CN105752310A - Shipborne heat pump air-conditioning system and heating and refrigeration method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system, which includes a compressor, a four-way reversing valve, a heat exchanger inside the cabin, a throttle valve, a heat exchanger outside the cabin, a methanol water storage container, at least two delivery pumps, at least Two sets of methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules, power conversion system, ship propulsion system and air residual gas mixer; methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module integrates reformer and fuel cell, the high temperature The residual gas is discharged to the air residual gas mixer or the outside; the air residual gas mixer is used to mix the external air and high temperature residual gas into a medium temperature mixed gas, which is sent to the heat exchanger outside the cabin; the fuel cell is used for the electrochemical generation of hydrogen and oxygen The reaction produces electric energy output; the power conversion system is used to convert the electric energy output by the fuel cell into the electricity required by the load, and supplies power for compressors, transfer pumps and ship propulsion systems. Under heating conditions, the invention can still work normally and efficiently when the outdoor air is lower than -5°C, and the evaporator will not be frosted.

Description

Shipborne heat pump air conditioning system and heating and cooling method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of ship air-conditioning, in particular to a ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system and a heating and cooling method.

Background technique

At present, small and medium-sized ships such as civilian fishing boats and yachts are mainly powered by internal combustion engines. The main problem of internal combustion engines is that fuel combustion will produce waste gas that pollutes the environment, and fuel leakage will pollute waters. The impact of scenic spots is far greater than that of general areas. Moreover, the internal combustion engine will make a lot of noise when it is working, which will disturb the work, leisure and rest on board. In response to this problem, the technology of using fuel cells as power for ships has been gradually developed. Since the traditional marine air conditioner can use the heat of the fuel engine for heating, but the air conditioning system of the fuel cell ship is difficult to use the heat of the engine for heating, and cannot provide a heat source for the ship's air conditioner to heat in winter. Therefore, the fuel cell ship in the prior art , it is necessary to use a heat pump air conditioning system for heating and cooling, and the heating energy consumption of the heat pump air conditioning system is relatively high.

The principle of the marine heat pump air conditioning system is to use the inverse Carnot principle. Under the heating condition, the heat exchanger inside the cabin is a condenser, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin is an evaporator. The evaporator absorbs heat from the ambient heat in the outdoor air. Evaporative heat transfer working medium, the pressure and temperature of the working medium vapor are increased after being compressed by the compressor, and when the high-temperature steam is condensed into a liquid through the condenser, the released heat is transferred to the space in the cabin where the heat is used, and the condensed heat transfer working medium Return to the evaporator through the expansion valve, and then be evaporated, and so on. Under refrigeration conditions, the heat exchanger outside the cabin is a condenser, and the heat exchanger inside the cabin is an evaporator. The evaporator absorbs heat from the heat energy in the air in the cabin to evaporate the heat-transfer working fluid, and the steam of the working fluid passes through the compressor. After compression, the pressure and temperature rise, and when the high-temperature vapor condenses into liquid through the condenser, the released heat is transferred to the outside, and the condensed heat transfer medium returns to the evaporator through the expansion valve, and then evaporates again, and so on. However, the disadvantage of the marine heat pump air conditioning system is that the lower the air temperature outside the cabin, the smaller the heat supply, especially when the air temperature outside the cabin is lower than -5°C, the heat pump is difficult to work normally, and electricity or other auxiliary heat sources are needed To heat the air, the efficiency of the heat pump is greatly reduced. Under the heating condition of the marine heat pump air-conditioning system, frost will form on the evaporator, and regular defrosting is required. The defrosting module technology can refer to Chinese patent application 201210152219.4 for defrosting method for air source heat pump system, 201410108455.5 for a heat pump air conditioner In the defrosting control method and the heat pump air-conditioning system, after the defrosting module is added to the air source heat pump, not only the stability is reduced, the maintenance cost is increased, but also a considerable part of energy is lost.

