time length that setting-out bracing wire (4) corresponding to each steel wire pull line (10) pulls out.
5. a kind of setting out method quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the abutment wall top of test platform (1) is provided with computer display (6).
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Cited By (2)
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| CN106546229A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-29 | 中国葛洲坝集团第工程有限公司 | A kind of surveying and locating method for being easy to floor manager |
| CN109300381A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2019-02-01 | 大连大学 | Stakeout Method for Coordinate Surveying with Total Station |
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