CN105702984B - A kind of control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells, belonging to the field of fuel cells. In order to solve the problem that the current low-power fuel cells represented by microbial fuel cells have low output voltage and low power and cannot be directly applied. A system suitable for this method includes a control module, a communication module, an electricity generation module, an electric energy collection module, a power supply module, a host computer and the like. The lower voltage output by the reactor is converted and stored by adopting the electric energy collection module and the energy storage module. The upper computer and the micro-control unit communicate wirelessly through the communication module. The upper computer transmits control instructions to the control module, and the control module feeds back monitoring data to the upper computer, and controls the work of actuators such as diaphragm pumps and solenoid valves. It can effectively monitor the working status such as the voltage of the fuel cell reactor, and replenish the substrate raw materials to the reactor. Enables continuous operation of low power fuel cells.

Description

A Control and Power Harvesting System for Low Power Fuel Cells

technical field

The invention relates to a control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells, belonging to the field of fuel cells.

Background technique

A biofuel cell (BFC) is a power generation device that uses enzymes, biological tissues or organisms as a catalyst to convert the chemical energy of a substrate into electrical energy. It also generally refers to a device that utilizes biomass energy according to the principle of a fuel cell. Including Enzymatic Biofuel Cell and Microbial Fuel Cell. This type of battery is a new type of green energy technology. It has good application prospects in the fields of green power generation, sewage purification, and testing. It provides new methods and new ideas for alleviating the energy crisis and solving environmental pollution caused by excessive use of fossil energy. .

Although the power generation process of biofuel cells is green and clean, it generally has the disadvantages of low output voltage and low power of single cells. Moreover, during the operation of the biofuel cell, with the continuous consumption of the bioanode substrate, fresh anolyte needs to be reinjected. These problems severely limit the practical application of biofuel cells.

At present, there have been some studies on the use of electronic circuit technology to realize the output power collection of microbial fuel cells. The invention patent with the publication number CN104158248A on November 19, 2014 disclosed a device for jointly outputting energy from multiple microbial fuel cells. collection and utilization. It provides a good solution to the problems of low voltage and low power in the practical application of microbial fuel cells. However, the existing electric energy harvesting technology cannot solve the problem that the output power of the reactor decreases with the consumption of the biological anode substrate in the practical application of the microbial fuel cell.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the output power of the reactor decreases with the consumption of the bioanode substrate in the prior art, and to provide a control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells, which can collect low-power The fuel cell outputs electrical energy while maintaining the operation of the fuel cell reactor.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

A control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells, including: a fuel cell control system, a fuel cell power generation system, an external power source and a load.

The fuel cell control system includes a host computer, a communication module, a control module, and a power supply module; the fuel cell power generation system includes a power generation module and a power collection module; connection relationship: the power collection module and the external power supply can be used as communication modules, control modules through the power supply module The module and the power generation module provide electric energy; a tcp connection is established between the upper computer and the communication module through a wireless network, and the instructions sent by the upper computer are transmitted to the control module through the communication module; the control module controls the pumps and valves in the power generation module and detects them. The output voltage signal of the reactor in the power generation module; when the power generation module is working, the electric energy generated by it is collected by the power collection module and transmitted to the power supply module and the load;

The communication module includes a serial port-wireless network module, an antenna and a level conversion circuit; the control module is composed of a micro control unit and a relay control circuit; the power supply module is composed of auxiliary circuits such as a voltage stabilizing circuit and a switch; It is composed of a device, a substrate storage tank, a drive circuit, a diaphragm pump, and a solenoid valve; the power harvesting module is composed of a power harvesting circuit and an energy storage element; an antenna, a serial port-wireless network module, a level conversion circuit, and a micro control unit are connected in sequence; The control port of the control unit is respectively connected with the drive circuit and the relay circuit, and the AD acquisition port of the micro control unit is connected with the output end of the fuel cell reactor through the relay circuit; the micro control unit is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit, powered by the power supply module; the drive circuit It is used to provide electric energy to the diaphragm pump and solenoid valve, and to control the operation of the diaphragm pump and solenoid valve; the diaphragm pump brings the material in the substrate storage tank into the fuel cell reactor for reaction, and the reacted solution flows into the substrate storage tank again Or discharge; the output end of the fuel cell reactor is connected with the electric energy collection circuit, and is connected with the AD collection port of the micro control unit through the relay circuit; the electric energy collection circuit is connected with the external power supply, the load and the energy storage element;

Preferably, the microcontroller unit is the msp430F5529 microcontroller of Taxas Instrument Inc.

Preferably, the electric energy collection circuit adopts the bq25504 ultra-low power boost conversion chip of Texas Instrument Inc.

Preferably, the energy storage element is a supercapacitor.

