CN105740936B - A kind of method and apparatus of optical label and identification optical label - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus of optical label and identification optical label Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the method and apparatus of a kind of optical label and identification optical label, and the optical label includes: N number of light emitting source, and the changing pattern of the light launched whithin a period of time indicates its encoded information.The encoded information includes synchronizing information and unique identification information, and the synchronizing information specifies the things of the optical label binding for positioning the unique identification information, the unique identification information.Optical label provided by the invention can quickly be identified that identification distance is user's visual range at a distance by the personal device with photographic device, greatly improve the identification distance of existing RFID label tag and two-dimension code label.In addition, personal device can also identify the optical label in the video of network transmission.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of signal encoding technology, and in particular, to an optical tag, and more particularly, to an optical tag that can be recognized by a personal device having an image pickup device, and a method and apparatus for recognizing the optical tag.
Background
In the internet of things environment, identification of objects is the most basic and important application, and people usually scan tags on objects to realize object identification. Currently, widely used tags include RFID (radio frequency identification) tags and two-dimensional code tags. The farthest distance that the RFID label with the working frequency of 120KHz to 134KHz can be identified is about 10 centimeters; the farthest distance that a two-dimensional code of 5 cm × 5 cm can be recognized is about 30 cm. In addition, because the two-dimensional code can be recognized under a certain light condition, the two-dimensional code with any size cannot be recognized under a scene without the light condition (such as at night), so that the recognition and the operation of a user on an object are greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
To address the deficiencies of the prior art discussed above, according to one embodiment of the present invention, an optical label is provided. The optical label comprises N luminous sources, wherein the change pattern of the emitted light in a period of time represents the coded information, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
In one embodiment, the encoded information comprises synchronization information and unique identification information, the synchronization information being used to locate the unique identification information. In a further embodiment, the encoding information further comprises time stamp information.
In one embodiment, the variation pattern comprises a temporal variation of a characteristic of the light. Wherein the characteristic of the light may be the intensity of the light or may be the wavelength of the light.
In one embodiment, the N light emitting sources represent the encoded information by varying the characteristics of the emitted light over a period of time and the time interval for each variation is an integer multiple of the inverse of the variation frequency, which is the maximum number of variations of the characteristics of the light over 1 second.
In one embodiment, the change frequency is less than or equal to half of a shooting frame rate of an image pickup device of the personal apparatus. In another embodiment, the change frequency is less than or equal to the playback rate of the video on the personal device. In yet another embodiment, when the variation frequency b is greater than half of the shooting frame rate a of the image pickup device of the personal apparatus and the time representing the complete encoded information is c, the N light emission sources represent their encoded information by:
the N luminous sources emit light representing coded information at time c; the N luminous sources stop for 1/ma, and emit light representing coded information for time c; repeating the stopping and transmitting process m-2 times; wherein m is an upper integer of 2b/a, i.e.
In one embodiment, the N light emitting sources emit light within a capture range of a camera of the personal device.
In one embodiment, each of the N light emitting sources emits light of a different wavelength. In a further embodiment, the wavelength superposition result corresponding to any combination of the light emitted by the N light-emitting sources is unique.
In one embodiment, the light is characterized by an intensity, the change in characteristic is that the light emitting source is on or off, and the light emitted by the light emitting source is visible light, and the maximum time interval between two adjacent light emitting sources during the period of time is less than 1/24 seconds.
In one embodiment, the number of the N light-emitting sources is 3 to 6.
In one embodiment, the optical tag further comprises a control circuit for controlling a pattern of change of the light emitted by the light emitting source over a period of time. In a further embodiment, the control circuit is further adapted to detect the light emitting sources and to switch off all light emitting sources when it is detected that any one of the light emitting sources is malfunctioning.
In one embodiment, the optical tag further comprises a power source for powering the light emitting source and the control circuit.
In one embodiment, the optical label further comprises other functional modules for providing sensed information. In one embodiment, the encoded information further comprises sensed information.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method of identifying the above optical label, including:
step 1), collecting the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label; and
and 2) obtaining coding information from the change information of the optical characteristics to finish identification.
