CN105730227A - Electric piston driven electric vehicle suitable for downhill braking - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric piston driven electric vehicle suitable for downhill braking. The electric vehicle comprises an electric piston motor, a flywheel connected with a crankshaft of the electric piston motor, a clutch arranged on the flywheel, a gearbox connected with the output shaft of the clutch, and a vehicle transmission system connected with the output shaft of the gearbox in a transmission manner. The ring gear on the outer edge of the flywheel is meshed with a driving gear of a starting system. The motor comprises a plurality of cylinder bodies, pistons made of permanent magnets in the cylinder bodies, and connecting rods used to connect the pistons with the crankshafts in a transmission manner. The crankshaft is arranged below each cylinder body. The upper end of the cylinder body is provided with an electromagnet which is on the same axis with the cylinder body. The coil of the electromagnet is connected with a coil driving circuit. The coil driving circuit is connected with a CPU unit. The electromagnet is arranged on a turnover mechanism. The upper dead center and the lower dead center of adjacent cylinder bodies are respectively provided with an upper travel switch and a lower travel switch connected with the CPU unit. The bottom of the cylinder body is provided with a Hall sensor connected with the CPU unit.

Description

An Electric Piston-Driven Electric Vehicle Suitable for Downhill Braking

This application is a divisional application, the application number of the original application is 201110027288.8, the application date is: January 25, 2011, and the name of the invention is: electric piston-driven electric vehicle suitable for downhill braking.

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles driven by electric piston motors, in particular to an electric piston-driven electric vehicle suitable for downhill braking.

Background technique

Chinese patent document CN101860168A discloses an electric motor, which removes the traditional engine air supply, fuel supply, exhaust, and ignition systems, and replaces them with electromagnet components. The piston is embedded with a permanent magnet, and then the current direction of the electromagnet coil is controlled. The piston is controlled to move up and down in the cylinder, and the piston outputs power through the connecting rod and crankshaft mechanism. The electric motor is suitable for vehicles such as automobiles and motorcycles.

There are also CN1996724A, CN1255767A, CN200990555Y and the like in patent documents similar to the above-mentioned technical solutions.

The disadvantage of the above-mentioned electric piston motor in the prior art is that the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet is changed by frequently switching the direction of current flowing through the electromagnet coil, thereby controlling the direction of the force between the electromagnet and the piston, and then controlling the direction of the piston. However, in the actual implementation process, since the current direction of the electromagnet coil cannot be changed instantaneously, the continuity and stability of the output power or torque of the motor cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the technical solution of changing the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet by switching the direction of the current flowing through the electromagnet coil to control the displacement direction of the piston is not practical.

In order to solve the above technical problems, Chinese patent document CN101697445A discloses a motor, which uses a pair of excitation coils arranged up and down to alternately conduct electricity to make the piston move back and forth. However, in the actual implementation process, since the current of the excitation coil cannot be changed instantaneously, and the upper and lower excitation coils have mutual crosstalk and magnetic neutralization, this solution cannot ensure the continuity and stability of the output power or torque of the motor.

How to improve the continuity and stability of the output power or torque of the electric piston motor is a technical problem to be solved in this field.

In addition, the existing electric vehicles often use motors to directly drive the wheels. Retrofitting existing gasoline and diesel vehicles into electric vehicles directly driven by motors is costly, cumbersome and difficult to implement. How to directly change the gasoline and diesel engine in the existing gasoline and diesel motor vehicle into an electric type, and utilize the flywheel, clutch, gearbox etc. in the original motor vehicle to directly drive the transmission system of the motor vehicle is a technical problem to be solved in this area.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric piston-driven electric vehicle with simple structure and suitable for downhill braking.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electric piston-driven electric vehicle suitable for downhill braking, which includes: an electric piston motor, a flywheel connected to the crankshaft of the electric piston motor, and a clutch, a gearbox connected to the output shaft of the clutch, a vehicle transmission system connected to the output shaft of the gearbox; the ring gear on the outer edge of the flywheel meshes with the drive gear of a starting system; the electric piston motor includes: a plurality of cylinders Body, pistons made of permanent magnets located in the cylinders and connecting rods for connecting the pistons with the crankshaft; the crankshafts are located below each cylinder; the upper end of the cylinder is provided with a cylinder An electromagnet with a coaxial core line, the coil of the electromagnet is connected with a coil drive circuit; the coil drive circuit is connected with a CPU unit; the electromagnet is arranged on the turning mechanism controlled by the CPU unit; the adjacent cylinder The upper and lower dead centers are respectively provided with up and down travel switches connected with the CPU unit, and the bottom of the cylinder is provided with a Hall sensor connected with the CPU unit; the CPU unit is also connected with a vehicle gradient sensor for detecting adjustment Speed sensor for speed pedal or handlebar position.

