CN105702940B - 一种包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法 - Google Patents
一种包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910013421 LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910013427 LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001967 indiganyl group Chemical group [H][In]([H])[*] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- OVAQODDUFGFVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cobalt(2+) dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Co+2] OVAQODDUFGFVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002993 LiMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical class [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法,包括以下步骤:1)铝溶胶的制备;2)LiNixCoyMn1‑x‑yO2正极材料与铝溶胶匀浆后,喷雾干燥法造粒形成前驱体;3)前驱体固相烧结得到Al2O3包覆在LiNixCoyMn1‑x‑yO2正极材料;本发明工艺简单,成本低,适于工业化生产,推广LiNixCoyMn1‑x‑yO2正极材料在动力电池领域的应用,提高材料的倍率性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池制造技术领域,具体涉及一种包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池作为新一代储能电池,正在各种消费类电子产品领域得到迅猛发展,并且在电动汽车、电动交通工具和航天领域显示出潜在的应用价值。而锂离子电池的性能和成本在很大程度上取决于正极材料。目前,锂离子电池负极材料的比容量达到正极材料的两倍,从而正极材料比容量较低已经成为制约锂离子电池发展的瓶颈,因此研究锂离子电池正极材料,对于发展和改进锂离子电池具有重要的现实意义。
镍钴锰酸锂LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料,综合LiNiO2、LiCoO2、LiMnO2三种正极材料的优势,具有高容量、高电压平台、更好的热稳定性,市场应用前景广阔。但是镍钴锰酸锂三元材料还不能完全取代现有的锂离子电池正极材料,主要原因有两点:目前工业上生产的三元材料多采用共沉淀法制备前驱体,然后通过干法或湿法混锂,最后经过高温煅烧制备三元材料。其一:采用干法或湿法混锂导致前驱体与锂的混合不够均匀,且颗粒粒径不易控制,使得最终产品的稳定性难以控制;其二镍钴锰酸锂是在850℃以上高温经一定时间的保温煅烧合成,在煅烧过程中晶粒会快速长大,且粒度难以控制,导致材料的首次放电容量及循环性能受到负面影响;其三:锂离子与镍离子半径相近,在充放电过程中镍离子容易占据锂离子位置发生晶体结构坍塌。晶体结构的坍塌不仅破坏Li+的传输通道,而且电池在脱出Li2O后离子重排受阻,八面体空位被占,放电后没有足够的位置供锂离子嵌入,造成析锂,严重影响了电性能的发挥。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种喷雾干燥法制备Al2O3包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法,推广LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料在动力电池领域的应用,通过喷雾干燥法将Al2O3均匀包覆在LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料表面,提高材料的倍率性能。
喷雾干燥法制备Al2O3包覆LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料的工艺流程包括以下三个步骤:1.铝溶胶的制备;2.LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料与铝溶胶匀浆后,喷雾干燥法造粒形成前驱体;3.前驱体固相烧结得到Al2O3包覆在LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料。
本发明的喷雾干燥法制备Al2O3包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将LiOH配制成的溶液B加入到Al(NO3)3·9H2O和C6H8O7·H2O配制而成的混合溶液A中并不断搅拌,控制pH,制成铝溶胶;
2)称量LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料,缓慢加入到铝溶胶中,搅拌反应一段时间,用蠕动泵将其输入到喷雾干燥机中,设置好参数,得到Al(OH)3包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料前驱体;
3)将前驱体粉末放入气氛炉中进行固相烧结,设置烧结制度和烧结时间,得到Al2O3包覆LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料。
上述方案中,步骤1)中所述溶液A的质量比为4.69:2.64,溶液B的浓度为8%,控制其pH在9.8~10.2。
上述方案中,步骤2)中所述搅拌反应时间为2-3小时,参数设置如下:
进风温度150~200℃、出风温度:80~90℃、引风机频率:30~40Hz。
上述方案中,步骤3)中所述烧结制度如下:以2~3℃/min的速率升温至600℃,600℃恒温烧结8-10小时,随炉冷却至室温。
本发明具备的有益效果总结如下:
(1)工艺简单;
(2)成本低;
(3)适合工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制备的未经包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料的SEM照片;
图2是本发明实施例1制备的样品1的SEM照片;