In one embodiment, step 1) comprises: and acquiring a video or playing the video transmitted by the network, wherein the video comprises the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label.
In a further embodiment, the time at which the video is captured is represented as follows:
where a is the frame rate of the captured video, b is the change frequency, and c is the time representing the complete encoded information.
In one embodiment, when the variation frequency b is greater than half of the frame rate a of the captured video and the time representing the complete encoded information is c, capturing a segment of video comprises:
step a), shooting the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label for time c to obtain a frame a;
step b), stopping shooting for 1/ma second and then shooting for time c to obtain a frame a; wherein m is an upper integer of 2b/a, i.e.
And c) repeating the step b) m-2 times to obtain another (m-2) a frame picture.
In one embodiment, the time to play the video transmitted over the network is represented as follows:
wherein a is the frame rate of the collected video; c is the time to represent the complete encoded information and d is the frame rate at which the video is played.
In one embodiment, step 1) further comprises: removing noise information from the captured video; and detecting whether the superposed light wave exists or not, and if so, decomposing the superposed light wave and reducing to obtain the light wave before superposition.
In a further embodiment, step 1) further comprises: the positions of the light emitting sources are located in the video, and the change information of the corresponding light characteristics is obtained.
In one embodiment, step 2) comprises: and obtaining the coded information according to the change information of the light characteristics.
In a further embodiment, step 2) further comprises: and identifying the synchronous information from the coded information, and obtaining unique identification information according to the synchronous information.
There is also provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, apparatus for identifying the above-mentioned optical label, including:
the camera device is used for collecting the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label; and
and the identification device is used for obtaining the coded information from the change information of the light characteristics to finish identification.
The optical label provided by the invention can be quickly identified in a long distance by personal equipment with a camera device, the identification distance is the visual range of a user, the identification distance of the optical label is greatly increased compared with the existing RFID label and two-dimensional code label, and the optical label can be used for identifying objects, events, websites, information and the like.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an optical label according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating various components of encoded information, according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of elements configuring an optical label according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of identifying an optical label according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an optical label application scenario, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail by embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, an optical label is provided. Referring to fig. 1 and in general terms, the optical label includes two or more light-emitting sources, control circuitry, a power supply, and optionally other modules. These modules will be described separately below.
A light source
In general, the light emitting source of the optical label is a light emitting object. A light-emitting object is an object capable of emitting directional light waves (including visible light and invisible light) to the surroundings, and the emitted light has characteristics such as wavelength and intensity. Each light emitting source is an independently controllable unit, which may for example be a lamp (e.g. an LED lamp), or may consist of a plurality of lamps.
According to the present invention, the change pattern of the light emitted from the light emitting source over a period of time represents a coded information according to which the thing associated with the optical label can be identified. In one embodiment, the light source emits light having a periodic pattern of variation. In another embodiment, the light emitting source may emit light representing encoded information in time periods of different lengths (for example, a periodic variation pattern is used hereinafter, unless otherwise specified). The pattern of variation may include temporal variation of various characteristics of the light, such as variation of wavelength over time and variation of intensity over time, etc. In an embodiment, the variation pattern is an intensity variation pattern, for example varying the intensity of the light emitted by the light emitting source over time. Further, the intensity variation may be embodied as the on and off of the light emitting source, and this intensity variation pattern is also referred to as a flicker variation pattern. In another embodiment, the variation pattern may also be a wavelength variation pattern, i.e. a variation over time of the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitting source, which is reflected in a color variation of the light emitted by the light emitting source. In the following examples, the flicker variation mode is described as an example, unless otherwise specified.
