CN105772235B - a cyclone separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of cyclone separator, including columnar separator inner cylinder and separator outer barrel, and return flow line is formed between the separator inner cylinder and outer barrel；The separator inner cylinder bottom is sequentially provided with coaxial close-connected eddy flow and two grades of whirlwind generators；The separator inner cylinder different height is provided with the backflash being arranged circumferentially, and the cyclone separator bottom is provided with discharge opeing (ash) device.The present invention carries out two stage cyclone separation by setting eddy flow, return flow line and two grades of whirlwind generator pressure air-flows, can effectively improve the separative efficiency of impurities in airflow.

Description

a cyclone separator

technical field

The invention relates to the field of centrifugal separation equipment, in particular to a cyclone separator with two-stage separation.

Background technique

The cyclone separator has simple structure, low manufacturing and maintenance costs, good flexibility, wide application area, high separation efficiency, and can meet the needs of different production. Therefore, in the fields of gas purification, environmental protection, industrial operation, etc., cyclone separators are usually used to separate gases and impurities.

According to the flow of the airflow in the cyclone separator, the cyclone separator can be divided into countercurrent reverse type and direct flow type. The direct-flow cyclone separator's air intake is rotated by the axial guide vanes to force the airflow to rotate, so it is also called an axial flow cyclone separator.

The axial flow cyclone separator eliminates the internal vortex flow existing in the traditional reverse flow reverse cyclone separator, and reduces the pressure loss of operation, so it can handle a large amount of gas. And the axial flow cyclone separator does not change the main movement direction of the airflow, so it is easy to connect and install with the pipeline, so its application is more and more extensive. However, the separation efficiency of the axial flow cyclone separator for gas and impurities is lower than that of the reverse flow reverse cyclone separator. Moreover, the existing axial flow cyclone separator does not have an additional filter layer, the separated impurities cannot be discharged in time, there is a problem of secondary entrainment between the gas and impurities, and the separation is not complete, which reduces the separation efficiency of the axial flow cyclone separator .

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the existing cyclone separator, and provide a cyclone separator with two-stage separation, which can improve the efficiency of separating gas and impurities.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The cyclone separator includes an air outlet, a separation assembly, an air inlet, and a device for discharging liquid and ash arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the separation assembly includes a separator inner cylinder and a separator outer cylinder arranged outside the separator inner cylinder , the air inlet is connected to the lower end of the separation assembly, the air outlet is connected to the upper end of the separation assembly, there is a gap between the outer cylinder of the separator and the inner cylinder of the separator as a return passage, and the outer cylinder of the separator is provided with a The airflow that enters the air along the axial direction of the air inlet produces a first-stage centrifugal separation cyclone in the inner cylinder of the separator, and a second-stage centrifugal separation of the airflow returned through the return channel after the first-stage centrifugal separation treatment. The generator, the device for draining liquid and ash are connected with the secondary cyclone generator.

The separator inner cylinder and the separator outer cylinder adopt a coaxial nesting arrangement.

The cyclone separator also includes an inlet flange and an outlet flange, the air inlet is located on the inlet flange, the air outlet is located on the outlet flange, and the air outlet and the air inlet are respectively connected to the inner cylinder of the separator. The upper and lower ends of are correspondingly connected.

Backflow grooves uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are respectively arranged at different heights on the inner cylinder of the separator, and the backflow channel communicates with the inner cylinder of the separator through the backflow grooves.

The swirl is arranged at the lower end of the inner cylinder of the separator, and the swirl is closely connected coaxially with the inner cylinder of the separator, and the outer wall surface of the swirl is connected to the outer cylinder of the separator. There is a gap between them.

The secondary cyclone generator includes a hollow inner shaft, several diversion passages arranged at intervals, and a cylindrical wall arranged outside the diversion passage, and the cylindrical wall is connected to the outer surface of the swirler. The walls are closely connected coaxially, one end of the diversion channel communicates with the inner shaft, and the other end communicates with the diversion hole provided on the cylindrical wall, and the cylindrical wall is separated from the There is a gap between the outer cylinders of the device, and the upper end of the inner shaft is connected with the impeller shaft having an axial hollow structure of the swirler.

The guide channels are evenly arranged along the tangential direction of the inner shaft.

The inner shaft is provided with a secondary cyclone guide tube connected to the blade shaft, and there is a gap between the secondary cyclone guide tube and the inner shaft, and the upper end of the gap is sealed.

The inner cylinder of the separator is provided with a first-stage cyclone guide pipe connected to the upper end of the blade shaft, so that clean low-pressure gas can be more easily discharged from the air outlet of the cyclone separator.