When the electric vehicle is started, the starting system is used to drive the flywheel and rotate the crankshaft, and the CPU unit detects the displacement direction of each piston through the Hall sensor at the bottom of each cylinder; If it is moving downward, the CPU unit will provide current in the corresponding direction to the coil of the electromagnet above the cylinder through the coil drive circuit, so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet is the same as that at the top of the piston, and the piston will Due to the downward repulsion from the electromagnet, the cylinder is accelerated to move downward; if the piston in the cylinder is measured to be displaced upward, the CPU unit will send the electromagnet above the cylinder through the coil drive circuit. The coils provide current in the corresponding direction, so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet is opposite to that at the top of the piston, and the piston accelerates upward in the cylinder due to the upward suction force from the electromagnet; when the coils of each electromagnet are energized After that, disconnect the starting system and keep the current direction in each coil unchanged; at the same time, when the CPU unit detects that the piston in a cylinder is about to reach the bottom dead center of the cylinder through the downstroke switch , the CPU unit controls the electromagnet above the cylinder to rotate 180° around the height center line of the electromagnet through the turning mechanism, and the piston at this time has reached the bottom dead center, because the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet at this time and The magnetic polarity of the top of the piston is opposite, and the piston starts to move upwards in the cylinder due to the upward suction force from the electromagnet; At the top dead center, the CPU unit controls the electromagnet above the cylinder to rotate 180° reversely around the height center line of the electromagnet through the turning mechanism, and the piston at this time has reached the top dead center. The magnetic polarity of the iron bottom is the same as the magnetic polarity of the top of the piston, and the piston starts to move downward due to the downward repulsion from the electromagnet; so repeated, so that each piston drives the crankshaft to run through the corresponding connecting rod and drives the flywheel to output Positive torque, the flywheel drives the vehicle transmission system through the clutch and the gearbox, thereby driving the electric vehicle; at the same time, the CPU unit detects the position of the speed control pedal or the handle through the speed control sensor, and then controls the current of each coil to realize vehicle speed control; When it is detected that the speed regulating pedal or the handle is released, the CPU unit controls the coil drive circuit to stop supplying power to each coil.

When the CPU unit detects that the current vehicle is on a downhill slope and the slope is greater than the steep slope value through the vehicle gradient sensor, and simultaneously detects that the speed control pedal or the handle has been released, the CPU unit starts the motor braking program, that is: the CPU unit The displacement direction of each piston is detected by the Hall sensor. If a piston is positively displaced downward, the CPU unit provides the corresponding coil with a current in the corresponding direction through the coil drive circuit, so that the corresponding electromagnet bottom The magnetic polarity is opposite to the magnetic polarity of the top of the piston to reduce the downward movement rate of the piston, thereby braking the crankshaft; if a positive upward displacement of a piston is detected, the CPU unit provides the corresponding direction to the corresponding coil through the coil drive circuit current, so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet is the same as that at the top of the piston, so as to reduce the upward movement rate of the piston, thereby braking the crankshaft; when the crankshaft is not stopped, if the CPU unit passes the When the down travel switch detects that the piston is about to reach the bottom dead center of the cylinder, the CPU unit controls the electromagnet above the cylinder to rotate 180° around the height center line of the electromagnet through the turning mechanism. The piston has reached the bottom dead center and starts to move upwards. Since the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet is the same as that at the top of the piston, the piston starts to move upwards while bearing the downward repulsion from the electromagnet to brake the crankshaft; If the CPU unit detects that the piston is about to reach the top dead center of the cylinder body through the upstroke switch, the CPU unit controls the electromagnet above the cylinder body to reversely rotate around the height center line of the electromagnet through the turning mechanism 180°, if the piston has reached the top dead center and starts to move downward, since the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet is opposite to the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston, the piston will brake due to the upward suction force from the electromagnet. Crankshaft; so repeatedly, so that the flywheel outputs negative torque externally, until the speed of the flywheel is lower than a low speed value, stop supplying power to each coil; or, until the CPU unit detects that the speed control pedal is stepped on or the handle When being turned, the CPU unit re-controls the flywheel to output positive torque.

Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) During the working process of the electric piston motor of the present invention, the coil current direction of the electromagnet remains unchanged; At this time, the electromagnet is controlled to quickly rotate 180° around its height center line to quickly switch the magnetic polarity of the upper and lower ends of the electromagnet, so that the electromagnet repeatedly generates positive force on the piston, and then drives the crankshaft and makes the flywheel output positive torque to the outside. The above scheme adopted by the present invention avoids the time delay caused by the inability of the coil current to achieve instantaneous commutation in the prior art, and further makes the output power or torque of the motor of the present invention have better continuity and stability, which is practical sex is better. (2) When the motor of the present invention is started, a starting system is used to rotate the flywheel, and the CPU unit detects the displacement direction of each piston through the Hall sensor in each cylinder, so that the direction of displacement of each piston can be driven by the coil drive circuit to Each coil provides current in a corresponding direction to realize that each piston drives the crankshaft to run continuously through a corresponding connecting rod, and then disconnects the starting system, thereby realizing reliable starting of the electric motor of the present invention. (3) When the flywheel is running and the flywheel needs to output negative torque to the outside, first stop supplying power to each coil, and then the CPU unit detects the displacement direction of each piston through the Hall sensor in each cylinder, and according to the displacement direction of each piston Provide current in the corresponding direction to each coil through the coil drive circuit and keep the current direction unchanged, and then according to the position of each piston, quickly switch the magnetic polarity of the upper and lower ends of the electromagnet by rotating the electromagnet around its height center line by 180°, so that The electromagnet repeatedly generates damping force on each piston, thereby braking the crankshaft and causing the flywheel to output negative torque to the outside and implement braking. The electric motor of the present invention automatically brakes when going down a steep slope, thereby ensuring driving safety. (4) The Hall sensor in the present invention is located at the center of the bottom of the cylinder, and is opposite to the center of the bottom surface of the piston. Since the two magnetic poles of the piston and the two magnetic poles of the electromagnet are distributed in the same straight line up and down, the electromagnetic signal acquired by the Hall sensor basically comes from the bottom of the piston, that is, the Hall sensor is basically not disturbed by the electromagnet, which ensures the reliability of the piston position detection. sex. During specific implementation, electromagnetic compensation and/or shielding measures for shielding electromagnetic signals in the vertical direction can also be used to improve the reliability of the output signal of the Hall sensor. (5) In the present invention, the pistons are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the height center line of the cylinder in the corresponding cylinder, so as to ensure better uniformity and stability of the action of each piston and the force on the crankshaft. (6) The electric vehicles of the present invention mainly refer to electric vehicles, and may also be electric motorcycles, electric tricycles, electric agricultural machinery vehicles, etc.

Description of drawings

(0013) In order to make the content of the present invention more easily understood, the present invention will be further described in detail based on specific embodiments below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the electric piston type motor in the embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a turning mechanism and a cylinder block used to control the electromagnet to rotate 180° around its height centerline adopted by the electric piston motor in the embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the circuit block diagram of the control circuit of described electric piston type motor;

Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the transmission system of the electric piston-driven electric vehicle in the embodiment;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of another turning mechanism and a cylinder adopted by the electric piston motor in the embodiment.

detailed description

1-3, the electric piston-driven electric vehicle suitable for downhill braking in this embodiment includes: a braking system, an electric piston motor 20, a flywheel connected to the crankshaft in the electric piston motor 20, a device The clutch 21 on the flywheel, the gearbox 22 connected with the output shaft of the clutch 21, the vehicle transmission system connected with the output shaft of the gearbox 22; the ring gear on the outer edge of the flywheel meshes with the driving gear of a starting system. The starting system adopts the starting system in the prior art which is matched with the existing gasoline engine.

The vehicle transmission system includes: a drive shaft 24 connected to the output shaft of the gearbox 22 via a universal joint 23, a differential 27 connected to the drive shaft 24 via another universal joint, and a differential 27 connected to the differential 27. The connected wheels are driven via half shafts 26 . Among them, a final reducer 25 may be provided between the drive shaft 24 and the differential 27 .