In one embodiment, the encoded information includes time point synchronization information (abbreviated as synchronization information) and unique identification information (UID), and the location of the UID can be identified according to the time point synchronization information, whether a periodic variation pattern or a non-periodic variation pattern. In a further embodiment, the encoded information includes time point synchronization information, unique identification information (UID), timestamp information, and other function code information, etc., as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the point-in-time synchronization information is used to synchronize the encoded information by the personal device; the UID is a unique identifier and can be in one-to-one correspondence with the attributes of things related to the optical label, network service addresses or other information; the time stamp information is used for carrying information related to time; the function code information is used for carrying some function information on the optical label, such as position, temperature and other information acquired by optional other modules (sensors and the like) in real time. For example, the optical label changes the wavelength (color) in a predetermined pattern within 1s, and the change pattern may represent the time point synchronization information + UID information. For example, the optical tag blinks in some predetermined pattern within 1s, and the variation pattern may represent time point synchronization information + UID information + time stamp information. For another example, the optical tag flashes within 1s in a predetermined pattern, and the change pattern may represent time point synchronization information + UID information + timestamp information + real-time information (e.g., temperature, location information) of the sensor. It should be noted that the encoding positions of the four information are not necessarily arranged in the order of fig. 2, but any other possible ordering may be adopted. For example, for 100-bit long encoded information, the time point synchronization information may be all even-numbered bits of the 1 st bit, UID information of 2-100, and the time stamp information and other function code information are the first 23 bits and the last 26 bits of all odd-numbered bits of 2-100, respectively.
The time stamp information may be a number of seconds or minutes from a preset starting time (e.g., 2014, 1 month, 1 day, beijing, time 0, minute, 0 second) to the current time, and may be provided by a clock in the control circuit. The optical label is endowed with the time attribute of the things bound by the optical label, so that the optical label becomes a four-dimensional label with a time dimension, and the optical label has wide application. For example, by time stamping, it can be defined that a photo-tag bound matter can only be operated for a specific time period; it can also be defined that the operation of things corresponding to a plurality of optical labels must satisfy a certain timing relationship.
Second, control circuit and power supply
The control circuit is used for controlling the change mode of the light emitted by the light emitting source, providing time stamp information and processing operation responsible for hardware faults. According to one embodiment, the control circuit will switch off all light emitting sources when the control circuit detects that any one of the light emitting sources is malfunctioning.
The power supply is used for providing energy for the control circuit and the luminous source, and the power supply can be a battery or other power supply equipment such as commercial power.
Third, optional other modules
In one embodiment, the optical label may also include other functional modules, like various sensors, such as a position sensor, a temperature sensor, and a light sensor.
The operation of the light source is described below by taking the blinking variation pattern as an example. The light emitting source emits the light signal by flashing in a predetermined pattern, which may employ various lighting techniques, for example, the light emitting source may be a light bulb (e.g., an LED light bulb), and for a flashing variation pattern, the plurality of light emitting sources may be a plurality of light bulbs emitting light of the same wavelength, or preferably, a plurality of light bulbs emitting light of different wavelengths (including visible and non-visible light bands). For the wavelength variation pattern, the plurality of light emitting sources may vary in wavelength over time in the same variation pattern, or preferably, in different variation patterns. The setting of the light emitting sources relates to the setting of the number of the light emitting sources, the setting of the light wave bands, the setting of the variation frequency, and the setting of the flicker information, which will be described below with reference to fig. 3.
1. Number of light sources
Factors to consider when setting the number of light sources include: the optical label consumes energy and is easily recognized by a personal device having an image pickup device (hereinafter also simply referred to as a personal device). It should be understood that the personal devices described herein include, but are not limited to, cell phones, tablet computers, smart glasses, and the like.
Under the condition that power is needed to be supplied by a power supply, energy consumption is an important performance index, and low energy consumption requires a small number of light emitting sources on the optical label; considering the factor of personal device identification, the larger the number of light sources, the more beneficial the personal device to perform subsequent processing such as positioning, denoising, and initial time point synchronization of the light sources, and to identify more things. In view of the above two factors, the number N of the light emitting sources of the present invention is preferably 3 to 6.
2. Wavelength of light of each light source
Factors to consider in setting the wavelength of the light emitting source include: suitable for different application environments, capable of being captured by a personal device having a camera means, and, in the case of light wave fusion, capable of recognizing each light wave by the personal device. These three factors are described separately below.