Chinese patent application 201410259775.0 discloses a device that uses a fuel cell as a power and heat source for a ship. The fuel cell is composed of an oxygen supply circuit, a hydrogen supply circuit, a hydrogen removal circuit, a cooling circuit, a stack assembly and a control system; the fuel cell The device for ship power and heat source includes a high-power fuel cell group composed of low-power battery cells connected in series. The methanol fuel storage tank or hydrogen fuel storage tank is connected to the reformer of the fuel cell through pipelines, and the reformer is connected to the fuel cell. The fuel tank is connected to the fluid pump, and a flow meter is installed to control the flow; the electrical equipment on board is divided into two types, including DC equipment and AC equipment; the fuel cell power device consists of a fuel cell, an electric motor, a gearbox and a propulsion unit. The device consists of the fuel cell output power connected to the inverter, and then connected to the motor, the motor is connected to the gearbox through a coupling, and the gearbox is connected to the main shaft of the propulsion device; the fuel cell pack has its own set of cooling system, equipped with cooling In addition to the original radiator, add a set of radiators connected in parallel. Both sets of radiators are equipped with two sets of radiator switching cut-off valves. The pure water outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the heat exchanger at the outlet of the reaction gas. The outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the water collector, and the water collector is provided with an overflow device to be connected to the sewer. Part of the heat generated when the fuel cell generates power needs to be discharged to maintain the normal operating temperature range of the battery pack. The fuel cell comes with a cooling system that releases heat through the circulation of the coolant and the radiation of the radiator. The design of the heating system is to connect a set of radiators in parallel with the original radiator. Both sets of radiators have cut-off valves, which can be switched through the valves. Usually, the original cooling system operates to dissipate heat, and the heat is discharged to the atmosphere; if the temperature is low, the cabin will If heating is required, switch to a cooling system that radiates heat into the cabin to adjust the temperature in the cabin, which can reduce the energy consumption of using special temperature adjustment equipment (such as air conditioners). However, the above-mentioned device using fuel cells as ship power and heat source has at least the following disadvantages: first, it only utilizes the heat emitted by the fuel cells to generate electricity, and does not utilize the heat of high-temperature residual gas discharged from the reformer, and the heat utilization rate is low; 2. The heat emitted by the fuel cell when generating electricity is directly dissipated into the cabin through the cooling system, which is independent of the ship's heat pump air-conditioning system. Therefore, when the air temperature outside the cabin is low, the ship's heat pump air-conditioning system is still difficult. To work normally, it is necessary to use electricity or other auxiliary heat sources to heat the air, the efficiency of the heat pump is greatly reduced, and there will still be frosting problems on the evaporator of the marine heat pump type air conditioning system.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system for the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art. The heat pump air-conditioning system can utilize the high-temperature residual gas heat discharged from the reformer. When the outside air is lower than -5°C, it can still work normally and efficiently, and there will be no frost on the evaporator. For this reason, the present invention also provides a heating and cooling method for the on-board heat pump air-conditioning system.

In order to solve the first technical problem above, the technical solution of the present invention is: a ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system, including a compressor, a four-way reversing valve, a heat exchanger in the cabin, a throttle valve, a heat exchanger outside the cabin, Methanol water storage container, at least two delivery pumps, at least two sets of methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules, power conversion system, ship propulsion system and air residual gas mixer, the methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules and The number of delivery pumps is matched; the compressor, the four-way reversing valve, the heat exchanger in the cabin, the throttling valve and the heat exchanger outside the cabin form the working fluid delivery circuit of the heat pump air-conditioning system; the methanol water storage The container stores liquid methanol-water raw materials; the delivery pump is used to transport the methanol and water raw materials in the methanol-water storage container to the reformer of the methanol-water reforming hydrogen production module; the methanol-water reforming hydrogen production The power generation module is integrated with a reformer and a fuel cell. The reformer is equipped with a reforming chamber, a hydrogen purification device, a combustion chamber and an exhaust chimney. The reforming chamber is used for the reforming system of methanol and steam. Hydrogen reacts to produce a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the hydrogen purification device is used to separate the produced hydrogen, and the hydrogen is transported to the fuel cell, and the combustion chamber is used to combust part of the produced hydrogen with oxygen in the outside air , to provide heat for the operation of the reformer; the carbon dioxide separated by the hydrogen purification device, the water vapor produced by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in the combustion chamber, and the unburned gas in the outside air are mixed into high-temperature residual gas, which is discharged from the exhaust chimney to The air residual gas mixer or the outside world; the air residual gas mixer is used to mix the external air and high temperature residual gas into a medium temperature mixed gas, which is sent to the heat exchanger outside the cabin; the fuel cell is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen in the air The electrochemical reaction produces electric energy output; the power conversion system is used to convert the electric energy output by the fuel cell into the electricity required by the load, and supplies power for the compressor, the delivery pump and the ship propulsion system.