The electric piston motor 20 includes: a cylinder body 1 made of a plurality of high-resistance non-magnetic materials (such as: aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc.), a piston 5 made of a permanent magnet arranged in the cylinder body 1, a set The crankshaft 2 below each cylinder block 1 and the connecting rod 3 for connecting each piston 5 with the crankshaft 2; the upper end of the cylinder block 1 is provided with an electromagnet 7 coaxial with the cylinder block 1, The coil 8 of the electromagnet 7 is connected with a coil drive circuit; the height center line of the electromagnet 7 is provided with a rotating shaft 9, and the rotating shaft 9 is arranged above the cylinder body 1 through a pair of bearing seats 4; one end of the rotating shaft 9 passes through a gearbox 11 is connected to the stepping motor 12 for transmission; the coil drive circuit and the stepping motor 12 are connected to a CPU unit; the upper and lower dead centers of the adjacent cylinder body 1 are respectively provided with upper and lower stroke switches connected to the CPU unit 13 and 14; the center of the bottom of the cylinder body 1 is provided with a Hall sensor 15 connected to the CPU unit. The Hall sensor 15 is opposite to the center of the bottom surface of the piston 5 . The Hall sensor 15 is arranged in a metal tube of non-magnetic material, and the metal tube is coaxial with the piston 5 . In order to further make the electromagnetic signal acquired by the Hall sensor 15 basically come from the bottom of the piston. The CPU unit is also connected with a vehicle gradient sensor and a speed sensor for detecting the position of the speed control pedal or the handlebar.

(0017) The brake system includes: a brake pedal, a brake controlled by brake pedal transmission and a brake pedal sensor connected to the CPU unit for detecting the position of the brake pedal; the up and down travel switches 13 and 14 adopt contact or infrared travel switch. The cylindrical piston 5 is provided with a wear ring.

Each piston 5 is in a different stroke position in the cylinder 1, and each piston 5 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the height center line of the cylinder 1 in the corresponding cylinder 1, so as to ensure that the connecting rod 3 is suitable for continuously driving the crankshaft 2, and stabilize the torque output by the crankshaft 2.

When the electric vehicle starts, use the starting system to drive the flywheel so that the crankshaft 2 rotates, and the CPU unit detects the displacement direction of each piston 5 through the Hall sensor 15 at the bottom of each cylinder block 1; at this time, if It is measured that the piston 5 in the cylinder 1 is moving downward, and the CPU unit provides a corresponding direction of current to the coil 8 of the electromagnet 7 above the cylinder 1 through the coil drive circuit, so that the electromagnet 7. The magnetic polarity at the bottom is the same as the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston 5, and the piston 5 accelerates down in the cylinder 1 due to the downward repulsion from the electromagnet 7; Positive upward displacement, then the CPU unit provides the current of the corresponding direction to the coil 8 of the electromagnet 7 above the cylinder body 1 through the coil drive circuit, so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet 7 is consistent with the magnetic pole at the top of the piston 5 On the contrary, the piston 5 accelerates upward in the cylinder 1 due to the upward suction force from the electromagnet 7; after the coils 8 of each electromagnet 7 are energized, the starting system is disconnected and the current in each coil 8 is maintained. The direction remains unchanged; at the same time, when the CPU unit detects that the piston 5 in a cylinder 1 is about to reach the bottom dead center of the cylinder 1 through the down travel switch 14, the CPU unit outputs to the stepping motor 12. A pulse signal to drive the stepping motor 12 to rotate a fixed angle in a set direction, so that the stepping motor 12 controls the rotating shaft 9 to rotate 180° through the gearbox 11, and the piston 5 at this time is just Or have reached the bottom dead center, because the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet 7 is opposite to the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston 5, the piston 5 begins to move upwards in the cylinder body 1 due to the upper suction force from the electromagnet 7; When the CPU unit detects that the piston 5 is about to reach the top dead center of the cylinder body 1 through the upstroke switch 13, the CPU unit outputs another pulse signal to the stepping motor 12 to drive the stepping motor 12 in reverse. The direction rotates at a fixed angle, so that the stepper motor 12 controls the rotating shaft 9 to rotate 180° in reverse through the gearbox 11, and the piston 5 just or has reached the top dead center at this time, and the piston 5 is due to the downward repulsion And start to move downwards; so repeated, so that each piston 5 drives the crankshaft 2 to run through the corresponding connecting rod 3 to drive the flywheel to output positive torque, and the flywheel drives the vehicle transmission system through the clutch 21 and the gearbox 22, thereby driving electric car.

