CN105694648B - 耐烃类防火防爆涂料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种耐烃类防火防爆涂料，其组分配合比例按重量份计是：乳胶粉20～60，聚乙烯醇0～20，氢化蓖麻油1～3，聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂15～35，三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐5～13，硼酸锌4～16，改性膨胀蛭石3～6，金红石型纳米二氧化钛0‑2。该涂料不仅耐烃类火灾极限高，而且具有耐爆炸性能，爆炸发生后能完好地粘附在基材上，并使涂膜在爆炸中具有泄压功能，粘接力好、强度高、能经受高低温循环的影响，涂层的耐水性、耐酸碱性、耐盐腐蚀性、耐候性良好，柔韧性优良，不易脱落，贮存稳定，使用寿命长，环保且施工方便，施工成本低，制备工艺简单，能耗低。特别适合于用作户内、户外石化行业中的钢材、铝材以及其他材料的表面涂层。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种防火防爆涂料，特别是涉及一种耐烃类防火防爆涂料。
背景技术：
石化企业发生的火灾多属于典型烃类火灾，烃类火一般比纤维素火升温更快，火焰更为猛烈。在烃类火灾中，设计用于纤维素火的常规防火涂料的有效性在烃类火中只能达60％左右，且在发生烃类火灾时，常常伴随有爆炸发生。中国专利200610091048.3公开了一种无溶剂膨胀型防火涂料，由A、B两组份组成，A组份以环氧树脂作主要成膜物质，加入改性树脂、催化剂、成炭剂、发泡剂、阻燃剂、助熔剂、颜填料、烟雾抑制剂，B组份由颜填料、固化剂、助剂组成。该防火涂料具有防火隔热性能好、粘接力好、强度高、能经受高低温循环的影响，涂层的耐水性、耐酸碱性、耐盐腐蚀性良好，柔韧性优良，不易脱落，贮存稳定，施工方便等特点。但该涂料双组分固含量高、黏度大、双组分现场调合难、涂层流平性差、与金属表面浸润性差，因此导致涂布性差、施工难、质量不易控制，且耐火极限不高。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服上述缺点，提供一种耐烃类火灾极限高，防爆性能好，粘接力好、强度高、能经受高低温循环影响，施工方便，且制备方法简单，能耗低的耐烃类火灾防火防爆涂料。
本发明耐烃类火灾防火防爆涂料组份配比按重量份计是：
乳胶粉 20～60，
聚乙烯醇 0～20，
氢化蓖麻油 1～3，
聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂 15～35，
三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐 5～13，
硼酸锌 4～16，
改性膨胀蛭石 3～6，
金红石型纳米二氧化钛 0-2。
其中，乳胶粉的制备方法是，在100g聚丙烯酸乳液(固含量为38%～40%)中加入12g三聚氰胺，4g聚醋酸乙烯酯，于95-100℃温度下搅拌回流2h后，加入6g氧化镁，于70℃温度下搅拌回流2h，得交联乳液，喷雾干燥交联乳液，得乳胶粉；聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂的制备方法是，取浓磷酸0.35mol，聚磷酸0.35mol，山梨糖醇0.1mol，双氰胺1mol及多元醇15mol，均匀混合，于100℃温度下搅拌溶解，保温2～3h，除去多余水分，然后再升温至140℃，保温0.5h，使产生的气体完全逸出，得膨胀后的白色固体产物，再于60℃温度下干燥，研磨，得白色粉末状聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂；改性膨胀蛭石的制备方法是，取膨胀蛭石(细度是80目过筛)质量1%的硅烷偶联剂，用乙酸调节其pH 值为3.5～5.5，加入于110 ℃温度下预热后的膨胀蛭石， 混合后先于40 ℃温度下振荡30 min, 得混合液，再加入混合液质量1%的三乙酯，于100 ℃温度下振荡1 h。得膨胀蛭石母液，再将膨胀蛭石母液于140 ℃温度下真空干燥, 得改性膨胀蛭石。