Preferably, the working fluid delivery circuit is provided with a check valve for transporting the working fluid under the cooling condition, and the throttle valve includes a main capillary and an auxiliary capillary, wherein the auxiliary capillary is connected in parallel with the check valve; There are also filters and mufflers on the working fluid delivery circuit.

Preferably, a reversing valve is provided between the exhaust chimney and the residual air mixer, and under heating conditions, the high-temperature residual gas discharged from the exhaust chimney passes through the reversing valve and then is discharged to the residual air. Air mixer, under the cooling condition, the high temperature residual air discharged from the exhaust chimney is discharged to the outside after the reversing valve.

Preferably, the residual air mixer is provided with a fan and a temperature sensor, the fan is used to fan the outside air into the residual air mixer, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the mixed gas in the residual air mixer. The gas temperature ranges from 15 to 60°C.

Preferably, the methanol water reforming hydrogen production module is also integrated with a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is installed on the delivery pipeline between the delivery pump and the reformer, and the low-temperature methanol and water raw materials are in the heat exchanger , to exchange heat with the high-temperature hydrogen output from the reformer, the temperature of methanol and water increases, and the temperature of hydrogen decreases.

Preferably, the hydrogen purification device is a membrane separation device vacuum-plated palladium-silver alloy on the surface of porous ceramics, the coating layer is palladium-silver alloy, the mass percentage of palladium-silver alloy is 75%-78%, and silver is 22%-25%. %.

In order to solve the above-mentioned second technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is: the heating and cooling method of the ship-borne heat pump air-conditioning system, comprising the following steps:

a. During the operation of the reformer of the methanol water reforming hydrogen production module, the hydrogen production reaction of methanol water reforming occurs, and the hydrogen produced is transported to the fuel cell. In the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen in the air are generated Electrochemical reaction generates electrical energy output, and at the same time, high-temperature residual gas is discharged from the exhaust stack of the reformer;

b. In the heating condition, the heat exchanger inside the cabin becomes a condenser, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin becomes an evaporator, and the high-temperature residual air is discharged to the air residual air mixer, and mixed with the outside air to form a medium-temperature mixed gas and sent to the cabin External heat exchanger, in the external heat exchanger of the ship cabin, the medium-temperature mixed gas exchanges heat with the working medium, converts it into a low-temperature mixed gas and then discharges it; the electric energy output by the fuel cell is converted by the power conversion system to be used for compressors, pumps and ships Propulsion system power supply;

c. Under refrigeration conditions, the heat exchanger inside the cabin becomes an evaporator, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin becomes a condenser, and the high-temperature residual air is discharged to the outside; the electric energy output by the fuel cell is converted by the power conversion system to be used for compressors, transmission Power supply for pumps and ship propulsion systems.

Preferably, the compressor of the heat pump air conditioner and the ship's propulsion system feed back the real-time power demand to the ship's control system during the working process, and the ship's control system controls an appropriate number of methanol-water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules according to the real-time power demand information operation, and control the methanol water storage and delivery device to deliver methanol and water raw materials to the running methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module; when the immediate power demand is small, control less methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module operation, When the immediate power demand is large, control the operation of more methanol-water reforming hydrogen generation power generation modules.

Preferably, under the heating condition, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the mixed gas in the residual air mixer in real time, and feeds back the temperature information to the control device, and the control device adjusts the feeding amount of the outside air through the fan to control the temperature of the mixed gas. The temperature range is within 15 ~ 60 ℃.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention adopts methanol and water as raw materials to reform and produce hydrogen, and then utilizes fuel cells to generate electricity, without waste residue and harmful waste gas pollution, clean, and does not affect human health. Methanol has a wide range of sources and is reliable Renewable energy, and the reformer and fuel cell have low noise and low energy consumption; second, under the heating condition, due to the high temperature residual gas is discharged to the air residual gas mixer, and mixed with the outside air to form a medium temperature mixed gas and sent to the The heat exchanger outside the cabin. At this time, the heat exchanger outside the cabin is an evaporator. In the heat exchanger outside the cabin, the medium-temperature mixed gas exchanges heat with the working fluid, and is converted into a low-temperature mixed gas and then discharged. Therefore, in any low-temperature air environment (for example, the air environment below -5°C), the heat pump air conditioner can work normally and efficiently; third, in the heating condition, since the heat exchanger (ie evaporator) outside the cabin inputs a medium-temperature mixed gas, it does not Can frost, without regular defrosting; Fourth, the present invention makes use of the heat of the high-temperature residual gas of the reformer, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the raw material of methanol water. At the same time, after the high-temperature residual gas is mixed with the outside air, the heat pump The air conditioner can use the high temperature residual air and the heat of the outside air at the same time, making the heat pump air conditioner more energy-saving and power-saving.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of the methanol-water reforming hydrogen production power generation module in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an optimal structure of a methanol-water reforming hydrogen production power generation module.

