CN105679984A - Non-porous separator and application thereof - Google Patents
Non-porous separator and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105679984A CN105679984A CN201610187527.9A CN201610187527A CN105679984A CN 105679984 A CN105679984 A CN 105679984A CN 201610187527 A CN201610187527 A CN 201610187527A CN 105679984 A CN105679984 A CN 105679984A
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- Prior art keywords
- porous
- compounds
- diaphragm
- porous diaphragm
- polymer material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001872 Spider silk Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017221 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGEOKXWFGANCJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl acetate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=O)OC=C QGEOKXWFGANCJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08L1/28—Alkyl ethers
- C08L1/286—Alkyl ethers substituted with acid radicals, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/164—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于高分子材料和电池技术领域，具体涉及一种无孔隔膜及其应用，更具有涉及一种无孔具有凝胶化功能的隔膜及其应用。该种无孔隔膜由两种或者两种以上高分子材料组成，其中至少一种能够被有机溶剂凝胶化。该种无孔隔膜用于采用有机溶剂类电解质的、能量密度高的电池中，不但能够防止金属等异物引入产生的微短路，提高产品的合格率，而且能够大幅度改善该类电池的安全性能和循环使用寿命。The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials and batteries, and in particular relates to a non-porous diaphragm and its application, and more specifically relates to a non-porous diaphragm with a gelling function and its application. The non-porous diaphragm is composed of two or more polymer materials, at least one of which can be gelled by an organic solvent. This kind of non-porous diaphragm is used in batteries with high energy density using organic solvent electrolytes. It can not only prevent micro-short circuits caused by the introduction of foreign matter such as metals, improve the pass rate of products, but also greatly improve the safety performance of this type of batteries. and cycle life.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于高分子材料和电池技术领域，具体涉及一种无孔隔膜及其应用。 The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials and batteries, and in particular relates to a non-porous diaphragm and its application.
背景技术 Background technique
为了提高电池的能量密度，将水溶液电解质改为有机电解质，这样电池的工作电压可以大幅度超过水的理论分解电压1.23V(YupingWu,Lithium-IonBatteries:FundamentalsandApplications,CRCPress-Taylor&Francis,NewYork,2015)。在使用有机电解质的一次或者二次电池中，目前性能比较理想的为锂电池。锂电池作为一种新型化学电源，具有能量密度高、环境友好、无记忆效应等优点，自其商品化以来已广泛应用于笔记本电脑、数码相机、手机等各种便携式电子设备中，同时其也是混合动力电动汽车(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动汽车(PHEV)，纯电动汽车(EV)及小型智能电网的理想储能设备之一。然而，由于LiPF6系有机电解液(对水份敏感，易燃，易引起电池爆炸)的广泛应用使得大容量锂离子电池的安全性和可靠性受到质疑。同时，由于其使用的隔膜为多孔聚合物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯硫醚等材料（例如日本发明专利号JP2000344325，发明人：LundquistJosephT等，名称“Lithiumbattery”，申请日期1986年5月15日；美国发明专利申请号US20000546266，发明人：ZhangZhengming，名称“Separatorforahighenergyrechargeablelithiumbattery”,申请日期2000年4月10日；中国发明专利申请号CN201510240715.9，发明人：王罗新等，名称“一种熔喷聚苯硫醚无纺布锂电池隔膜及其制备方法”，申请日期2015年5月13日），而这些经典隔膜的孔隙率必须超过30%才能得到较佳的电化学性能，因此即使在其表面涂覆了陶瓷（中国发明专利申请号CN201410445356.6，发明人：吴术球等，名称“陶瓷和凝胶聚合物多层复合的锂电池隔膜及其制备方法”，申请日期2014年9月2日；中国发明专利申请，发明人：伍伯林、许静、白守萍，名称“一种锂电池用复合隔膜及其制备方法和包括该复合隔膜的锂电池”，申请日期2012年7月17日；德国专利申请号DE201110105956，发明人：DaimlerA，名称“Methodformanufacturingceramicseparatorforlithiumionbattery,involvesprovidingthewater-repellingsubstanceonthesurfaceofceramicparticlesofseparator”，申请日期2011年6月29日；美国专利申请号US20090620150，发明人：KimDong等，名称“Methodforpreparingcross-linkedceramic-coatedseparatorcontainingionicpolymer,ceramic-coatedseparatorpreparedbythemethod,andlithiumsecondarybatteryusingthesame”，申请日期2009年11月17日），如果有少量金属等异物引入，由于其依然有大量的孔隙结构，无法解决微短路的问题，经常导致锂电池的大规模召回。例如东芝电脑网络(上海)有限公司将自2016年1月28日起，召回部分从日本进口的东芝笔记本电脑电池，原因是由于电芯材料中混入了不恰当的材料（铁），在电池充放电的过程中可能会造成微短路。 In order to improve the energy density of the battery, the aqueous electrolyte is changed to an organic electrolyte, so that the working voltage of the battery can greatly exceed the theoretical decomposition voltage of water by 1.23V (Yuping Wu, Lithium-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press-Taylor & Francis, New York, 2015). Among primary or secondary batteries using organic electrolytes, lithium batteries are currently the most ideal in performance. As a new type of chemical power source, lithium batteries have the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, and no memory effect. Since their commercialization, lithium batteries have been widely used in various portable electronic devices such as notebook computers, digital cameras, and mobile phones. One of the ideal energy storage devices for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), pure electric vehicles (EV) and small smart grids. However, due to the wide application of LiPF 6 series organic electrolyte (sensitive to moisture, flammable, easy to cause battery explosion), the safety and reliability of large-capacity lithium-ion