本发明涂料中的乳胶粉对涂料的性能有重大影响，与其它组分配伍后，既保证了涂层在正常条件下具有各种使用性能，又保证了它在爆炸中具有泄压功能，减少压力对涂层的破坏，并且在火焰灼烧或高温作用下形成不易燃泡沫碳化层的基础物质，对泡沫炭化层起骨架作用；本发明涂料中聚乙烯醇为主要成膜改性剂，能赋予涂料的柔韧性和附着力，还能使涂层在爆炸冲击波的作用下仍能够与基材紧密结合；本发明涂料中添加氢化蓖麻油可改善其流变性能，便于施工成膜；本发明涂料中的聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂是涂料的关键成份之一，它的作用是促进和改进涂层的热分解过程，减少有机物热分解时产生的可燃性焦油、醛、酮等的量，促进不燃性气体的产生，以及高温下形成稳定炭化层；本发明涂料中的三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐在一定温度下释放出不燃性气体，促使体系膨胀发泡阻燃；本发明涂料中的硼酸锌能使涂料在受热成炭的情况下，与涂料中含磷或含硅的物质发生反应，形成一种柔软的或液态的物质，发生膨胀并增加炭化层的强度；本发明涂料中的改性膨胀蛭石使涂料具有泄压功能，与基体具有优异的亲合力；本发明涂料中的金红石型纳米二氧化钛是一种着色力高、热反射系数高、导热系数低、对炭化层能起骨架作用的无机颜料、起填料作用，能增加膨胀层强度。
本发明耐烃类防火防爆涂料的优点在于其一，不仅耐烃类火灾极限高，而且具有耐爆炸性能。其二，保证了涂料在爆炸过程中和爆炸发生后都能完好地粘附在基材上，并使涂膜在爆炸中具有泄压功能。其三，具有粘接力好、强度高、能经受高低温循环影响，涂层的耐水性、耐酸碱性、耐盐腐蚀性良好，柔韧性优良，不易脱落，贮存稳定。其四，耐候性好，能长时间经受空气磨蚀以及环境气候侵袭，在发生火灾时仍能满足要求，且不会加速对钢的腐蚀，较传统膨胀型防火涂料使用寿命长；其五，环保，施工方便，施工成本低，进行静电喷涂施工，一次施工厚度可达2mm。其六，涂料制备工艺简单，能耗低。
具体实施方式：
表1：实施例1～5的组分配合比例（按重量份计）：
将上述各组分混合均匀，研磨，80μm过筛，得本发明耐烃类防火防爆涂料。其中，乳胶粉、聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂及改性膨胀蛭石的制备方法如上所述。
实施例的性能测试试验：在预热至60℃的试板上静电喷涂本发明涂料，涂膜于120℃温度下烘烤60min，涂层厚度控制为3mm。试板在温度24℃、湿度70%的恒温恒湿环境中放置24h后进行检测，其性能指标如表2所示。
表2：实施例性能指标表：
Claims (2)
1.一种耐烃类防火防爆涂料，其特征在于组分的配合比例按重量份计是：
乳胶粉 20～60，
聚乙烯醇 0～20，
氢化蓖麻油 1～3，
聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂 15～35，
三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐 5～13，
硼酸锌 4～16，
改性膨胀蛭石 3～6，
金红石型纳米二氧化钛 0-2，
其中，乳胶粉的制备方法是，在100g聚丙烯酸乳液中加入12g三聚氰胺，4g聚醋酸乙烯酯，于95-100℃温度下搅拌回流2h后，加入6g氧化镁，于70℃温度下搅拌回流2h，得交联乳液，喷雾干燥交联乳液，得乳胶粉；聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂的制备方法是，取浓磷酸0.35mol，聚磷酸0.35mol，山梨糖醇0.1mol，双氰胺1mol及多元醇15mol，均匀混合，于100℃温度下搅拌溶解，保温2～3h，除去多余水分，然后再升温至140℃，保温0.5h，使产生的气体完全逸出，得膨胀后的白色固体产物，再于60℃温度下干燥，研磨，得白色粉末状聚多元醇磷酸酯阻燃剂；改性膨胀蛭石的制备方法是，取膨胀蛭石质量1%的硅烷偶联剂，用乙酸调节其pH 值为3.5～5.5，加入于110 ℃温度下预热后的膨胀蛭石， 混合后先于40 ℃温度下振荡30 min, 得混合液，再加入混合液质量1%的三乙酯，于100 ℃温度下振荡1 h，得膨胀蛭石母液，再将膨胀蛭石母液于140 ℃温度下真空干燥, 得改性膨胀蛭石。
2.如权利要求1所述的耐烃类防火防爆涂料，其特征在于聚丙烯酸乳液的固含量为38%～40%，膨胀蛭石的细度是80目过筛。
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| CN106502050A (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-15 | 江苏环宇纺织科技有限公司 | 一种新型防火感光胶的制备方法 |
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