detailed description

The structural principle and working principle of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, a ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system includes a compressor 1, a four-way reversing valve 2, a heat exchanger 3 in the cabin, a throttle valve 4, and a heat exchanger 5 outside the cabin , methanol water storage container 6, at least two delivery pumps 7, at least two sets of methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules 8, power conversion system 10, ship propulsion system 9 and air residual gas mixer 11; the compressor 1 , the four-way reversing valve 2, the heat exchanger 3 in the cabin, the throttle valve 4, and the heat exchanger 5 outside the cabin form the working medium delivery circuit of the heat pump air conditioner. In the working medium delivery circuit of Figure 1, the dotted arrow indicates Heating working condition, the solid line arrow indicates the cooling working condition; the methanol water storage container 6 stores liquid methanol water raw material; the delivery pump 7 is used to transport the methanol and water raw material in the methanol water storage container 6 to methanol The reformer 81 of the water reforming hydrogen production power generation module 8; the methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module 8 is integrated with a reformer 81 and a fuel cell 82, and the reformer 81 is equipped with a reforming chamber, hydrogen purification The structure of the device, the combustion chamber, the exhaust chimney, and the reformer can refer to the Chinese patent applications 201410311217.4, 201410621689.X and 201510621689.X and 201510476342.5 that the applicant applied for before, and the reforming chamber is used for the reforming of methanol and water vapor The hydrogen production reaction produces a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The temperature in the reforming chamber is 300-570°C. There is a catalyst in the reforming chamber. In the reforming chamber, methanol and water vapor pass through under the pressure of 1-5M Pa. Catalyst, under the action of the catalyst, methanol cracking reaction and carbon monoxide conversion reaction occur to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is a multi-component, multi-reaction gas-solid catalytic reaction system. The reaction equation is: (1) CH ₃ OH→ CO+2H ₂ , (2) H ₂ O+CO→CO ₂ +H ₂ , (3) CH ₃ OH+H ₂ O→CO ₂ +3H ₂ , H ₂ and CO ₂ generated by the reforming reaction, the The hydrogen purification device is used to separate the produced hydrogen, and the hydrogen is transported to the fuel cell 82, and the combustion chamber is used to combust part of the produced hydrogen with oxygen in the outside air to provide heat for the operation of the reformer 81; The carbon dioxide separated by the hydrogen purification device, the water vapor produced by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in the combustion chamber, and the unburned gas in the outside air are mixed into high-temperature residual gas, which is discharged from the exhaust chimney to the air residual gas mixer 11 or the outside world; The air residual gas mixer 11 is used to mix the external air and the high temperature residual gas into a medium temperature mixed gas, which is sent to the heat exchanger 5 outside the cabin; the fuel cell 82 is used for the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air to generate electric energy Output, at the anode of the fuel cell 82: 2H ₂ → 4H ⁺ +4e ^- , H ₂ splits into two protons and two electrons, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane (PEM), the electrons pass through the anode plate, pass through the external load, and Enters the cathode bipolar plate; at the cathode of the fuel cell 82: O ₂ +4e ⁻ +4H ⁺ → 2H ₂ O, protons, electrons and O ₂ are recombined to form H ₂ O; the power conversion system 10 is used to convert the electric energy output by the fuel cell 82 into the electricity required by the load, to supply power for the compressor 1, the transfer pump 7 and the ship propulsion system 9, and also to provide Other loads 16 in the ship supply power; the ship propulsion system 9 is used to drive the ship to travel.

As shown in Figure 1 , the working fluid delivery circuit is provided with a check valve 12 for delivering the working fluid under the refrigeration working condition, and the throttle valve 4 includes a main capillary 41 and an auxiliary capillary 42, wherein the auxiliary capillary 42 and the auxiliary capillary The check valves 12 are connected in parallel; a filter 13 and a muffler 14 are also provided on the working fluid delivery circuit.