batteries have been questioned. At the same time, because the diaphragm used is a porous polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide and other materials (for example, Japanese invention patent No. JP2000344325, inventor: LundquistJosephT, etc., name "Lithiumbattery", application date May 15, 1986 Japan; US invention patent application number US20000546266, inventor: Zhang Zhengming, name "Separatorforahighenergyrechargeablelithiumbattery", application date April 10, 2000; Chinese invention patent application number CN201510240715.9, inventor: Wang Luoxin, etc., name "a melt-blown polymer Phenylsulfide non-woven lithium battery separator and its preparation method", application date May 13, 2015), and the porosity of these classic separators must exceed 30% to obtain better electrochemical performance, so even on its surface Coated with ceramics (Chinese invention patent application number CN201410445356.6, inventor: Wu Shuqiu, etc., titled "Ceramic and gel polymer multilayer composite lithium battery separator and its preparation method", application date September 2, 2014; Chinese invention patent application, inventors: Wu Bolin, Xu Jing, Bai Shouping, titled "a composite separator for lithium battery and its preparation method and lithium battery including the composite separator", application date July 17, 2012; German patent application号DE201110105956，发明人：DaimlerA，名称“Methodformanufacturingceramicseparatorforlithiumionbattery,involvesprovidingthewater-repellingsubstanceonthesurfaceofceramicparticlesofseparator”，申请日期2011年6月29日；美国专利申请号US20090620150，发明人：KimDong等，名称“Methodforpreparingcross-linkedceramic-coatedseparatorcontainingionicpolymer,ceramic-coatedseparatorpreparedbythemethod, andlithium secondary battery using the same", application date November 17, 2009), if a small amount of foreign matter such as metal is introduced, because it still has a large pore structure, it cannot solve the problem of micro-short circuit, often leading to large-scale recall of lithium batteries. For example, Toshiba Computer Network (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. will recall some Toshiba laptop batteries imported from Japan from January 28, 2016. Micro-short circuit may be caused during discharge.
为了解决常规锂离子电池的安全性问题，后来发现采用加入增塑剂的凝胶体(凝胶聚合物电解质，gelpolymerelectrolytes,GPEs)。由于凝胶聚合物电解质具有固体和液体电解质的双重性质，导电率与有机液体电解质相当，且电化学窗口较宽，热稳定性好，受到广泛关注（例如美国发明专利申请号US5418091-A，发明人：GozdzAS、SchmutzCN、TarasconJ、WarrenPC，名称“Separatormembraneforelectrolyticcell-comprisingpolymericmaterialandplasticizer”,申请日期1995年5月2日；中国发明专利号:ZL200710038632.7，发明人：张鹏、张汉平、李朝晖、吴宇平，名称“一种有机无机复合聚合物电解质及其制备方法和应用”，授权日期2010年5月19日）。但是，凝胶聚合物电解质的主要基体也是多孔的高分子膜材料，如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚(偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯)等。一方面这些多孔的高分子膜材料同样无法解决由于金属粉等异物引入而引起的电池微短路问题，另一方面它们即使与填料或者其它高分子材料等复合（中国发明专利号ZL200710041166.8，发明人：张鹏、张汉平、李朝晖、吴宇平，名称“具有微孔结构的有机无机复合聚合物及其制备方法和应用”，授权日期2009年6月3日；中国发明专利申请号，发明人：毛威,、振兴、王芳，名称“一种PVDF-PAM聚合物锂电池隔膜的制备方法”，申请日期2015年4月10日），它们的机械强度依然低，无法在锂电池等电池中得到大规模应用。 In order to solve the safety problem of conventional lithium-ion batteries, it was later discovered that gels (gel polymer electrolytes, gelpolymerelectrolytes, GPEs) added with plasticizers were used. Because the gel polymer electrolyte has the dual properties of solid and liquid electrolytes, the conductivity is equivalent to that of organic liquid electrolytes, and the electrochemical window is wide and the thermal stability is good. People: GozdzAS, SchmutzCN, TarasconJ, WarrenPC, name "Separator membrane for electrolytic cell-comprising polymeric material and plasticizer", application date May 2, 1995; Chinese invention patent number: ZL200710038632.7, inventors: Zhang Peng, Zhang Hanping, Li Zhaohui, Wu Yuping, name " An organic-inorganic composite polymer electrolyte and its preparation method and application", date of authorization May 19, 2010). However, the main matrix of the gel polymer electrolyte is also a porous polymer membrane material, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene), and the like. On the one hand, these porous polymer membrane materials also cannot solve the problem of battery micro-short circuit caused by the introduction of foreign matter such as metal powder, on the other hand, even if they are compounded with fillers or other polymer materials (Chinese invention patent No. People: Zhang Peng, Zhang Hanping, Li Zhaohui, Wu Yuping, title "Organic-inorganic composite polymer with microporous structure and its preparation method and application", date of authorization June 3, 2009; Chinese invention patent application number, inventor: Mao Wei, Zhenxing, Wang Fang, title "A Preparation Method for PVDF-PAM Polymer Lithium Battery Separator", application date April 10, 2015), their mechanical strength is still low and cannot be used in batteries such as lithium batteries be applied on a large scale.