①, different types of wavelengths may be selected for different application environments, for example, invisible light waves, such as light waves in the infrared or ultraviolet bands, may be selected in environments where the optical label is not intended to be noticed by a person (e.g., indoor environments), visible light waves may be selected in environments where it is desired to be observed by the human eye (e.g., outdoor environments).
②, since the light emitted by the light source must be captured by the camera of the personal device, which requires that the wavelength band of the light should meet the shooting specifications of the camera, when the light invisible to the human eye is selected as described above, consideration must be given to whether the camera of the personal device can capture the light.
③, in some scenarios, such as capturing the flashing light of light emitting sources from an ultra-far distance or from an edge viewing angle, the multiple light emitting sources in the optical label may be fused into one (i.e., light wave fusion), which requires that the superposition of all possible combinations of light waves be unique and distinct for an optical label since the personal device needs to resolve the fused light wave to identify the light wave emitted by each light emitting source (described below).
A) Representing the light wave as a vector on a computer, and searching N (N is more than or equal to 2) light waves of the N light-emitting sources so that the light waves of the N light-emitting sources on the optical label are orthogonalized, wherein the orthogonalization detection can be detected by whether the dot product between the vectors is 0 or not; and such that the vector distance between them is equal and maximal, where the vector distance can be measured by the euclidean distance between the vectors.
B) Ensuring that the superposition results of any combination of light waves are unique, wherein the sum of the results isAnd (4) a combination mode. And (3) superposing all combinations of the N orthogonal light waves, if the results are found to be coincident, changing the wavelengths of some light waves in the N light waves, and repeating the process to finally ensure the uniqueness of the light wave superposition.
The light wave w of N luminous sources on the optical label can be obtained according to the steps1,w2,…,wN(however, the selection step in ③ above may be omitted without consideration of lightwave fusion).
The setting of the wavelength is described above for the flicker variation pattern, and for the wavelength variation pattern, each light emitting source may vary the wavelength with different variation patterns over time, and then the variable wavelength range of each light emitting source needs to be set, so that the light waves emitted by each light emitting source can be identified when the light waves are fused.
3. Varying frequency
The variation frequency is the number of times that the light emitted from each light emitting source is variable within 1s (i.e., the maximum number of variations). For example, in the flicker variation mode, the abscissa represents time, and the ordinate represents on/off of the light emitting source (for example, 1 represents on, and 0 represents off), the uninterrupted on/off of the light emitting source (i.e., variation of emitted light) is represented by 1 and 0 with a fixed time interval t in a two-dimensional coordinate system, and the reciprocal of the fixed time interval t is the variation frequency. It will be appreciated that the frequency of variation is the maximum number of variations within 1s of the light emitted by the light emitting source, and that the light emitting source may also be varied at a time t which is a positive integer from the last variation.
This change is a change in intensity of the light-up and light-off. If the frequency of the light change is f, then there are f 1/f second time periods within 1s, and the light can have two choices of high intensity and low intensity (possibly embodied as on and off) at each moment.
Factors considered in setting the frequency of change include: whether it can be acquired by the personal device and whether it is suitable for the application scenario where the identification can be delivered, respectively, are described below.
①, in order to make the light emitted by the optical label captured by the personal device with the camera device, the shooting frame rate of the camera device on the personal device is usually required to be equal to or higher than 2 times of the variation frequency of the light emitting source, because the camera shutter exists, it takes a certain time to shoot a frame of picture, so it needs to sample twice in each time period to correctly judge the state of the light emitted by the optical label in the time period.