As shown in Figure 1, a reversing valve 15 is provided between the exhaust chimney and the air residual gas mixer 11. 15 Rear air residual air mixer 11, after the high temperature residual air is mixed with the outside air, the heat pump air conditioner can use the heat of the high temperature residual air and the outside air at the same time, making the heat pump air conditioner more energy-saving and power-saving. Generally, the heat used by the heat pump air conditioner Among them, the heat of the outside air accounts for 40%-90%, and the high-temperature residual air accounts for 10%-60%. In the cooling working condition, the high-temperature residual air discharged from the exhaust chimney is discharged to the outside after passing through the reversing valve 15 .

As shown in Figure 1, the air residual air mixer 11 is provided with a fan and a temperature sensor, the fan is used to fan the outside air into the air residual air mixer 11, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the Mixed gas temperature, the temperature range of the mixed gas is 15-60°C.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a heat exchanger 83 is provided on the delivery pipeline between the delivery pump 7 and the reformer 8, and the low-temperature methanol and water raw materials are in the heat exchanger 83, and the reformer output The high-temperature hydrogen is used for heat exchange, the temperature of the methanol and water raw materials is raised, and the temperature of the hydrogen is lowered.

The hydrogen purification device is a membrane separation device vacuum-coated with palladium-silver alloy on the surface of porous ceramics. The coating layer is palladium-silver alloy. The mass percentage of palladium-silver alloy is 75%-78% for palladium and 22%-25% for silver.

The heating and cooling method of the above-mentioned on-board heat pump air-conditioning system is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

a. During the operation of the reformer of the methanol water reforming hydrogen production module, the hydrogen production reaction of methanol water reforming occurs, and the hydrogen produced is transported to the fuel cell. In the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen in the air are generated Electrochemical reaction generates electrical energy output, and at the same time, high-temperature residual gas is discharged from the exhaust stack of the reformer;

b. In the heating condition, the heat exchanger inside the cabin becomes a condenser, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin becomes an evaporator, and the high-temperature residual air is discharged to the air residual air mixer, and mixed with the outside air to form a medium-temperature mixed gas and sent to the cabin External heat exchanger, in the external heat exchanger of the ship cabin, the medium-temperature mixed gas exchanges heat with the working medium, converts it into a low-temperature mixed gas and then discharges it; the electric energy output by the fuel cell is converted by the power conversion system to be used for compressors, pumps and ships Propulsion system power supply;

c. Under refrigeration conditions, the heat exchanger inside the cabin becomes an evaporator, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin becomes a condenser, and the high-temperature residual air is discharged to the outside; the electric energy output by the fuel cell is converted by the power conversion system to be used for compressors, transmission Power supply for pumps and ship propulsion systems.

During the working process, the compressor of the heat pump air conditioner and the ship propulsion system will feed back the real-time power demand to the ship control system. Control the methanol water storage and delivery device to deliver methanol and water raw materials to the operating methanol water reforming hydrogen production module; when the immediate power demand is small, control the operation of fewer methanol water reforming hydrogen production When the demand is large, control the operation of more methanol-water reforming hydrogen generation power generation modules. The present invention adopts at least two sets of methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules, which can greatly reduce no-load, its overall energy consumption is small, the consumption of methanol and water raw materials is low, and the utilization rate is high; for example, if the present invention sets 100 sets Methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module, when the immediate power demand is small, the control system only needs to control the operation of fewer methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules (for example, 20 groups); when the immediate power demand is large , the control system controls the operation of more methanol-water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules (for example, 70 groups).