自从电池诞生以来，除了最先采用浆糊作为隔膜外，以后的纸质、玻璃纤维毡、无纺布等均是多孔的。锂电池自其20世纪70年度诞生以来就没有采用过无孔材料作为隔膜。 Since the birth of the battery, except for the first use of paste as a separator, the subsequent paper, glass fiber mat, non-woven fabric, etc. are all porous. Lithium batteries have not used non-porous materials as separators since their birth in the 1970s.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有多孔隔膜无法解决微短路的问题以及安全性能差的缺点，同时，也克服凝胶聚合物电解质膜无法解决微短路的问题以及机械强度低的缺点，将两种或者两种以上高分子材料作为基体，提供一种无孔但具有凝胶化功能的隔膜。该种隔膜能够避免电池的微短路，大幅度提高电池的合格率。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem that the existing porous diaphragm cannot solve the problem of micro-short circuit and the shortcomings of poor safety performance. Two or more polymer materials are used as a matrix to provide a non-porous but gelatinizing diaphragm. The separator can avoid the micro-short circuit of the battery and greatly improve the qualified rate of the battery.
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述无孔隔膜在一次或者二次电池中的应用。由于无孔隔膜中具有被电解液中的有机溶剂凝胶化的高分子材料，加入有机电解液以后，形成了凝胶聚合物电解质，所制备的一次或者二次电池在高温、低温、循环和使用寿命方面得到了明显的提高。 Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned non-porous separator in primary or secondary batteries. Since the non-porous separator has a polymer material gelled by the organic solvent in the electrolyte, after adding the organic electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte is formed, and the prepared primary or secondary battery can withstand high temperature, low temperature, cycle and The service life has been significantly improved.
本发明的一种无孔隔膜，其特征在于该无孔隔膜包括两种或者两种以上高分子材料，其中至少一种能够被有机溶剂凝胶化；所述的两种或者两种以上的高分子材料是分子级、纳米级或者微米级尺度的混合中的任一种混合；该隔膜为无孔，气体的透过率为0ml/min。 A non-porous diaphragm of the present invention is characterized in that the non-porous diaphragm includes two or more polymer materials, at least one of which can be gelled by an organic solvent; the two or more high-molecular materials The molecular material is any kind of mixture in the molecular level, nanoscale or micron scale; the diaphragm is non-porous, and the gas permeability is 0ml/min.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的能够被有机溶剂凝胶化的高分子材料是合成高分子化合物或者天然高分子化合物或者是合成高分子化合物和天然高分子化合物的共混物、共聚物、改性物及复合物。 In the non-porous diaphragm of the present invention, the polymer material capable of being gelled by an organic solvent is a synthetic polymer compound or a natural polymer compound or a blend, a copolymer, or a synthetic polymer compound and a natural polymer compound. Modifications and compounds.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的合成高分子材料是聚醚类、聚硅氧烷、聚酯、聚丙烯腈、含氟聚合物、丙烯酸及其酯类的聚合物、聚氯乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯酯、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚芳烃、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺中的一种或者两种及两种以上的共混物、共聚物、改性物与复合物。 In the non-porous diaphragm of the present invention, the synthetic polymer material is polyether, polysiloxane, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, fluorine-containing polymer, acrylic acid and its ester polymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride Vinyl acetate, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyaromatic, polyamide, polyimide, or blends, copolymers, modified products and composites of two or more.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的合成高分子材料还包括有填料和添加剂，且填料和添加剂的重量比为合成高分子材料的0.01wt.%-20wt.%。 In the non-porous diaphragm of the present invention, the synthetic polymer material further includes fillers and additives, and the weight ratio of the fillers and additives is 0.01wt.%-20wt.% of the synthetic polymer material.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的填料和添加剂的重量比优选为合成高分子材料的1wt.%-5wt.%。 In the non-porous membrane of the present invention, the weight ratio of the filler and the additive is preferably 1wt.%-5wt.% of the synthetic polymer material.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的天然高分子材料是纤维素、淀粉、甲壳素、壳聚糖、胶原、明胶、蚕丝、蜘蛛丝中的一种或者两种及两种以上的共混物、改性物与复合物。 In the non-porous diaphragm of the present invention, the natural polymer material is one or a blend of two or more of cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, silk, and spider silk , Modified substances and composites.