In some cases, the shooting capability of the camera device can be compensated by a special coding mode or by prolonging the shooting time. For example, if the variation frequency of the light source and the period of variation of the emitted light (i.e., the time for emitting light representing one complete piece of encoded information, referred to as the period) are b hz and c sec, respectively, and the shooting frequency of the image pickup device is a hz, the shortest time required for shooting is nc sec (where n is an integer and the shooting time must be an integer multiple of the period), and the relationship therebetween satisfies:if t represents the time when the video is captured, then
For another example, if the variation frequency of the light source and the variation period of the emitted light are b Hz and c seconds, respectively, and the mobile phone photographing frequency is a Hz, b is satisfied>a/2, provided m is an upper integer of 2b/a, i.e.In one embodiment, the change of the light emitted from the optical label in the second of mc can be obtained by prolonging the shooting time in the following manner (the identification method is described in the following text): firstly, shooting for c seconds by a mobile phone to obtain an a frame picture; secondly, stopping shooting for 1/ma second and then shooting for c seconds to obtain another a frame picture; repeating the second step m-2 times to obtain another (m-2) a frame. A total ma frame picture is obtained which contains all the information that the light emitted by the optical label with a variation frequency of bHz varies within c seconds.
For the above example, in another embodiment, the following encoding may be used to enable the personal device to capture the change in light emitted by the optical label in c seconds in about mc seconds: firstly, the optical label executes the change of light in a period of c seconds; a second step of stopping for 1/ma second, and then performing a change of light for a period of c seconds (corresponding to a phase shift of 1/ma second); and repeating the second step m-2 times to complete the whole encoding process. The personal device does not need to make any change, and all the light change information of the optical label in c seconds can be obtained only by shooting for about mc seconds.
②, the application scenario that can deliver identification includes that the user can identify the optical label in the video transmitted from the network, in general, this requires the change frequency to be equal to or lower than the frame rate of the video transmitted (i.e. the number of frames played in one second), for example, assuming the frame rate of the video is 30Hz, the change frequency needs to be equal to or lower than 30 Hz.
In some cases, the number of play frames can be compensated by extending the play time of the video. For example: if the change frequency of the luminous source and the period of the emitted light change are b Hz and c seconds respectively, the shooting frame rate is aHz, and the video playing frame rate is dHz, the ac frame picture shot at c seconds can be extended to ac/d seconds for playing, that is, all the light change information during shooting can be retained. In a preferred embodiment, the frequency of variation may be set to 50 Hz.
4. Flashing information
With continued reference to fig. 3, factors to be considered for setting the flicker information include: the minimum flicker frequency, the coding information, and the coding space are described separately below. It should be understood that for other variation patterns other than the blinking pattern, the blinking information may not be considered.
①, the flicker frequency is defined as the reciprocal of the time interval between two lights, for example, in the light label with the change frequency of 50Hz, the time interval between two lights can be integral multiple of 20ms, then the flicker frequency can be 50/nHz, wherein n is a natural number, since the time interval between two adjacent lights is integral multiple of the reciprocal of the change frequency, the time interval between two adjacent lights is large or small, and the reciprocal of the largest time interval is defined as the minimum flicker frequency in the light change information representing the complete coded information.
Factors considered when setting the minimum flicker frequency include: the human eye does not feel the flickering of the optical label. Because optical labels can be extremely annoying to a user if the human eye can perceive the flicker of visible light, the minimum flicker frequency of an optical label is required to be greater than the flicker frequency of light perceived by the human eye (i.e., greater than 24 Hz). It should be noted that if invisible light is used, the setting of the minimum flicker frequency need not be considered. In a preferred embodiment, the minimum flicker frequency is set to 30 Hz. In the case of visible light, since the minimum flicker frequency is limited to be greater than 24Hz, the encoding method is limited, i.e., the encoding space becomes small. Therefore, in a case where the encoding space is limited, the minimum flicker frequency may not be considered.
②, as described above, the encoded information may include point in time synchronization information, unique identification information (UID), timestamp information, and optionally other function code information.
The optical label needs to express information (information of associated things) by a period of light blinking. In order for the personal device to be able to identify this information, it is first necessary to determine the synchronization information. When the personal device captures the synchronization information, the information following or at a particular location is encoded information.
For example, in the case of having 3 light sources A, B, C, the 3 light sources A, B, C may be on at one time (a-on, B-on, C-on) to represent the time point synchronization information (note that in this case, other encoded information cannot use the time point synchronization information any longer, i.e., the 3 light sources cannot be all on at the same time period). As another example, the time point synchronization information may be represented by a plurality of time periods, such as 3 light sources A, B, C and 4 time periods, one scheme being (A-on, B-on, C-off; A-on, B-off, C-on; A-off, B-on, C-on; A-on, B-on, C-on). Where on indicates light and off indicates off (or dark).