图3是本发明实施例2准备的样品2的SEM照片;
图4是本发明实施例3准备的样品3的SEM照片;
图5是本发明实施例3不同倍率下放电容量测试结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
铝溶胶的制备:准确称量18.76g Al(NO3)3·9H2O、10.56gC6H8O7·H2O配制成500mL混合溶液A,8%LiOH溶液B 200mL,将B溶液加入到A溶液中并不断搅拌,控制其pH在9.8~10.2,制成铝溶胶-01。
前驱体的制备:准确称量200.0g LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料,缓慢加入到铝溶胶-01,搅拌反应2-3小时形成均匀料浆,用蠕动泵将其泵入喷雾干燥机,参数设置如下:进风温度200℃、出风温度:90℃、引风机频率:40Hz,得到Al(OH)3包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料前驱体。
前驱体的固相烧结:将前驱体-01粉末放入气氛炉中进行固相烧结,烧结制度如下:以3℃/min的速率升温至600℃,600℃恒温烧结8-10小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到Al2O3包覆LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料图2,对其进行SEM和电池性能测试。
实施例2
铝溶胶的制备:准确称量10.21g异丙醇铝、配制成500mL混合溶液A,8%LiOH溶液B200mL,将B溶液加入到A溶液中并不断搅拌,控制其pH在8.0~9.0,制成铝溶胶-02。
前驱体的制备:准确称量200.0g LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料,缓慢加入到铝溶胶-02,搅拌反应2-3小时形成均匀料浆,用蠕动泵将其泵入喷雾干燥机,参数设置如下:进风温度200℃、出风温度:90℃、引风机频率:40Hz,得到Al(OH)3包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料前驱体。
前驱体的固相烧结:将前驱体-02粉末放入气氛炉中进行固相烧结,烧结制度如下:以3℃/min的速率升温至600℃,600℃恒温烧结8-10小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到Al2O3包覆LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料图3,对其进行SEM和电池性能测试。
实施例3
铝溶胶的制备:准确称量18.76g Al(NO3)3·9H2O配制成500mL混合溶液A,8%LiOH溶液B 200mL,将B溶液加入到A溶液中并不断搅拌,控制其pH在7.0~8.0,制成铝溶胶-03。
前驱体的制备:准确称量200.0g LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料,缓慢加入到铝溶胶-03,搅拌反应2-3小时形成均匀料浆,用蠕动泵将其泵入喷雾干燥机,参数设置如下:进风温度200℃、出风温度:90℃、引风机频率:40Hz,得到Al(OH)3包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料前驱体。
前驱体的固相烧结:将前驱体-01粉末放入气氛炉中进行固相烧结,烧结制度如下:以3℃/min的速率升温至600℃,600℃恒温烧结8-10小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到Al2O3包覆LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料图4,对其进行SEM和电性能测试,图5即为上述四种样品不同倍率下放电容量下的测试结果。
本发明的喷雾干燥法制备Al2O3包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法,对本方法合成的样品进行倍率性能测试数据显示,在1.0C、2.0C、3.0C倍率电流下,样品1和样品3的放电比容量高于对比样品的未经包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料,而在4.0C、5.0C、6.0C倍率电流下,样品1、样品2和样品3的放电比容量均优于对比样品的未经包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料。因此,本发明的喷雾干燥法制备的Al2O3包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料具有优异的倍率性能。
Claims (3)
1.一种包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将LiOH配制成的溶液B加入到Al(NO3)3·9H2O和C6H8O7·H2O配制而成的混合溶液A中并不断搅拌,控制pH,制成铝溶胶;
2)称量LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料,缓慢加入到铝溶胶中,搅拌反应一段时间,用蠕动泵将其输入到喷雾干燥机中,设置好参数,得到Al(OH)3包覆的LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料前驱体;
3)将前驱体粉末放入气氛炉中进行固相烧结,设置烧结制度和烧结时间,得到Al2O3包覆LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料;
步骤3)中所述烧结制度如下:以2~3℃/min的速率升温至600℃,600℃恒温烧结8-10小时,随炉冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述溶液A中Al(NO3)3·9H2O和C6H8O7·H2O的质量比为4.69:2.64,溶液B的浓度为8%,控制其pH在9.8~10.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的包覆镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述搅拌反应时间为2-3小时,参数设置如下:进风温度150~200℃、出风温度:80~90℃、引风机频率:30~40Hz。
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