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的天然高分子的改性物为它们的烷基化合物、羧基化合物、磺酸基化合物、羧甲基化合物、接枝化合物、交联化合物中的一种或者两种及两种以上的混合物。 In the non-porous diaphragm of the present invention, the modified natural polymer is one or both of their alkyl compounds, carboxyl compounds, sulfonic acid compounds, carboxymethyl compounds, graft compounds, and crosslinking compounds. species and mixtures of two or more.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的天然高分子还包括填料和添加剂；且所述的填料和添加剂的重量比为天然高分子材料的0.01wt.%-20wt.%。 In the non-porous membrane of the present invention, the natural polymer further includes fillers and additives; and the weight ratio of the fillers and additives is 0.01wt.%-20wt.% of the natural polymer material.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的填料和添加剂的重量比优选为天然高分子材料的1wt.%-5wt.%。 In the non-porous membrane of the present invention, the weight ratio of the filler and the additive is preferably 1wt.%-5wt.% of the natural polymer material.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的填料和添加剂包括氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锆、aLi2O-bAl2O3-cTiO2-dP2O5(a、b、c、d位于１-100之间)组成的化合物、aLi2O-bLa2O3-cZrO2-dTa2O5(a、b、c、d位于１-100之间)组成的化合物、aLi2S-bSiS2-cP2S5（a、b、c位于１-100之间）组成的化合物、蒙脱土、分子筛中的一种或者两种及两种以上的混合物。 In the non-porous diaphragm of the present invention, the fillers and additives include alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, aLi 2 O-bAl 2 O 3 -cTiO 2 -dP 2 O 5 (a, b, c, d between 1-100), compounds composed of aLi 2 O-bLa 2 O 3 -cZrO 2 -dTa 2 O 5 (a, b, c, d between 1-100), aLi 2 S- Compound composed of bSiS 2 -cP 2 S 5 (a, b, c between 1-100), one of montmorillonite, molecular sieve or a mixture of two or more.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的无孔隔膜厚度为1-200微米。 In the non-porous membrane of the present invention, the thickness of the non-porous membrane is 1-200 microns.
本发明的无孔隔膜，所述的无孔隔膜厚度优选为5-40微米。 In the non-porous membrane of the present invention, the thickness of the non-porous membrane is preferably 5-40 microns.
本发明的无孔隔膜的应用，该应用为作为采用有机溶剂类电解质的一次或者二次电池的隔膜。 The application of the non-porous separator of the present invention is as a separator of a primary or secondary battery using an organic solvent electrolyte.
本发明采用由至少两种高分子材料组成的无孔隔膜，该无孔隔膜由于不存在经典隔膜和凝胶隔膜的孔隙，因此能够避免金属等异物引起的微短路，大规模提高高能量密度电池的产品合格率。同时，该无孔隔膜中存在能够被有机溶剂凝胶化的高分子材料，因此所制备的电池具有良好的安全和循环性能。 The present invention adopts a non-porous diaphragm composed of at least two polymer materials. Since the non-porous diaphragm does not have the pores of classic diaphragms and gel diaphragms, it can avoid micro-short circuits caused by foreign objects such as metals, and improve the efficiency of high-energy-density batteries on a large scale. product pass rate. At the same time, there is a polymer material that can be gelled by an organic solvent in the non-porous separator, so the prepared battery has good safety and cycle performance.
具体实施方式 detailed description
为了更好的阐述本发明，下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，但并不限于以下实施例。 In order to better illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but not limited to the following examples.
实施例1 Example 1
将厚度为15微米、孔隙率为60%的聚丙烯膜放入到10wt.%聚偏氟乙烯的丙酮溶液中，加热到30oC，待丙酮不断挥发，聚偏氟乙烯从溶液中析出，填充到聚丙烯的孔隙中。这样得到聚丙烯与聚偏氟乙烯重量比为39:61的隔膜。通过透气性检测（隔膜的面积为10平方厘米，两侧气体压差为1个大气压，时间为10分钟），发现气体的透过率为0ml/min，同时也用扫描电镜进行观察，发现没有明显的孔状结构，用螺旋测微器检测，厚度为15微米。这表明该隔膜为无孔的。 Put a polypropylene membrane with a thickness of 15 microns and a porosity of 60% into an acetone solution of 10wt.% polyvinylidene fluoride, and heat it to 30 o C. After the acetone continues to volatilize, polyvinylidene fluoride precipitates out of the solution. Fills the pores of polypropylene. This resulted in a separator having a weight ratio of polypropylene to polyvinylidene fluoride of 39:61. Through the gas permeability test (the area of the diaphragm is 10 square centimeters, the gas pressure difference on both sides is 1 atmosphere, and the time is 10 minutes), it is found that the gas transmission rate is 0ml/min. Obvious porous structure, detected with a screw micrometer, with a thickness of 15 microns. This indicates that the membrane is non-porous.