Beneficial effect

The invention realizes the collection and step-up conversion of the fuel cell output electric energy through the electric energy collection module, and stores it in the supercapacitor for use. Continuous operation; in addition, by using wireless network communication and host computer control interface, the control of the system is more flexible and convenient.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the composition of a control and electric energy collection system for a biofuel cell provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a kind of specific structural schematic diagram of the control and electric energy collection system that is used for biofuel cell provided by the present invention;

Figure 3 is a screenshot of the working process of the host computer control interface during the specific implementation process of the open circuit voltage detection of the microalgae biofuel cell reactor;

Fig. 4 is a multi-acid biomass fuel cell reactor open circuit voltage detection data diagram;

5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a microalgae biofuel cell reactor;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the multi-acid biomass fuel cell reactor.

Among them, 1—fuel cell control system, 2—fuel cell power generation system, 3—host computer, 4—communication module, 5—control module, 6—power supply module, 7—power generation module, 8—electric energy collection module, 9 —fuel cell reactor, 10—substrate storage tank, 11—drive circuit, 12—diaphragm pump, 13—solenoid valve, 14—electric energy collection circuit, 15—energy storage element, 16—micro control unit, 17—relay circuit , 18—serial port-wireless network module, 19—antenna, 20—level conversion circuit, 21—external power supply, 22—load.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

Example 1

A control and electric energy collection system for a low-power fuel cell, comprising: a fuel cell control system 1, a fuel cell power generation system 2, an external power source 21 and a load 22, as shown in FIG. 1 .

The fuel cell control system 1 includes a host computer 3, a communication module 4, a control module 5, and a power supply module 6; the fuel cell power generation system 2 includes a power generation module 7 and a power collection module 8; connection relationship: power collection module 8 and external power supply 21 can provide electric energy for the communication module 4, the control module 5, and the power generation module 7 through the power supply module 6; a tcp connection is established between the upper computer 3 and the communication module 4 through a wireless network, and the instructions sent by the upper computer 3 are transmitted to the communication module 4 through the communication module 4. Control module 5; the control module 5 controls equipment such as pumps and valves in the power generation module 7 and detects the output voltage signal of the reactor in the power generation module 7; when the power generation module 7 is working, the electric energy it generates passes through the power collection module 8 Collect and transmit to the power supply module 6 and the load 22;

Described communication module 4 comprises serial port-wireless network module 18, antenna 19 and level conversion circuit 20; Control module 5 is made up of micro control unit 16, relay control circuit 17; Power supply module 6 is made up of auxiliary circuits such as voltage stabilizing circuit and switch The power generation module 7 is composed of a fuel cell reactor 9, a substrate storage tank 10, a drive circuit 11, a diaphragm pump 12, and a solenoid valve 13; the power collection module 8 is composed of a power collection circuit 14 and an energy storage element 15; the antenna 19, Serial port-wireless network module 18, level conversion circuit 20, micro-control unit 16 are connected successively; It is connected with the output end of the fuel cell reactor 9; the micro-control unit 16 is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit, and is powered by the power supply module 6; the drive circuit 11 is used to provide electric energy to the diaphragm pump 12 and the electromagnetic valve 13, and to control the diaphragm pump 12, the electromagnetic valve Valve 13 runs; Diaphragm pump 12 brings the material in the substrate storage tank 10 into the fuel cell reactor 9 to react, and the solution after the reaction flows into the substrate storage tank 10 or discharges; the output end of the fuel cell reactor 9 is connected to The electric energy collection circuit 14 is connected, and is connected with the AD collection port of the micro control unit 16 through the relay circuit 17; The electric energy collection circuit 14 is connected with the external power supply 21, the load 22 and the energy storage element 15, as shown in Figure 2;

The fuel cell reactor 9 is a microalgae biofuel cell;

The serial port-wireless network module 18 is the HLK-RM04 module of Shenzhen Hailingke Electronics Co., Ltd.

Described micro-control unit 16 is the msp430F5529 single-chip microcomputer of Taxas Instrument Inc.

The electric energy collection circuit 14 adopts the bq25504 ultra-low power boost conversion chip of Texas Instrument Inc.

The energy storage element 15 is a supercapacitor.

work process:

Examples of electricity production in seawater chlorella microbial fuel cells

Microalgae biofuel cell startup: when the system starts, the external circuit supplies power to each part through the power supply module. Firstly, culture microalgae in the substrate storage tank, connect the upper computer to the wireless network sent by the serial port-wireless network module, and run the upper computer control interface. Adjust the speed of the diaphragm pump on the interface and click "Diaphragm Pump Operation", the host computer interface will send commands through the wireless network, and the communication module will transmit them to the control module. After the micro control unit receives the instruction, it outputs PWM control signal to the drive circuit, controls the diaphragm pump to work at a certain speed, and pumps the algae liquid from the reading material storage tank into the fuel cell reactor through the liquid injection port. When the liquid injection is completed, click the "diaphragm pump stop" button in the control interface of the host computer to issue a stop command to complete the liquid injection operation. When the solution is injected into the reactor, a stable voltage can be output after a certain period of time. Its power generation process is shown in Figure 5.