The device for draining liquid and ash is connected with the lower end of the inner shaft.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in that: the cyclone separator of the present invention utilizes the cyclone, the return channel and the secondary cyclone generator to force the airflow to perform two-stage cyclone separation, and the return tank and the liquid (ash) device can be used to timely export The separated impurities can therefore significantly improve the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator for impurities in the airflow.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of axial flow cyclone separator in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is the front view of the cyclone separator of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the cyclone separator of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the three-dimensional structure of the cyclone separator of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the separator inner cylinder of the cyclone separator of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is under two kinds of typical inlet speeds, the numerical simulation result of the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator of the present invention to particles of different diameters;

Fig. 7 is the experimental result of the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator of the present invention to impurities at different inlet velocities;

In the figure: 1. Drainage (ash) pipe; 2. Drainage (ash) bucket; 3. Inlet flange; 4. Primary cyclone separation area; 5. Separator outer cylinder; 6. Outlet flange; 7. Air inlet; 8. Second-level cyclone guide tube; 9. First-level cyclone guide tube; 10. Bolt holes; 11. Return channel; 12. Separator inner cylinder; 13. Air outlet; 14. Return groove; 15. Swirler; 16. Sealing ring; 17. Secondary cyclone generator; 18. Diversion hole; 19. Diversion channel; 20. Cylindrical wall; 21. Blade; 22. Blade shaft; 23. Inner shaft ; 24. Secondary cyclone separation zone.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

Referring to Figure 1, the existing axial flow cyclone separator usually adopts one-stage separation, and there is a problem that the separated impurities cannot be discharged in time, which reduces the separation efficiency of the axial flow cyclone separator. Therefore, the present invention proposes a Cyclone separator with two stages of separation.

2 and 3, the cyclone separator of the present invention includes a separator inner cylinder 12 (cylindrical), a separator outer cylinder 5 (cylindrical) and a discharge (ash) pipeline 1 arranged from bottom to top , liquid discharge (ash) bucket 2, secondary cyclone generator 17, swirl 15 and wedge-shaped primary cyclone draft pipe 9 (cutting surface diameter upwards gradually decreases).

The separator outer cylinder 5 is fixed by the outlet flange 6 and the inlet flange 3 arranged at the upper and lower ends of the cyclone separator, and the separator inner cylinder 12 is coaxial with the cyclone 15 and the secondary cyclone generator 17 Tightly connected and nested inside the separator outer cylinder 5 (there is a gap with the inner wall of the separator outer cylinder 5), the top of the separator inner cylinder 12 is fixed on the outlet flange 6, and the secondary cyclone generator 17 The bottom is fixed on the inlet flange 3. A return passage 11 is formed between the separator outer cylinder 5 and the separator inner cylinder 12 located inside it; the position of the cyclone separator is fixed by the outlet flange 6 and the inlet flange 3, and the air inlet of the cyclone separator 7 is located on the inlet flange 3, and the air outlet 13 of the cyclone separator is located on the outlet flange 6. The air outlet 13 and the air inlet 7 are connected to the upper and lower ends of the separator inner cylinder 12 Corresponding connectivity.

Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the swirler 15 is composed of a tubular impeller shaft 22, uniformly arranged vanes 21 connected to the vane shaft, and a cylindrical wall 20 located outside the vanes 21, the cylindrical The wall surface 20 is in close contact with the lower end of the separator inner cylinder 12 (the same diameter), so that the swirler 15 is coaxially fixed on the bottom of the separator inner cylinder 12, and the secondary cyclone generator 17 is formed by a tubular The inner shaft 23 (the same diameter as the impeller shaft 22), several guide passages 19 (for example four) and the cylindrical wall 20 outside the guide passage 19 are composed of the cylindrical wall 20 and the swirl The lower end of the cylindrical wall surface of the flow element 15 is closely fitted (with the same diameter), so that the secondary cyclone generator 17 is coaxially fixed in the separator outer cylinder 5 (the secondary cyclone generator 17 and the cyclone 15 coaxial installation), the guide channel 19 is evenly arranged tangentially along the inner shaft 23, and one end is connected with the guide hole 18 (cylindrical shape) that is arranged on the cylindrical wall 20 of the secondary cyclone generator 17. The middle part of the wall) is connected. The other end communicates with the inside of the inner shaft 23 . The lower end of the inner shaft 23 is connected to the upper end of the liquid discharge (ash) bucket 2, and the lower end of the liquid discharge (ash) bucket 2 protrudes outward from the inlet flange 3, and is connected to the liquid discharge (ash) pipeline. 1, the upper end of the inner shaft 23 is connected with the lower end of the impeller shaft 22, and the upper end of the impeller shaft 22 is coaxially connected with the primary cyclone duct 9. Inside the inner shaft 23 of the secondary cyclone generator 17, a secondary cyclone guide tube 8 (height greater than the height of the inner shaft) installed coaxially and having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner shaft 23, the inner shaft The area between 23 and the secondary cyclone guide tube 8 is the secondary cyclone separation zone 24; a sealing ring 16 is arranged between the inner shaft 23 and the blade shaft 22, and the secondary cyclone guide tube 8 The upper end of the upper end is connected with the end face of the sealing ring 16, and the sealing ring 16 is used to seal the top of the secondary cyclone guide tube 8 and the inner shaft 23, so that the secondary cyclone separation zone 24 is separated from the The interiors of the impeller shafts 22 are separated (annular seals) to prevent the gas containing impurities from flowing into the interior of the impeller shafts 22 from the secondary cyclone separation area 24 . However, the secondary cyclone guide tube 8 communicates with the inside of the impeller shaft 22 .

Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, the area above the cyclone 15 in the separator inner cylinder 12 is a first-stage cyclone separation zone 4, and multiple Return flow grooves 14 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction (the return flow grooves are elongated and extend to a certain length in the axial direction).

Working process of the present invention is as follows:

Referring to Fig. 3, the annular area formed between the inlet flange 3 and the liquid discharge (ash) bucket 2 is the air inlet 7 of the cyclone separator, and the four diversion channels 19 of the secondary cyclone generator 17 form gaps with each other , the airflow with impurities from the air inlet 7 passes through the gap, the flow direction of the airflow is axial, and under the action of the swirler 15, the flow direction is forcibly converted into an upward rotational movement. The airflow with impurities is subjected to first-stage centrifugal separation in the first-stage cyclone separation zone 4: the gas pressure in the inner cylinder 12 of the separator near the wall is relatively high, and the central area is a low-pressure area, and the airflow with impurities is in the first-stage cyclone separation zone 4 During separation, under the action of the pressure gradient, the impurity particles move near the wall of the inner cylinder 12 of the separator, the center of the inner cylinder 12 of the separator is clean gas, and the impurities are located near the wall of the inner cylinder 12 of the separator; in addition, the air flow near the wall The tangential velocity is greater than the central area of the inner cylinder 12 of the separator, and the impurity particles move toward the wall surface under the centrifugal force. The impurity particles near the wall surface of the separator inner cylinder move upward along the wall surface, enter the return passage 11 between the separator inner cylinder 12 and the separator outer cylinder 5 through the backflow groove 14, and gather at the bottom of the backflow passage 11, pass through the diversion passage 19 It enters the drain (ash) hopper 2 and exits the cyclone separator.

Specifically, the high-pressure airflow containing impurity particles enters the return flow channel 11 from the return flow groove 14 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the separator inner cylinder 12, and enters the secondary cyclone guide tangentially through the flow guide hole 18 and the flow guide channel 19. The secondary cyclone separation zone 24 between the flow tube 8 and the inner shaft 23 is used for the secondary cyclone separation of tangential air intake: after the secondary cyclone separation, the impurities move downward along the wall surface of the inner shaft 23 and flow into the inner shaft. Closely connected liquid discharge (ash) hopper 2, and then discharge the cyclone separator from the liquid discharge (ash) pipeline 1; the clean gas after the secondary cyclone separation is discharged from the secondary cyclone guide tube under the action of the pressure gradient force 8 enters the inside of the secondary cyclone guide tube 8, and passes through the inside of the blade shaft 22 of the swirler 15 and the primary cyclone guide tube 9 (closely connected with the blade shaft 22). The primary cyclone guide pipe 9 guides the clean gas obtained from the secondary separation to the center of the primary cyclone separation area 4, and the clean gas is discharged from the cyclone separator through the air outlet 13 along with the low-pressure pure gas in the center of the inner cylinder 12 of the separator.

Application effect experiment

(1) The numerical simulation calculation of the cyclone separator of the present invention was carried out by using Fluent software.

Figure 6 shows the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator of the present invention for particles of different sizes at two typical inlet velocities of 4m/s and 10m/s. Numerical calculation results show that the cyclone separator of the present invention can achieve 80% separation efficiency for impurities with a diameter of more than 15 μm, and can completely separate impurities with a diameter of more than 20 μm; the present invention has a lower separation efficiency for impurities with a diameter of less than 5 μm.

(2) Experiment of the gas-liquid separation effect of the cyclone separator

1) Experimental conditions:

Temperature: 16.5°C

Humidity: 65%

Experimental raw material: water

Atomization: nozzle atomization

Centrifugal fan: 0～1200m ³ /h

Wind speed in the experimental section: 4～10m/s

2) Experimental results:

The nozzle is used to spray at the air inlet of the cyclone separator, and the centrifugal fan is used to suck air at the air outlet of the cyclone separator to control the airflow velocity in the cyclone separator cylinder. When the spray volume of the nozzle is controlled at 2.1L/h, the air velocity in the cyclone separator barrel is changed by a centrifugal fan. During the experiment, the airflow velocity of the inner tube of the cyclone separator changed from 4 to 10m/s: under nine groups of different airflow velocities, the impurity concentration at the air inlet of the cyclone separator and the impurity concentration at the air outlet of the cyclone separator were measured. From this, different The separation efficiency of the cyclone separator of the present invention for impurity particles under the air velocity in the cylinder.