以LiFePO4、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.4:0.6)的混合物作为正极，并在正极片上按照每安时3颗粒径为0.1mm铁微球的比例固定到正极表面，以人造石墨（上海杉杉股份有限公司，CMS）、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.4:0.6)的混合物作为负极，以LB-315（国泰华荣化工有限公司，中国江苏省张家港市）作为电解液，将上述无孔隔膜作为隔膜，按照传统方式卷绕成锂离子电池，化成后进行分容，测试电池的合格率。然后在1C下2.5-4.0V之间100%放电深度进行充放电循环，观察2000次循环后电池外观和容量变化情况。部分数据示于表1中。 A mixture of LiFePO 4 , conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.4:0.6) is used as the positive electrode, and fixed to the surface of the positive electrode at the ratio of 3 iron microspheres with a diameter of 0.1mm per ampere hour on the positive electrode sheet. A mixture of artificial graphite (Shanghai Shanshan Co., Ltd., CMS), conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.4:0.6) was used as the negative electrode, and LB-315 (Guotai Huarong Chemical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China) was used as the negative electrode. Zhangjiagang City, Province of China) as the electrolyte, the above-mentioned non-porous diaphragm is used as the diaphragm, and is wound into a lithium-ion battery according to the traditional method. Then charge and discharge cycles were performed at 100% discharge depth between 2.5-4.0V at 1C, and the appearance and capacity changes of the battery were observed after 2000 cycles. Some data are shown in Table 1.
对比例1 Comparative example 1
其它条件与实施例1相同，除了隔膜采用厚度为13-18微米、孔隙率为40%、孔径为0.1-0.3微米、材料为聚丙烯。然后按照实施例1所述的方法测量电池的有关性能，有关数据汇总于表1。 Other conditions are the same as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the diaphragm is 13-18 microns, the porosity is 40%, the pore diameter is 0.1-0.3 microns, and the material is polypropylene. The relevant performance of the battery was then measured according to the method described in Example 1, and the relevant data are summarized in Table 1.
实施例2 Example 2
将厚度为30微米、孔隙率为50%的聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯复合膜放入到10wt.%聚丙烯腈的N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，加热到100oC，待N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺不断挥发，聚丙烯腈从溶液中析出，填充到聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯的孔隙中。这样得到聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯与聚丙烯腈重量比为49:51的隔膜。通过透气性检测（方法同实施例1），发现气体的透过率为0ml/min，同时也用扫描电镜进行观察，发现没有明显的孔状结构，用螺旋测微器检测，厚度为31微米。这表明该隔膜为无孔的。 Put a polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene composite membrane with a thickness of 30 microns and a porosity of 50% into a solution of 10wt.% polyacrylonitrile in N, N' -dimethylformamide and heat it to 100 o C , when N,N'-dimethylformamide continues to volatilize, polyacrylonitrile precipitates out of the solution and fills the pores of polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene. This gave a separator having a weight ratio of polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene to polyacrylonitrile of 49:51. Through gas permeability detection (the method is the same as in Example 1), it was found that the gas transmission rate was 0ml/min. At the same time, it was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and it was found that there was no obvious pore structure. It was detected by a spiral micrometer, and the thickness was 31 microns. . This indicates that the membrane is non-porous.
以高压LiCoO2（湖南杉杉股份有限公司，LC800S）、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.4:0.6)的混合物作为正极，并在正极片上按照每安时3颗粒径为0.1mm铁微球的比例固定到正极表面，以改性天然石墨（上海杉杉股份有限公司，LA1）、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.3:0.7)的混合物作为负极，以LB-315（国泰华荣化工有限公司，中国江苏省张家港市）作为电解液，将上述无孔隔膜作为隔膜，按照传统方式卷绕成方形锂离子电池，化成后进行分容，测试电池的合格率。然后在1C下2.5-4.40V之间100%放电深度进行充放电循环，观察500次循环后电池外观和容量变化情况。部分数据示于表1中。 A mixture of high-voltage LiCoO 2 (Hunan Shanshan Co., Ltd., LC800S), conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.4:0.6) is used as the positive electrode, and the particle size is 0.1 on the positive electrode sheet according to 3 particles per ampere. The proportion of mm iron microspheres is fixed on the surface of the positive electrode, and the mixture of modified natural graphite (Shanghai Shanshan Co., Ltd., LA1), conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.3:0.7) is used as the negative electrode. LB-315 (Guotai Huarong Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, China) is used as the electrolyte, and the above-mentioned non-porous separator is used as the separator, and is wound into a square lithium-ion battery according to the traditional method. Rate. Then charge and discharge cycles were performed at 100% discharge depth between 2.5-4.40V at 1C, and the appearance and capacity changes of the battery were observed after 500 cycles. Some data are shown in Table 1.
