CN105730266A - Transmission system for three-gear electric automobile - Google Patents
Transmission system for three-gear electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN105730266A CN105730266A CN201610048126.5A CN201610048126A CN105730266A CN 105730266 A CN105730266 A CN 105730266A CN 201610048126 A CN201610048126 A CN 201610048126A CN 105730266 A CN105730266 A CN 105730266A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing
- B60K17/12—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing of electric gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公布了一种三挡位电动汽车的传动系统，包括动力电池，其输入端与充电接口连接；所述动力电池的第一输出端与控制单元连接，为控制单元提供高压工作电源，同时将电量、温度以及电流信息反馈给控制单元；所述动力电池的第二输出端通过DC/DC转换器与辅助蓄电池连接；所述辅助蓄电池的输出端通过点火开关与控制单元连接，为所述控制单元提供低压工作电源；所述控制单元的输入端分别与加速踏板位置传感器、挡位传感器、制动传感器以及车速传感器连接，所述控制单元的控制输出端与电机连接，所述电机的输出端依次通过单排行星齿轮机构、主减速器和差速器与车轮连接。本发明的电动汽车克服了普通电动汽车道路适应性差的缺点。
The invention discloses a transmission system of a three-gear electric vehicle, which includes a power battery, the input end of which is connected to a charging interface; the first output end of the power battery is connected to a control unit to provide a high-voltage working power supply for the control unit, and at the same time The power, temperature and current information are fed back to the control unit; the second output terminal of the power battery is connected to the auxiliary storage battery through a DC/DC converter; the output terminal of the auxiliary storage battery is connected to the control unit through an ignition switch, for the The control unit provides a low-voltage working power supply; the input terminals of the control unit are respectively connected with the accelerator pedal position sensor, the gear position sensor, the brake sensor and the vehicle speed sensor, the control output terminals of the control unit are connected with the motor, and the output of the motor The end is connected with the wheel through a single-row planetary gear mechanism, a final drive and a differential in turn. The electric vehicle of the invention overcomes the disadvantage of poor road adaptability of ordinary electric vehicles.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种三挡位电动汽车的传动系统。The invention relates to a transmission system of a three-gear electric vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
电动汽车具有节能、环保、经济性好等优点，为了减轻重量、通常不单独设置变速器，导致道路适应性差，影响了电动汽车的使用范围及效果。Electric vehicles have the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, and good economy. In order to reduce weight, transmissions are usually not installed separately, resulting in poor road adaptability and affecting the range and effect of electric vehicles.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是针对现有技术存在的缺陷提供一种三挡位电动汽车的传动系统。The object of the present invention is to provide a transmission system for a three-speed electric vehicle aiming at the defects in the prior art.
本发明为实现上述目的，采用如下技术方案：一种三挡位电动汽车的传动系统，包括动力电池，其输入端与充电接口连接；所述动力电池的第一输出端与控制单元连接，为控制单元提供高压工作电源，同时将电量、温度以及电流信息反馈给控制单元；所述动力电池的第二输出端通过DC/DC转换器与辅助蓄电池连接；所述辅助蓄电池的输出端通过点火开关与控制单元连接，为所述控制单元提供低压工作电源；所述控制单元的输入端分别与加速踏板位置传感器、挡位传感器、制动传感器以及车速传感器连接，所述控制单元的控制输出端与电机连接，所述电机的输出端依次通过单排行星齿轮机构、主减速器和差速器与车轮连接。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a transmission system of a three-gear electric vehicle, including a power battery, the input end of which is connected to a charging interface; the first output end of the power battery is connected to a control unit, for The control unit provides a high-voltage working power supply, and at the same time feeds back information on power, temperature and current to the control unit; the second output terminal of the power battery is connected to the auxiliary battery through a DC/DC converter; the output terminal of the auxiliary battery is connected to the auxiliary battery through the ignition switch It is connected with the control unit to provide low-voltage working power for the control unit; the input terminals of the control unit are respectively connected with the accelerator pedal position sensor, the gear sensor, the brake sensor and the vehicle speed sensor, and the control output terminals of the control unit are connected with the The motor is connected, and the output end of the motor is connected with the wheel through a single-row planetary gear mechanism, a final reducer and a differential in turn.