Microalgae biofuel cell voltage detection:

When the fuel cell reactor is working normally, the open circuit voltage measurement can be selected through the host computer interface. After the control module receives the measurement command, it will open the relay circuit, read the output voltage signal of the fuel cell reactor through the AD acquisition port, and feed back the measurement result to the host computer, and display the fuel cell reactor voltage detection curve on the host computer interface . As shown in Figure 3, the open circuit voltage detection value of a single microalgae biofuel cell after starting is 0.16V. After the measurement is finished, the control module disconnects the relay circuit.

Connecting two above-mentioned microalgae biofuel cell reactors in series can obtain an open circuit voltage of 0.3-0.5V. When the output voltage of the fuel cell reactor is higher than 300mV, the electric energy harvesting circuit can be started, and the output voltage of the reactor is not low. Under the premise of 80mV, the output power of the reactor is converted and stored in the energy storage element, and can be used for external loads. When sufficient electric energy is stored in the energy storage element, it can also be used as the electric energy source of the power supply module.

Microalgae biofuel cell anolyte update:

With the continuous operation of the microalgae biofuel cell, the substrate algae in the anolyte are consumed, the activity of the algae decreases, and the output voltage of the reactor decreases continuously. When it is detected that the output voltage of the reactor has decayed to 80mV, an instruction can be issued from the host computer interface to open the solenoid valve of the drain port to discharge the anolyte in the reactor, and pump in fresh algae liquid to continue generating electricity, so as to realize the continuous operation of the microbial fuel cell reactor .

Example 2

Example of application to power generation in multi-acid biomass fuel cells

Put straw, dead leaves and other biomass into the substrate culture tank, inject the phosphomolybdic acid solution, and start running the system after the phosphomolybdic acid is fully reduced. The reaction process of the biofuel cell composed of solution is shown in Figure 6. The measured open circuit voltage curve is shown in Figure 4. After the reactor works normally, the power harvesting module can output a stable voltage.

The present invention can be preferably carried out as described above.

Claims (4)

1. A control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells, characterized in that: comprising: a fuel cell control system (1), a fuel cell power generation system (2), an external power supply (21) and a load (22) ; The fuel cell control system (1) includes a host computer (3), a communication module (4), a control module (5), and a power supply module (6); the fuel cell power generation system (2) includes a power generation module (7) and an electric energy Acquisition module (8); connection relationship: the electric energy acquisition module (8) and the external power supply (21) provide electric energy for the communication module (4), the control module (5) and the power generation module (7) through the power supply module (6); A tcp connection is established between the computer (3) and the communication module (4) through a wireless network, and the instructions sent by the upper computer (3) are transmitted to the control module (5) through the communication module (4); the control module (5) controls the power generation module The pump and valve equipment in (7) detect the output voltage signal of the reactor in the power generation module (7); when the power generation module (7) works, the electric energy it produces is collected by the power collection module (8) and transmitted to Power supply module (6) and load (22); Described communication module (4) comprises serial port-wireless network module (18), antenna (19) and level conversion circuit (20); Control module (5) is made up of micro control unit (16), relay control circuit (17) The power supply module (6) is composed of a voltage stabilizing circuit and a switch auxiliary circuit; the power generation module (7) is composed of a fuel cell reactor (9), a substrate storage tank (10), a drive circuit (11), and a diaphragm pump (12) , electromagnetic valve (13); electric energy collection module (8) is made up of electric energy collection circuit (14), energy storage element (15); Antenna (19), serial port-wireless network module (18), level conversion circuit (20 ), the micro-control unit (16) are connected in turn; the control port of the micro-control unit (16) is connected with the drive circuit (11) and the relay circuit (17) respectively, and the AD acquisition port of the micro-control unit (16) passes through the relay circuit (17) ) is connected with the output end of the fuel cell reactor (9); the micro control unit (16) is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit, powered by the power supply module (6); the drive circuit (11) is used to provide the diaphragm pump (12), solenoid valve (13) provide electric energy, and control diaphragm pump (12), solenoid valve (13) operation; Diaphragm pump (12) brings the material in the substrate storage tank (10) into the fuel cell reactor (9) to react, The reacted solution flows into the substrate storage tank (10) or is discharged again; the output terminal of the fuel cell reactor (9) is connected with the electric energy collection circuit (14), and is connected with the micro control unit (16) through the relay circuit (17) The AD acquisition port is connected; the electric energy acquisition circuit (14) is connected with the external power supply (21), the load (22) and the energy storage element (15). 2. A control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the micro-control unit is the msp430F5529 single-chip microcomputer of Taxas Instrument Inc. 3. A control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric energy collection circuit adopts the bq25504 ultra-low power boost conversion chip of Texas Instrument Inc. 4. A control and electric energy collection system for low-power fuel cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein the energy storage element is a supercapacitor.