对比例2 Comparative example 2
其它条件与实施例2相同，除了隔膜采用厚度为28-32微米、孔隙率为43%、孔径为0.1-0.3微米、材料为聚丙烯、两面均涂布有厚度约为2微米粒径为100nm的SiO2的复合膜。然后按照实施例1所述的方法测量电池的有关性能，有关数据汇总于表1。 Other conditions are the same as in Example 2, except that the thickness of the diaphragm is 28-32 microns, the porosity is 43%, the aperture is 0.1-0.3 microns, the material is polypropylene, and both sides are coated with a thickness of about 2 microns and a particle size of 100 nm. Composite film of SiO 2 . The relevant performance of the battery was then measured according to the method described in Example 1, and the relevant data are summarized in Table 1.
实施例3 Example 3
将厚度为20微米、孔隙率为45%的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜放入到20wt.%聚醋酸乙烯酯的乙酸丁酯溶液中，该溶液含有质量比为5wt.%均匀分散、粒径为50nm的TiO2，加热到70oC，待乙酸丁酯不断挥发，含有TiO2的聚醋酸乙烯酯从溶液中析出，填充到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的孔隙中。这样得到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚醋酸乙烯酯与TiO2重量比为46:44:11的隔膜。通过透气性检测（方法同实施例1），发现气体的透过率为0ml/min，同时也用扫描电镜进行观察，发现没有明显的孔状结构，用螺旋测微器检测，厚度为20微米。这表明该隔膜为无孔的。 Put a polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 20 microns and a porosity of 45% into a butyl acetate solution of 20wt.% polyvinyl acetate, which contains a mass ratio of 5wt.% evenly dispersed 1. TiO 2 with a particle size of 50nm is heated to 70 o C. After the butyl acetate volatilizes continuously, the polyvinyl acetate containing TiO 2 precipitates out of the solution and fills the pores of polyethylene terephthalate. This resulted in a separator with a weight ratio of polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl acetate, and TiO 2 of 46:44:11. Through gas permeability detection (the method is the same as in Example 1), it is found that the gas transmission rate is 0ml/min. At the same time, it is also observed with a scanning electron microscope, and it is found that there is no obvious pore structure. It is detected with a spiral micrometer and the thickness is 20 microns. . This indicates that the membrane is non-porous.
以高压LiCoO2（湖南杉杉股份有限公司，LC800S）、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.4:0.6)的混合物作为正极，并在正极片上按照每安时3颗粒径为0.1mm铁微球的比例固定到正极表面，以改性天然石墨（上海杉杉股份有限公司，LA1）、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.3:0.7)的混合物作为负极，以LB-315（国泰华荣化工有限公司，中国江苏省张家港市）作为电解液，将上述无孔隔膜作为隔膜，按照传统方式制成铝塑膜包装的锂离子电池，化成后进行分容，测试电池的合格率。然后在1C下2.5-4.40V之间100%放电深度进行充放电循环，观察500次循环后电池外观和容量变化情况。部分数据示于表1中。 A mixture of high-voltage LiCoO 2 (Hunan Shanshan Co., Ltd., LC800S), conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.4:0.6) is used as the positive electrode, and the particle size is 0.1 on the positive electrode sheet according to 3 particles per ampere. The proportion of mm iron microspheres is fixed on the surface of the positive electrode, and the mixture of modified natural graphite (Shanghai Shanshan Co., Ltd., LA1), conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.3:0.7) is used as the negative electrode. LB-315 (Guotai Huarong Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, China) was used as the electrolyte, and the above-mentioned non-porous separator was used as the separator, and a lithium-ion battery packaged in aluminum-plastic film was made according to the traditional method. After formation, the capacity was separated and tested. The qualification rate of the battery. Then charge and discharge cycles were performed at 100% discharge depth between 2.5-4.40V at 1C, and the appearance and capacity changes of the battery were observed after 500 cycles. Some data are shown in Table 1.
对比例3 Comparative example 3
其它条件与实施例3相同，除了隔膜采用厚度为18-22微米、孔隙率为38%、孔径为0.1-0.3微米、材料为三层结构的聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯。然后按照实施例3所述的方法测量电池的有关性能，有关数据汇总于表1。 Other conditions are the same as in Example 3, except that the separator is polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene with a thickness of 18-22 microns, a porosity of 38%, a pore size of 0.1-0.3 microns, and a three-layer structure. The relevant performance of the battery was then measured according to the method described in Example 3, and the relevant data are summarized in Table 1.