进一步的，所述电机的第一输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构中的太阳轮连接，第二输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构中的齿圈连接；所述控制单元的第一信号输出端通过第一离合器控制所述电机的第一输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构中的太阳轮接合，其第二信号输出端通过第二离合器控制所述电机的第二输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构中的齿圈接合，其第三信号输出端通过第一制动器对所述单排行星齿轮机构中的太阳轮进行制动，其第四信号输出端通过第二制动器对所述单排行星齿轮机构中的齿圈进行制动。Further, the first output shaft of the motor is connected to the sun gear in the single-row planetary gear mechanism, and the second output shaft is connected to the ring gear in the single-row planetary gear mechanism; the first output shaft of the control unit The signal output terminal controls the first output shaft of the motor to engage with the sun gear in the single-row planetary gear mechanism through the first clutch, and the second signal output terminal controls the second output shaft of the motor to engage with the sun gear through the second clutch. The ring gear in the single-row planetary gear mechanism is engaged, and its third signal output terminal brakes the sun gear in the single-row planetary gear mechanism through the first brake, and its fourth signal output terminal brakes the sun gear in the single-row planetary gear mechanism through the second brake. The ring gear in the single row planetary gear mechanism performs braking.
进一步的，所述电机为永磁无刷直流电动机。Further, the motor is a permanent magnet brushless DC motor.
本发明的有益效果：本发明的电动汽车通过单排行星齿轮机构能形成3个挡位，无单独设置的变速器，挡位变化由控制单元自动控制，克服了普通电动汽车道路适应性差的缺点，且具有结构与控制简单、成本低、使用方便、能适应不同行驶道路、自动换挡的特点。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the electric vehicle of the present invention can form three gears through the single-row planetary gear mechanism, without a separate transmission, and the change of gears is automatically controlled by the control unit, which overcomes the shortcoming of poor road adaptability of ordinary electric vehicles, The utility model has the characteristics of simple structure and control, low cost, convenient use, adaptability to different driving roads, and automatic gear shifting.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的功能原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the functional principle of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
图1所示，涉及一种三挡位电动汽车的传动系统，包括动力电池2，其输入端与充电接口1连接；所述动力电池2的第一输出端与控制单元6连接，为控制单元6提供高压工作电源，同时将电量、温度以及电流信息反馈给控制单元6；所述动力电池2的第二输出端通过DC/DC转换器3与辅助蓄电池4连接；所述辅助蓄电池4的输出端通过点火开关5与控制单元6连接，为所述控制单元6提供低压工作电源；所述控制单元6的输入端分别与加速踏板位置传感器、挡位传感器、制动传感器以及车速传感器连接，所述控制单元6的控制输出端与电机7连接，所述电机7的输出端依次通过单排行星齿轮机构12、主减速器16和差速器17与车轮18连接。As shown in Fig. 1, it relates to a transmission system of a three-speed electric vehicle, including a power battery 2, the input end of which is connected to a charging interface 1; the first output end of the power battery 2 is connected to a control unit 6, which is a control unit 6. Provide a high-voltage working power supply, and feed back the information on power, temperature and current to the control unit 6; the second output terminal of the power battery 2 is connected to the auxiliary battery 4 through the DC/DC converter 3; the output of the auxiliary battery 4 Terminal is connected with control unit 6 through ignition switch 5, provides low-voltage working power supply for described control unit 6; The control output end of the control unit 6 is connected to the motor 7, and the output end of the motor 7 is connected to the wheels 18 through the single-row planetary gear mechanism 12, the final reducer 16 and the differential 17 in sequence.