At a specific location (e.g., immediately after) before and after the synchronization information, the light emitting source flashes for a certain length of time to complete the unique identification information (UID) that the optical tag needs to represent, the timestamp information, and optionally other function code information, thereby completing the flashing within a complete time period (i.e., the period of change in the emitted light) L. As mentioned above, the optical labels may blink periodically (and may also be aperiodic) all the time in this manner. Note that, in each cycle, the flicker corresponding to the time point synchronization information and the UID information is constant; the flicker corresponding to the timestamp information can be changed or unchanged and is preset; the flicker corresponding to other function code information (e.g., sensor information) may or may not be changed, and may or may not be preset.
③, since the optical label needs to give each thing a unique ID, which requires that its UID code space be large enough, it determines the length of the above one complete time period (i.e. the length in time of the change pattern of the light representing the coded information).
In the case of 4 light sources, a variation frequency of 50Hz, a minimum flicker frequency of 30Hz, and a time period of 1 second, the coding space is about 1620. If 4 luminous sources are used as synchronous information and half of the rest bits are UID information, the coding space of UID is 1510These coding spaces are sufficient for various applications in real life.
It should be understood that the flicker information is set only for the intensity variation pattern, and for the light wave variation pattern, the minimum flicker frequency is not considered.
There is also provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a method of identifying an optical label.
Each step of the method is described with reference to fig. 4, it should be noted that the steps of the method described in the specification are not necessarily essential, and one or more of the steps may be omitted or replaced according to actual situations.
The first step is as follows: a personal device having a camera device captures light variation information emitted from an optical label in the form of a captured video.
The camera device on the personal device captures light variation information (e.g., light flicker information) M emitted by the optical label. Generally, if the frame rate is greater than or equal to twice the variation frequency, the time period for the acquisition is at least equal to the length of the time period, i.e., greater than or equal to the length of the time period. Thus, M must include the complete encoded information. For example, for the above 1 second period, the personal device only needs to acquire 1 second, and the acquisition time is short, which is within the time range acceptable to the user.
In some cases, if the shooting frame rate is less than twice the change frequency, the change information of the collected optical label can be acquired by prolonging the shooting time. The variation frequency of the optical label and the variation period of the emitted light are respectively b Hz and c sec, the shooting frequency of the camera device is a Hz, and a<2b, and 2 b. Photographing for at least nc seconds (n is an integer),all the change information of the optical label in the period of c seconds can be collected. If t represents the time when the video is captured, then
As described above, if the variation frequency of the light emission source and the period of variation of the emitted light are b Hz and c sec, respectively, the photographing frequency of the image pickup device is a Hz, and b is satisfied>a/2, provided m is an upper integer of 2b/a, i.e.Then, in one embodiment, the change of the light emitted by the optical label in the c seconds can be obtained by extending the shooting time in the mc seconds in the following manner: 1. the mobile phone firstly shoots for c seconds to obtain an a frame picture; 2. stopping shooting for 1/ma second and then shooting for c seconds to obtain another a frame picture; repeating the step 2 m-2 times to obtain another (m-2) a frame. In total, an ma frame picture is obtained which contains all the information that the light emitted by the bHz light label changes within c seconds.
It should be noted that the flicker information may also be obtained directly from the video in the network transmission. Wherein the time of playing the video transmitted from the networkWherein a is the frame rate of shooting the video; c is the time (i.e. period) when the optical label represents the encoded information, and d is the video playback frame rate.
The second step is that: removing noise
Firstly, removing non-light wave information;
then, removing the light wave information with the frequency of 0 and the frequency of more than the preset frequency F; therefore, the unnecessary image information in the shot picture can be filtered, and the subsequent processing is convenient;
finally, bands not belonging to any of the combined bands (i.e. as described above) are removedSeed combinations) of light wave information.