实施例4 Example 4
将厚度为50微米、直径为200nm的聚酰亚胺纤维布放入到2wt.%羧甲基纤维素的水溶液中，该溶液含有质量比为0.4wt.%均匀分散、粒径为50nm的20Li2O-19Al2O3-SiO2-30P2O5-25TiO2-3GeO2，加热到80oC，待水不断挥发，含有20Li2O-19Al2O3-SiO2-30P2O5-25TiO2-3GeO2的羧甲基纤维素从溶液中析出，填充到聚酰亚胺纤维布的孔隙中。这样得到聚酰亚胺纤维布、羧甲基纤维素和20Li2O-19Al2O3-SiO2-30P2O5-25TiO2-3GeO2重量比为30:40:8的隔膜。通过透气性检测（方法同实施例1），发现气体的透过率为0ml/min，同时也用扫描电镜进行观察，发现没有明显的孔状结构，用螺旋测微器检测，厚度为20微米。这表明该隔膜为无孔的。 Put a polyimide fiber cloth with a thickness of 50 microns and a diameter of 200nm into an aqueous solution of 2wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose, which contains 0.4wt.% uniformly dispersed 20Li with a particle size of 50nm 2 O-19Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -30P 2 O 5 -25TiO 2 -3GeO 2 , heated to 80 o C, waited for the water to evaporate continuously, containing 20Li 2 O-19Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -30P 2 O 5 The carboxymethyl cellulose of -25TiO 2 -3GeO 2 precipitates out of the solution and fills the pores of the polyimide fiber cloth. In this way, a separator having a weight ratio of polyimide fiber cloth, carboxymethyl cellulose and 20Li 2 O-19Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -30P 2 O 5 -25TiO 2 -3GeO 2 of 30:40:8 was obtained. Through gas permeability detection (the method is the same as in Example 1), it is found that the gas transmission rate is 0ml/min. At the same time, it is also observed with a scanning electron microscope, and it is found that there is no obvious pore structure. It is detected with a spiral micrometer and the thickness is 20 microns. . This indicates that the membrane is non-porous.
以组成为Li1.05Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.4:0.6)的混合物作为正极，并在正极片上按照每安时3颗粒径为0.1mm铁微球的比例固定到正极表面，以人造石墨（上海杉杉股份有限公司，CMS）、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.3:0.7)的混合物作为负极，以LB-315（国泰华荣化工有限公司，中国江苏省张家港市）作为电解液，将上述无孔隔膜作为隔膜，按照传统方式制成金属铝壳包装的方形锂离子电池，化成后进行分容，测试电池的合格率。然后在1C下2.5-4.40V之间100%放电深度进行充放电循环，观察1000次循环后电池外观和容量变化情况。部分数据示于表1中。 A mixture of Li 1.05 Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.4:0.6) is used as the positive electrode, and the diameter of the particles on the positive electrode sheet is 0.1mm according to 3 per ampere. The proportion of iron microspheres is fixed on the surface of the positive electrode, the mixture of artificial graphite (Shanghai Shanshan Co., Ltd., CMS), conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.3:0.7) is used as the negative electrode, and LB-315 (Guotai Huarong Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, China) As the electrolyte, the above-mentioned non-porous diaphragm was used as the diaphragm, and a square lithium-ion battery packaged in a metal aluminum shell was made in a traditional way. Pass rate. Then charge and discharge cycles were performed at 100% discharge depth between 2.5-4.40V at 1C, and the appearance and capacity changes of the battery were observed after 1000 cycles. Some data are shown in Table 1.
对比例4 Comparative example 4
其它条件与实施例4相同，除了隔膜采用厚度约为50微米、孔隙率为55%、孔径为0.1-0.3微米、中间材料为三层结构的聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯、两面涂布有厚度均约为5微米的聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜，其中聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜中含有质量比为3wt.%、粒径为60nm的Al2O3。然后按照实施例4所述的方法测量电池的有关性能，有关数据汇总于表1。 Other conditions are the same as in Example 4, except that the diaphragm adopts polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene with a thickness of about 50 microns, a porosity of 55%, a pore diameter of 0.1-0.3 microns, and a three-layer structure as the intermediate material, and coated with A polyvinylidene fluoride porous membrane with an average thickness of about 5 microns, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride porous membrane contains Al 2 O 3 with a mass ratio of 3wt.% and a particle size of 60nm. The relevant performance of the battery was then measured according to the method described in Example 4, and the relevant data are summarized in Table 1.
实施例5 Example 5
将厚度为30微米、孔隙率为35%、平均孔径为400nm的聚偏氟乙烯膜放入到20wt.%聚丙烯腈的乙腈溶液中，该溶液含有质量比为0.2wt.%均匀分散、粒径为50nm的Li2S-3SiS2-5P2S5，加热到120oC，待乙腈不断挥发，含有Li2S-3SiS2-5P2S5的聚丙烯腈从溶液中析出，填充到聚偏氟乙烯的孔隙中。这样得到聚偏氟乙烯膜、聚丙烯腈和Li2S-3SiS2-5P2S5重量比为65:35:0.35的隔膜。通过透气性检测（方法同实施例1），发现气体的透过率为0ml/min，同时也用扫描电镜进行观察，发现没有明显的孔状结构，用螺旋测微器检测，厚度为30微米。这表明该隔膜为无孔的。 Put a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane with a thickness of 30 microns, a porosity of 35%, and an average pore diameter of 400 nm into a solution of 20 wt.% polyacrylonitrile in acetonitrile, which contains a mass ratio of 0.2 wt. Li 2 S-3SiS 2 -5P 2 S 5 with a diameter of 50nm, heated to 120 o C, until the acetonitrile continued to volatilize, the polyacrylonitrile containing Li 2 S-3SiS 2 -5P 2 S 5 precipitated from the solution, filled to in the pores of polyvinylidene fluoride. In this way, a separator having a polyvinylidene fluoride film, polyacrylonitrile and Li 2 S-3SiS 2 -5P 2 S 5 weight ratio of 65:35:0.35 was obtained. Through the gas permeability test (the method is the same as in Example 1), it was found that the gas permeability was 0ml/min, and at the same time, it was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and it was found that there was no obvious pore structure, and the thickness was 30 microns when tested with a spiral micrometer. . This indicates that the membrane is non-porous.