具体的方案中，所述电机7的第一输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构12中的太阳轮14连接，第二输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构12中的齿圈13连接；所述控制单元6的第一信号输出端通过第一离合器9控制所述电机的第一输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构12中的太阳轮14接合，其第二信号输出端通过第二离合器8控制所述电机的第二输出轴与所述单排行星齿轮机构12中的齿圈13接合，其第三信号输出端通过第一制动器11对所述单排行星齿轮机构12中的太阳轮14进行制动，其第四信号输出端通过第二制动器10对所述单排行星齿轮机构12中的齿圈13进行制动。In a specific solution, the first output shaft of the motor 7 is connected to the sun gear 14 in the single-row planetary gear mechanism 12, and the second output shaft is connected to the ring gear 13 in the single-row planetary gear mechanism 12; The first signal output end of the control unit 6 controls the first output shaft of the motor to engage with the sun gear 14 in the single row planetary gear mechanism 12 through the first clutch 9, and its second signal output end through the second The clutch 8 controls the second output shaft of the motor to engage with the ring gear 13 in the single-row planetary gear mechanism 12, and its third signal output terminal is connected to the sun gear in the single-row planetary gear mechanism 12 through the first brake 11. The wheel 14 is braked, and its fourth signal output end brakes the ring gear 13 in the single row planetary gear mechanism 12 through the second brake 10 .
其中，当所述电机7为永磁无刷直流电动机时，其工作电压为动力电池电压，它由控制单元6控制。当电机7为驱动模式时，控制单元6通过控制相序与频率来控制电机7的转动方向及转速大小；控制单元6还可控制电机7处于发电工作模式，将车辆行驶的部分动能转化为电能、即进行“能量回收”。同时，电机7将转子位置、电机温度等技术参数反馈给控制单元6，以便控制单元6对电机7进行控制，在必要时还可启动保护模式。Wherein, when the motor 7 is a permanent magnet brushless DC motor, its working voltage is the power battery voltage, which is controlled by the control unit 6 . When the motor 7 is in the drive mode, the control unit 6 controls the rotation direction and the speed of the motor 7 by controlling the phase sequence and frequency; the control unit 6 can also control the motor 7 to be in the power generation mode, and convert part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electric energy , That is, "energy recovery". At the same time, the motor 7 feeds back technical parameters such as rotor position and motor temperature to the control unit 6, so that the control unit 6 can control the motor 7, and can also start a protection mode when necessary.
本发明中，控制单元6主要用于接收并处理各种外部输入信号，按照预定程序控制电机7的转速及转动方向，也能在能量回收模式时控制电机将车辆的动能进行能量回收、给动力电池充电；按照预定程序控制各离合器与制动器的动作，使各离合器与制动器处于不同的工作状态；同时，动力电池将电压、电流、温度、电量等技术参数信息反馈给控制单元，控制单元对控制参数进行调整或修正，在必要时还可启动保护模式。In the present invention, the control unit 6 is mainly used to receive and process various external input signals, control the speed and direction of rotation of the motor 7 according to a predetermined program, and can also control the motor to recover the kinetic energy of the vehicle and provide power in the energy recovery mode. Battery charging; control the action of each clutch and brake according to the predetermined program, so that each clutch and brake are in different working states; at the same time, the power battery feeds back technical parameter information such as voltage, current, temperature, and power to the control unit, and the control unit controls the control unit. The parameters can be adjusted or corrected, and the protection mode can be activated if necessary.