It should be understood that this step may also be omitted in case noise in the video does not affect the result of the recognition. Preferably, this step is employed to facilitate the positioning and synchronization of subsequent optical labels.
The third step: decomposing the fused light wave
Firstly, detecting whether the phenomenon of light wave fusion occurs or not, wherein the step can be obtained by matching all the light wave superposition results;
and if the light wave fusion is detected to occur, restoring the original light wave signal by inquiring the light wave combination corresponding to the superposition result. In the case of no light wave fusion, this step is skipped.
The fourth step: positioning optical labels and synchronization
Since multiple optical tags may appear in the captured video, multiple optical flickering information emitted by the multiple optical tags may be obtained. In one embodiment, the light wave information w can be determined according to the synchronization information, the number of light sources N and the light wave information1,w2,…,wNAnd positioning the optical label and completing synchronization by the adjacent positions of the light emitting sources on the optical label, comprising the following substeps:
1. dividing an optical signal on a captured video into a plurality of regions according to a spatial distance, wherein adjacent optical signals belong to one region;
2. adjusting the size of each region to make each region include exactly all the light wave information w of one optical label1,w2,…,wN。
3. Acquiring light flicker information of a time period length in each region, and acquiring a code corresponding to the light flicker information;
4. matching synchronization information tc0If the matching is successful, the optical signals in the area come from the same optical label and the synchronization is completed; if the match fails, the region is discarded.
It will be appreciated that the above method can be extended to optical label positioning with different numbers of light emitting sources, where each region can include a different number of light emitting sources in substep 2 (i.e., not limited to w)1,w2,…,wN)。
The fifth step: obtaining encoded information
And after the time point synchronization, recording the light flicker information within a time period, obtaining the coding information C according to the light flicker information, restoring the synchronization information, the UID information, the timestamp information and optional other function code information according to the positions of the predefined coding information, and completing the identification process.
With the above-described identification method, a personal apparatus having an image pickup device can quickly identify an optical label at a long distance. Where the distance of identification may be greater than 10 meters, and in some cases may be up to several kilometers or more, the time of identification is approximately one time period long. In addition, the personal device can identify the optical label in the video transmitted by the network and operate the bound things.
There is also provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, apparatus for identifying an optical label, including an image capture device and an identification device.
The camera device is used for acquiring change information of light characteristics emitted by the light label; the identification device is used for obtaining the coded information from the change information of the light characteristics to complete identification.
Fig. 5 shows an application scenario of the optical label provided by the present invention. The optical label is attached to an object (it should be understood that the optical label may not be attached to the object), the operation on the object is performed by the cloud, the one-to-one correspondence between the network address of the operation on the object and the optical label code is stored in an optical label database (the database may also be stored in the cloud), and the binding of the correspondence is predefined before the optical label is used. A user uses a mobile phone (namely personal equipment) to identify the optical label to obtain a corresponding code; then, inquiring an optical label database to obtain a network address corresponding to the object operation; finally, the user can use the personal device to perform permitted operations in the authority range on the object.
For example, the object may be a table lamp in a smart home, and a user may perform operations such as switching on and off the table lamp. The object can be a pet, the network address of the object can correspond to the social network page of the pet or the telephone of the owner of the pet, and the user can leave a message or review and check the message or review and the like. The object may be a hotel, the network address of which serves the hotel, and the user may perform room booking and the like.
In summary, the optical label provided by the present invention can provide the user with the capability of operating the object in the visual range or the video that can be transmitted through the network. In addition, the inventor finds out through experiments that the identification distance of the optical label provided by the invention can reach at least 200 times of that of two-dimensional codes with the same size.