以组成为Li1.05Mn0.98Co0.02O2、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比92:4:4)的混合物作为正极，并在正极片上按照每安时3颗粒径为0.1mm铁微球的比例固定到正极表面，以人造石墨（上海杉杉股份有限公司，CMS）、导电炭黑、粘合剂PVDF(重量比9:0.3:0.7)的混合物作为负极，以LB-315（国泰华荣化工有限公司，中国江苏省张家港市）作为电解液，将上述无孔隔膜作为隔膜，按照传统方式制成铝塑膜包装的方形锂离子电池，化成后进行分容，测试电池的合格率。然后在1C下2.5-4.20V之间100%放电深度进行充放电循环，观察500次循环后电池外观和容量变化情况。部分数据示于表1中。 A mixture of Li 1.05 Mn 0.98 Co 0.02 O 2 , conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 92:4:4) is used as the positive electrode. The proportion of balls is fixed to the surface of the positive electrode, the mixture of artificial graphite (Shanghai Shanshan Co., Ltd., CMS), conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF (weight ratio 9:0.3:0.7) is used as the negative electrode, and LB-315 (Cathay Pacific Huarong Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, China) used the above-mentioned non-porous separator as the separator, and made a square lithium-ion battery packaged in aluminum-plastic film in the traditional way. . Then charge and discharge cycles were performed at 100% discharge depth between 2.5-4.20V at 1C, and the appearance and capacity changes of the battery were observed after 500 cycles. Some data are shown in Table 1.
对比例5 Comparative example 5
其它条件与实施例5相同，除了隔膜采用厚度约为30微米、孔隙率为35%、平均孔径为400nm的聚偏氟乙烯膜。然后按照实施例5所述的方法测量电池的有关性能，有关数据汇总于表1。 Other conditions are the same as in Example 5, except that the separator is a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane with a thickness of about 30 microns, a porosity of 35%, and an average pore diameter of 400 nm. The relevant performance of the battery was then measured according to the method described in Example 5, and the relevant data are summarized in Table 1.
表1实施例1-5和对比例1-5的电化学性能测试结果 The electrochemical performance test result of table 1 embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-5
从采用实施例和对比例制备锂离子电池的对比来看，本发明采用的无孔隔膜，用于高能量密度电池中，不仅能够防止电池的微短路，电池产品的合格率高，而且循环寿命长，体积变化小。 From the comparison of the preparation of lithium-ion batteries in the examples and comparative examples, the non-porous separator used in the present invention can not only prevent the micro-short circuit of the battery, but also have a high pass rate of the battery product and a long cycle life. Long, small volume change.
本发明的无孔隔膜的应用主要是作为采用有机溶剂类电解质的一次或者二次电池的隔膜，该电池的负极为碱金属、碱金属的合金、碳材料、锡、锡的合金、硅或者硅的合金，正极为MNO2(M=Li、Na、K中的一种、2种元素或者2种以上元素，N=Co、Ni、Mn、Co中一种、2种元素或者2种以上元素)、MN’PO4(N’=Fe、Mn、Co中一种、两种或者2种以上元素)或者它们的掺杂物、包覆物。 The application of the non-porous diaphragm of the present invention is mainly as the diaphragm of a primary or secondary battery using an organic solvent electrolyte, and the negative electrode of the battery is an alkali metal, an alloy of an alkali metal, a carbon material, tin, an alloy of tin, silicon or silicon alloy, the positive electrode is MNO 2 (M=one, two or more elements of Li, Na, K, or two or more elements, N=one, two or more elements of Co, Ni, Mn, Co ), MN'PO 4 (N'=one, two or more elements of Fe, Mn, Co) or their dopants and coatings.
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| WO2017167195A1 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | 浙江地坤键新能源科技有限公司 | Non-porous separator and use thereof |
| CN109728233A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-05-07 | 乐凯胶片股份有限公司 | Ceramic Slurry, Ceramic Separator and Lithium Ion Batteries |
| CN110752099A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-04 | 东莞东阳光科研发有限公司 | Preparation method of flexible supercapacitor |
| CN113540694A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-22 | 辉能科技股份有限公司 | Composite isolation layer |
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| JP7500928B2 (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2024-06-18 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Electrode structure, secondary battery, and method for manufacturing electrode structure |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190088916A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
| EP3439070B1 (en) | 2025-02-19 |
| WO2017167195A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
| EP3439070A4 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
| US11205822B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
| CN112366422A (en) | 2021-02-12 |
| JP6972000B2 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
| JP2019512838A (en) | 2019-05-16 |
| EP3439070A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
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