When the position of the speed regulating pedal or the handle in the non-releasing state is unchanged, the CPU unit detects the position of the piston 5 through the Hall sensor 15, so as to obtain the position of the piston 5 and the position of the piston 5 in the same cylinder 1. electromagnet 7, and adjust the current size in the coil 8 through the coil drive circuit in real time according to the distance, so that the piston 5 keeps the distance between the piston 5 and the electromagnet 7 during the upward and downward displacement process. The magnitude of the force between them is stable, so that the continuity and stability of the output power or torque of the motor is better. When the position of the speed regulating pedal or the handle changes, the CPU unit also adjusts the current in each coil 8 in real time with the distance between the piston 5 and the electromagnet 7 in the same cylinder 1, so that the piston 5 and the electromagnet 7 The force between the electromagnets 7 changes linearly, and corresponds to the position change of the speed regulating pedal or the handle, so that the vehicle speed changes linearly, so as to improve driving comfort.

The speed regulating pedal (which adopts the accelerator pedal of the automobile in the prior art) or the handlebar (which adopts the speed regulating handle of the electric bicycle in the prior art) of the electric vehicle is provided with a speed regulating handle connected with the CPU unit. The speed sensor, the CPU unit detects the position of the speed control pedal or the handle through the speed control sensor, and then controls the current of each coil 8, thereby realizing the speed control of the vehicle. The speed regulating sensor can be a pressure sensor, which outputs a corresponding pressure value signal according to the depth of the speed regulating pedal.

The CPU unit is also connected with a vehicle gradient sensor for detecting the vehicle chassis angle (the vehicle gradient sensor disclosed in Chinese patent document CN2703248 can be used); when the electric vehicle is moving forward, if the vehicle gradient sensor measures the current vehicle gradient sensor Climbing upwards, and measuring the position of the speed regulating pedal or the handle is constant, then the CPU unit automatically adjusts the current of each coil 8 accordingly according to the size of the slope, so that the speed of the vehicle is stable. If it is detected by the vehicle gradient sensor that the current vehicle is downhill and the position of the governor pedal or the handle is not changed, the CPU unit automatically lowers the current of each coil 8 according to the gradient to stabilize the vehicle speed.

(0023) When the CPU unit detects that the current vehicle is on a downhill slope greater than the steep slope value (for example, greater than 10°) through the vehicle slope sensor, and at the same time detects that the speed control pedal or handle has been released, regardless of the brake pedal Whether it is stepped on, the CPU unit starts the motor braking program, namely:

The CPU unit detects the displacement direction of each piston 5 through the Hall sensor 15. If a piston 5 is positively displaced downward, the CPU unit provides the corresponding coil 8 with a current in the corresponding direction through the coil drive circuit, so that The magnetic polarity at the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet 7 is opposite to the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston 5, so as to reduce the downward movement rate of the piston 5, thereby braking the crankshaft 2, that is, to make the flywheel output a negative torque to the outside; When the piston 5 is positively displaced upwards, the CPU unit provides current in the corresponding direction to the corresponding coil 8 through the coil drive circuit, so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet 7 is the same as the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston 5 to lower the piston 5. The upward movement rate, thereby braking the crankshaft 2.

When the crankshaft 2 does not stop running, if the CPU unit detects that the piston 5 is about to reach the bottom dead center of the cylinder body 1 through the downstroke switch 14, the CPU unit outputs a pulse signal to the stepping motor 12 , to drive the stepping motor 12 to rotate a fixed angle in a set direction, so that the stepping motor 12 controls the rotating shaft 9 to rotate 180° through the gearbox 11, if the piston 5 at this time is just or has reached Bottom dead center and start upward displacement, then because the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet 7 is the same as the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston 5, the piston 5 bears the downward repulsion from the electromagnet 7 and brakes the piston 5 when it begins to move upward. Crankshaft 2; if the CPU unit detects that the piston 5 is about to reach the top dead center of the cylinder body 1 through the upstroke switch 13, the CPU unit outputs another pulse signal to the stepper motor 12 to drive the stepper motor 12. The motor 12 reversely rotates a fixed angle, so that the stepping motor 12 controls the rotating shaft 9 to reversely rotate 180° through the gearbox 11. displacement, then because the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet 7 is opposite to the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston 5, the piston 5 brakes the crankshaft 2 due to the upper suction force from the electromagnet 7; Output negative torque until the vehicle speed drops below a low speed value (such as 15Km/h), stop supplying power to each coil 8; or until the CPU unit detects that the speed control pedal is stepped down or the handle is pressed again through the speed control sensor. When rotating, the CPU unit now re-controls the flywheel to output positive torque normally.