It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent alterations, modifications and combinations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (26)
1. An optical label comprising:
n light emitting sources that represent coded information by changing the characteristics of emitted light over a period of time and the time interval of each change is an integer multiple of the reciprocal of a change frequency b, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the change frequency b being the maximum number of changes in the characteristics of light within 1 second;
wherein, when the shooting frame rate a and the change frequency b of the image pickup device of the personal equipment satisfy b > a/2 and the time representing the complete code information is c, the N luminous sources transmit the code information thereof by:
the N luminous sources emit light representing coded information at time c; the N luminous sources stop for 1/ma, and emit light representing coded information for time c; repeating the stopping and transmitting process m-2 times; wherein,
2. the optical label of claim 1, wherein the encoded information comprises synchronization information and unique identification information, the synchronization information being used to locate the unique identification information.
3. The optical tag of claim 2, wherein the encoded information further comprises time stamp information.
4. The optical label of claim 1, wherein the characteristic of the light is an intensity of the light.
5. The optical label of claim 1 wherein the characteristic of light is a wavelength of light.
6. The optical tag of claim 1, wherein the frequency of change is less than or equal to a playback rate of video on the personal device.
7. The optical tag of claim 1 or 2, wherein the N light emitting sources emit light within a capture range of a camera of the personal device.
8. An optical label according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wavelength of the light emitted by each of the N light emitting sources is different.
9. The optical label of claim 8, wherein any combination of the light emitted by the N light-emitting sources corresponds to a unique superposition of wavelengths.
10. The optical label of claim 1, wherein the light is characterized by an intensity, the change in characteristic is that the light emitting source is on or off, and the light emitted by the light emitting source is visible light, and the maximum time interval between two adjacent light emitting sources during the period of time is less than 1/24 seconds.
11. The optical label of claim 1 or 2, N being an integer from 3 to 6.
12. The optical label of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
a control circuit for controlling the N light-emitting sources to change the characteristics of the emitted light.
13. The optical tag of claim 12, said control circuit further configured to detect said light emitting sources and to turn off all light emitting sources when any one of the light emitting sources is detected as malfunctioning.
14. The optical label of claim 13, further comprising:
a power supply for providing energy to the light source and the control circuit.
15. The optical label of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
and the other functional modules are used for providing the sensed information.
16. The optical tag of claim 15, wherein the encoded information further comprises sensed information.
17. A method of identifying an optical label according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising:
step 1), collecting the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label; and
and 2) obtaining coding information from the change information of the optical characteristics to finish identification.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein step 1) comprises:
and acquiring a video or playing the video transmitted by the network, wherein the video comprises the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the time at which the video is captured is represented as follows:
where a is the frame rate of the captured video, b is the change frequency, and c is the time representing the complete encoded information.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein when the frame rate a and the variation frequency b of the captured video satisfy b > a/2 and the time representing the complete encoded information is c, capturing a segment of video comprises:
step a), shooting the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label for time c to obtain a frame a;
step b), stopping shooting for 1/ma second and then shooting for time c to obtain a frame a; wherein,
and c) repeating the step b) m-2 times to obtain another (m-2) a frame picture.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the time to play the video transmitted over the network is represented as follows:
wherein a is the frame rate of the collected video; c is the time to represent the complete encoded information and d is the frame rate at which the video is played.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein step 1) further comprises:
removing noise information from the captured video; and
and detecting whether the superposed light waves exist or not, and if so, decomposing the superposed light waves and reducing to obtain the light waves before superposition.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein step 1) further comprises:
the positions of the light emitting sources are located in the video, and the change information of the corresponding light characteristics is obtained.
24. The method of claim 17, wherein step 2) comprises:
and obtaining the coded information according to the change information of the light characteristics.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein step 2) further comprises:
and identifying the synchronous information from the coded information, and obtaining unique identification information according to the synchronous information.
26. An apparatus for identifying an optical label according to any one of claims 1-16, comprising:
the camera device is used for collecting the change information of the light characteristics emitted by the light label; and
and the identification device is used for obtaining the coded information from the change information of the light characteristics to finish identification.
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| CN110472452B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2021-05-25 | 北京外号信息技术有限公司 | Auxiliary identification method based on optical label network |
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| CN110943778B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-12-07 | 北京外号信息技术有限公司 | Optical communication device and method for transmitting and receiving information |
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| CN109671037B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Light source identification method and system for visible light communication |
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