工作原理与工作过程：点火开关5闭合，电动汽车进入工作状态。控制单元6根据加速踏板位置、挡位、制动、车速等传感器的信号，通过分析、计算确定电机是否工作及工作的模式、各离合器与制动器的工作状态。其中，各执行元件的工作状态、工作模式及切换都是自动控制的，它也决定了电动汽车的工作状态。Working principle and working process: the ignition switch 5 is closed, and the electric vehicle enters the working state. The control unit 6 determines whether the motor is working, the working mode, and the working status of each clutch and brake through analysis and calculation according to the signals of the accelerator pedal position, gear position, brake, vehicle speed and other sensors. Among them, the working state, working mode and switching of each actuator are automatically controlled, which also determines the working state of the electric vehicle.
空(N)挡：当挡位开关处于空挡时，电机不工作，所有离合器都处于分离状态、所有制动器都不制动。Neutral (N) gear: When the gear switch is in neutral gear, the motor does not work, all clutches are disengaged, and all brakes are not braked.
前进(D)挡：当挡位开关处于前进挡并踩加速踏板时，控制单元控制各执行元件以1挡起步，然后再根据加速踏板位置、车速等传感器的信号，自动控制工作模式及加减挡。各前进挡时执行元件的工作状态如下。Forward (D) gear: When the gear switch is in the forward gear and the accelerator pedal is stepped on, the control unit controls each actuator to start at the first gear, and then automatically controls the working mode and addition and subtraction according to the signals of the accelerator pedal position, vehicle speed and other sensors block. The working status of the actuators in each forward gear is as follows.
(1)1挡：电机正转，第一离合器9接合、第二离合器8不接合、第一制动器11不制动、第二制动器10制动。(1) 1st gear: the motor rotates forward, the first clutch 9 is engaged, the second clutch 8 is not engaged, the first brake 11 is not braking, and the second brake 10 is braking.
(2)2挡：电机正转，第一离合器9不接合、第二离合器8接合、第一制动器11制动、第二制动器10不制动。(2) 2nd gear: the motor rotates forward, the first clutch 9 is not engaged, the second clutch 8 is engaged, the first brake 11 is braked, and the second brake 10 is not braked.
(3)3挡：电机正转，第一离合器9与第二离合器8都接合、第一制动器11与第二制动器10都不制动。(3) 3rd gear: the motor rotates forward, both the first clutch 9 and the second clutch 8 are engaged, and neither the first brake 11 nor the second brake 10 brakes.
3、倒车(R)挡：当挡位开关处于倒车挡并踩加速踏板时，控制单元控制电机反转、第一离合器9接合、第二离合器8不接合、第一制动器11不制动、第二制动器10制动，车辆倒车行驶。3. Reverse (R) gear: When the gear switch is in the reverse gear and the accelerator pedal is stepped on, the control unit controls the motor to reverse, the first clutch 9 is engaged, the second clutch 8 is not engaged, the first brake 11 is not braked, and the second clutch 8 is not engaged. The second brake 10 brakes, and the vehicle runs in reverse.
4、前进行驶时的急减速、制动、超速工况如下：4. The sudden deceleration, braking and overspeed conditions when driving forward are as follows:
当车辆前进行驶时急减速、制动或车速超过设定的最高车速时，控制单元自动将电机工作模式转为能量回收模式。此时，第一离合器9与第二离合器8都接合、第一制动器11与第二制动器10都不制动，电机由驱动转为发电状态，车辆动能转为电能，并通过控制单元给动力电池充电。When the vehicle is rapidly decelerating, braking or the vehicle speed exceeds the set maximum speed when the vehicle is moving forward, the control unit will automatically switch the motor working mode to the energy recovery mode. At this time, both the first clutch 9 and the second clutch 8 are engaged, the first brake 11 and the second brake 10 are not braked, the motor changes from driving to generating state, and the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted into electric energy, which is fed to the power battery through the control unit. Charge.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107499121A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-22 | 无锡商业职业技术学院 | Four-wheel drive electric automobile transmission system |
| CN107599868A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-19 | 无锡商业职业技术学院 | Transmission system of electric automobile |
| CN107795167A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-13 | 北京机械工业自动化研究所 | One kind charging switching device, garage and charging forwarding method |
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