Preferably, under the heating condition, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the mixed gas in the residual air mixer in real time, and feeds back the temperature information to the control device, and the control device adjusts the feeding amount of the outside air through the fan to control the temperature of the mixed gas. The temperature range is within 15 ~ 60 ℃.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system, characterized in that it includes a compressor, a four-way reversing valve, a heat exchanger in the cabin, a throttle valve, a heat exchanger outside the cabin, a methanol water storage container, and at least two delivery pumps , at least two sets of methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules, power conversion systems, ship propulsion systems and air residual gas mixers, the methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules match the number of delivery pumps; the compression The working fluid delivery circuit of the heat pump air-conditioning system is formed between the machine, the four-way reversing valve, the heat exchanger in the cabin, the throttle valve, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin; the methanol water storage container stores liquid methanol water raw materials; The delivery pump is used to transport the methanol water raw material in the methanol water storage container to the reformer of the methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module; the methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module integrates a reformer and a fuel cell , the reformer is provided with a reforming chamber, a hydrogen purification device, a combustion chamber and an exhaust chimney, and the reforming chamber is used for reforming hydrogen production reactions of methanol and water vapor to obtain a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, The hydrogen purification device is used to separate the produced hydrogen, which is transported to the fuel cell, and the combustion chamber is used to combust part of the produced hydrogen with oxygen in the outside air to provide heat for the operation of the reformer; The carbon dioxide separated by the hydrogen purification device, the water vapor produced by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in the combustion chamber, and the unburned gas in the outside air are mixed into high-temperature residual gas, which is discharged from the exhaust chimney to the air residual gas mixer or the outside world; The residual gas mixer is used to mix the outside air and high-temperature residual gas into a medium-temperature mixed gas, which is sent to the heat exchanger outside the cabin; the fuel cell is used for the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air to generate electrical energy output; the power The conversion system is used to convert the electric energy output by the fuel cell into the electricity required by the load to supply power for the compressor, transfer pump and ship propulsion system. 2. The ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the working medium conveying circuit is provided with a check valve for transporting the working medium under the cooling condition, and the throttle valve includes a main capillary And the auxiliary capillary, wherein the auxiliary capillary is connected in parallel with the check valve; the working fluid delivery circuit is also provided with a filter and a muffler. 3. The ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a reversing valve is provided between the exhaust chimney and the air residual air mixer, and in the heating working state, the air from the exhaust The high-temperature residual air discharged from the chimney passes through the reversing valve and is discharged to the air residual air mixer. Under the cooling condition, the high-temperature residual gas discharged from the exhaust chimney passes through the reversing valve and is discharged to the outside. 4. The ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air residual air mixer is provided with a fan and a temperature sensor, the fan is used to fan the outside air into the air residual air mixer, and the temperature sensor The detector is used to detect the temperature of the mixed gas in the air residual gas mixer, and the temperature range of the mixed gas is 15-60°C. 5. The ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation module is also integrated with a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is installed between the delivery pump and the reformer On the transmission pipeline, the low-temperature methanol and water raw materials exchange heat with the high-temperature hydrogen output from the reformer in the heat exchanger. The temperature of methanol and water increases, and the temperature of hydrogen decreases. 6. The ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen purification device is a membrane separation device vacuum-coated with palladium-silver alloy on the surface of porous ceramics, and the coating layer is palladium-silver alloy, palladium-silver alloy Mass percentage palladium accounts for 75%-78%, and silver accounts for 22%-25%. 7. The heating and cooling method of the ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a. During the operation of the reformer of the methanol water reforming hydrogen production module, the hydrogen production reaction of methanol water reforming occurs, and the hydrogen produced is transported to the fuel cell. In the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen in the air are generated Electrochemical reaction generates electrical energy output, and at the same time, high-temperature residual gas is discharged from the exhaust stack of the reformer; b. In the heating condition, the heat exchanger inside the cabin becomes a condenser, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin becomes an evaporator, and the high-temperature residual air is discharged to the air residual air mixer, and mixed with the outside air to form a medium-temperature mixed gas and sent to the cabin External heat exchanger, in the external heat exchanger of the ship cabin, the medium-temperature mixed gas exchanges heat with the working medium, converts it into a low-temperature mixed gas and then discharges it; the electric energy output by the fuel cell is converted by the power conversion system to be used for compressors, pumps and ships Propulsion system power supply; c. Under refrigeration conditions, the heat exchanger inside the cabin becomes an evaporator, and the heat exchanger outside the cabin becomes a condenser, and the high-temperature residual air is discharged to the outside; the electric energy output by the fuel cell is converted by the power conversion system to be used for compressors, transmission Power supply for pumps and ship propulsion systems. 8. The heating and cooling method of the shipborne heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the compressor of the heat pump air conditioner and the ship's propulsion system feed back the real-time power demand to the ship's control system during the working process, and the ship's control system According to the real-time power demand information, the system controls the operation of an appropriate number of methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules, and controls the methanol water storage and delivery device to deliver methanol and water raw materials to the running methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules; when the real-time power When the demand is small, less methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules are controlled to operate, and when the immediate power demand is large, more methanol water reforming hydrogen production power generation modules are controlled to operate. 9. The heating and cooling method of the ship-mounted heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: under the heating condition, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the mixed gas in the residual air mixer in real time, and feeds back the temperature information To the control device, the control device adjusts the feeding amount of the outside air through the fan, so as to control the temperature range of the mixed gas within 15-60°C.