The CPU unit detects the displacement rate of each piston 5 through the Hall sensor 15 to determine whether the crankshaft 2 is stopped.

When the crankshaft 2 outputs braking torque to the outside, the current provided by the coil driving circuit to the coil 8 is a pulse current. One side of the coil 8 is provided with an air cooling device or the coil 8 is arranged in an oil cooling device; the duty cycle of the pulse current in the coil 8 is linearly or non-linearly negatively correlated with the temperature of the coil 8 to prevent Coil 8 overheats.

During the driving of the electric vehicle, if the CPU unit detects that the vehicle speed is lower than 30Km/h through the vehicle speed sensor, and the speed control pedal or the handle has been released, the CPU unit starts the idling coasting program. That is, the CPU unit controls the magnitude of the current in each coil 8, so that the speed of the vehicle is stabilized at 20Km/h.

The braking system of the electric vehicle adopts the braking system of the gasoline motor vehicle of the prior art.

When the vehicle speed is high, such as greater than 40Km/h, the CPU unit detects that the brake pedal is stepped on through the brake pedal sensor, that is, when the brake system performs braking, the CPU unit also starts the motor braking program until the crankshaft 2 When the operation is about to stop, stop supplying power to each coil 8; or, until the CPU unit detects that the brake pedal is released through the brake pedal sensor, that is, when the braking system stops performing braking, stop supplying power to each coil 8.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another kind of said overturning mechanism, and electromagnet 7 is located on the pinion 16, and the central axis of this pinion 16 is located on the central point of electromagnet 7, and this pinion 16 and a large The gear 17 is meshed, and the large gear 17 is connected with the transmission of the gearbox 11; when working, the CPU unit outputs a pulse signal to the stepping motor 12 to drive the stepping motor 12 to rotate a fixed position in a set direction. angle, so that the stepper motor 12 controls the pinion gear 16 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise by 180° through the gearbox 11 and the bull gear 17 .

Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description, other changes or changes in different forms can also be made. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. And these obvious changes or modifications derived from the spirit of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. An electric piston-driven electric vehicle suitable for downhill braking, characterized in that it comprises: an electric piston motor (20), a flywheel connected to the crankshaft in the electric piston motor (20), a flywheel located on the flywheel Clutch (21), gearbox (22) connected to the output shaft of clutch (21), vehicle transmission system connected with the output shaft of gearbox (22); the ring gear on the outer edge of the flywheel is connected to the drive gear meshing; The electric piston motor (20) includes: a plurality of cylinders (1), pistons (5) made of permanent magnets arranged in the cylinders (1), and used to connect each piston (5) to the crankshaft (2) The connecting rod (3) for transmission connection; the crankshaft (2) is arranged under each cylinder block (1); The upper end of the cylinder (1) is provided with an electromagnet (7) coaxial with the cylinder (1), and the coil (8) of the electromagnet (7) is connected to a coil driving circuit, which is connected to the A CPU unit is connected; the electromagnet (7) is set on the turning mechanism controlled by the CPU unit; Up and down travel switches (13, 14) connected to the CPU unit are respectively provided at the top and bottom dead centers adjacent to the cylinder body (1), and a Hall switch connected to the CPU unit is provided at the bottom of the cylinder body (1). Sensor (15); the CPU unit is also connected with a vehicle gradient sensor, a speed control sensor for detecting the position of the speed control pedal or the handlebar; When the electric vehicle is started, the starting system is used to drive the flywheel and rotate the crankshaft (2), and the CPU unit detects the position of each piston (5) through the Hall sensor (15) at the bottom of each cylinder (1). displacement direction; If it is measured that the piston (5) in a cylinder (1) is moving downward, the CPU unit sends the coil (8) of the electromagnet (7) above the cylinder (1) through the coil drive circuit Provide current in the corresponding direction so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet (7) is the same as the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston (5), and the piston (5) moves in the cylinder (1) due to the downward repulsion from the electromagnet (7). ) to accelerate down; If it is measured that the piston (5) in a cylinder (1) is positively displaced, the CPU unit supplies the coil (8) of the electromagnet (7) above the cylinder (1) through the coil drive circuit. The current in the corresponding direction, so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet (7) is opposite to the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston (5), and the piston (5) moves in the cylinder (1) due to the upward suction force from the electromagnet (7). Inner acceleration moves up; After the coils (8) of each electromagnet (7) are energized, disconnect the starting system and keep the current direction in each coil (8) unchanged; At the same time, when the CPU unit detects that the piston (5) in a cylinder (1) is about to reach the bottom dead center of the cylinder (1) through the downstroke switch (14), the CPU unit passes the overturn The mechanism controls the electromagnet (7) above the cylinder (1) to rotate 180° around the height center line of the electromagnet (7), and at this time the piston (5) has reached the bottom dead center, because the electromagnet at this time (7) The magnetic polarity at the bottom is opposite to that at the top of the piston (5), and the piston (5) begins to move upward in the cylinder (1) due to the upward suction force from the electromagnet (7); when the CPU unit When it is detected by the upstroke switch (13) that the piston (5) in a cylinder (1) is about to reach the top dead center of the cylinder (1), the CPU unit controls the cylinder (1) through the turning mechanism ) above the electromagnet (7) reversely rotates 180° around the center line of the height of the electromagnet (7), and the piston (5) at this time has reached the top dead center, because the bottom of the electromagnet (7) at this time The magnetic polarity is the same as the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston (5), and the piston (5) starts to move downward due to the downward repulsion from the electromagnet (7); so repeated, so that each piston (5) passes through the corresponding connecting rod (3) ) drives the crankshaft (2) to run and drives the flywheel to output positive torque, and the flywheel drives the vehicle transmission system through the clutch (21) and gearbox (22), thereby driving the electric vehicle; At the same time, the CPU unit detects the position of the speed control pedal or the handle through the speed control sensor, and then controls the current of each coil (8), thereby realizing the vehicle speed control; when the speed control pedal or the handle is released, the CPU unit The unit controls the coil drive circuit to stop supplying power to each coil (8); When the CPU unit detects that the current vehicle is on a downhill slope and the slope is greater than the steep slope value through the vehicle gradient sensor, and simultaneously detects that the speed control pedal or the handle has been released, the CPU unit starts the motor braking program, that is: The CPU unit detects the displacement direction of each piston (5) through the Hall sensor (15), and if a piston (5) is detected to be moving downward, the CPU unit sends the corresponding coil (8) to the corresponding coil (8) through the coil drive circuit. Provide current in the corresponding direction so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet (7) is opposite to the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston (5) to reduce the rate of downward movement of the piston (5), thereby braking the crankshaft (2) ; If a positive displacement of a piston (5) is measured, the CPU unit provides a current in the corresponding direction to the corresponding coil (8) through the coil drive circuit, so that the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet (7) is consistent with that of the piston (5) The magnetic polarity of the top is the same to reduce the upward movement rate of the piston (5), thereby braking the crankshaft (2); When the crankshaft (2) is not stopped, if the CPU unit detects that the piston (5) is about to reach the bottom dead center of the cylinder (1) through the downstroke switch (14), the CPU unit will pass the The overturning mechanism controls the electromagnet (7) above the cylinder (1) to rotate 180° around the height center line of the electromagnet (7). At this time, the magnetic polarity at the bottom of the electromagnet (7) is the same as the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston (5), and the piston (5) is subjected to the downward repulsion from the electromagnet (7) at the same time as it begins to move upwards to brake the crankshaft ( 2); if the CPU unit detects that the piston (5) is about to reach the top dead center of the cylinder (1) through the upstroke switch (13), the CPU unit controls the cylinder (1) through the turning mechanism The upper electromagnet (7) reversely rotates 180° around the center line of the height of the electromagnet (7), if the piston (5) at this time has reached the top dead center and starts to move downward, because the electromagnet ( 7) The magnetic polarity at the bottom is opposite to the magnetic polarity at the top of the piston (5), and the piston (5) brakes the crankshaft (2) due to the upward suction force from the electromagnet (7); so repeated, so that the flywheel Output negative torque until the speed of the flywheel is lower than a low speed value, stop supplying power to each coil (8); or, until the CPU unit detects that the speed regulating pedal is depressed or the handle is turned, the CPU unit re-controls The flywheel outputs positive torque; The Hall sensor (15) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the cylinder (1), and is opposite to the center of the bottom surface of the piston (5); The Hall sensor (15) is arranged in a metal tube of non-magnetic material, and the metal tube is coaxial with the piston (5).