Referring to Fig. 7, when the airflow velocity in the cylinder is 4m/s, the cyclone separator of the present invention has the smallest separation efficiency for impurity particles, and the separation efficiency can reach 91.46%. And the separation efficiency increases with the increase of the air velocity in the cylinder. When the air velocity in the cylinder is 10m/s, the separation rate can reach 96%.

According to the implementation mode of the cyclone separator device of the present invention, it can be inferred that the higher separation efficiency of the impurity particles in the present invention is based on the following reasons:

That is, the cyclone separator of the present invention belongs to the centrifugal separation equipment with high separation efficiency in the field of mechanical separation, and the present invention can carry out two-stage cyclone separation of the gas with impurity particles: the gas containing impurity particles passes through the cyclone for one-stage cyclone separation. After the first-stage separation, the clean gas in the separator cylinder is discharged from the center of the pipeline, and the gas with higher pressure near the wall, entrained with impurities, enters the second-stage cyclone separation area from the return channel for secondary separation.

In addition, the wall of the inner cylinder of the cyclone separator of the present invention is provided with a reflux tank and the bottom of the separator is provided with a liquid (ash) device, so that the impurity particles obtained through the two-stage separation can be exported in time. It can prevent the separated impurity particles from being re-entrained by the gas into the cyclone separator.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of cyclone separator, it is characterised in that：The cyclone separator include set gradually from top to bottom air outlet (13), Separation assembly, air inlet (7) and discharge opeing, the device of ash, the separation assembly include separator inner cylinder (12) and are arranged at Separator outer barrel (5) on the outside of separator inner cylinder (12), air inlet (7) is connected with the lower end of separation assembly, air outlet (13) with The upper end of separation assembly is connected, and is left as return flow line (11) between the separator outer barrel (5) and separator inner cylinder (12) Gap, is provided with for making the air-flow along air inlet (7) axial admission in separator inner cylinder in the separator outer barrel (5) (12) in produce first-stage centrifugal separate eddy flow (15) and to by after first-stage centrifugal separating treatment through return flow line (11) air-flow of backflow carries out two grades of whirlwind generators (17) of two-stage centrifugal separation, discharge opeing, the device of ash and described two grades rotations Air generator (17) is connected；

The connection corresponding with the upper/lower terminal of the separator inner cylinder (12) respectively of the air outlet (13), air inlet (7)；

The backflash (14) being uniformly distributed circumferentially, described time are respectively arranged with the separator inner cylinder (12) at different height Circulation road (11) is connected by the backflash (14) with the separator inner cylinder (12)；

The isolated clean gas of two-stage centrifugal discharge whirlwind with the Low Voltage Pure net airflow at separator inner cylinder center through air outlet Separator.

2. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Outside the separator inner cylinder (12) and separator Cylinder (5) uses coaxial nested arrangement mode.

3. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cyclone separator also includes suction flange (3) and outlet(discharge) flange (6), on suction flange (3), the air outlet (13) is positioned at outlet(discharge) flange for the air inlet (7) (6) on.

4. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Eddy flow (15) is arranged at the separation The lower end of device inner cylinder (12), and eddy flow (15) are coaxial with the separator inner cylinder (12) is closely connected, the eddy flow Gap is left between the outside wall surface of sub (15) and the separator outer barrel (5).

5. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：During two grades of whirlwind generators (17) include Empty interior axle (23), several spaced flow-guiding channels (19) and the cylinder being arranged on the outside of the flow-guiding channel (19) Shape wall, the cylindrical shape wall is coaxially closely connected with the outside wall surface of eddy flow (15), the flow-guiding channel (19) One end is connected with the interior axle (23), and the other end is connected with the pod apertures (18) being arranged on the cylindrical shape wall, institute State and gap is left between cylindrical shape wall and the separator outer barrel (5), upper end and the eddy flow of the interior axle (23) (15) the rachis (22) with axially hollow structure is connected.

6. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The flow-guiding channel (19) is along the interior axle (23) tangential is evenly arranged.

7. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is provided with and the leaf in the interior axle (23) Two grades of whirlwind guide shells (8) that axle (22) is connected, between being left between two grades of whirlwind guide shells (8) and the interior axle (23) Gap, the upper end sealing in the gap.

8. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Be provided with the separator inner cylinder (12) with The connected one cyclonic mozzle (9) in rachis (22) upper end.

9. a kind of cyclone separator according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The discharge opeing, the device of ash and the interior axle (23) lower end is connected.