CN105651572A - Preparation method for filling blind joint-containing columnar joint rock mass sample - Google Patents
Preparation method for filling blind joint-containing columnar joint rock mass sample Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical class [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制备方法，包括如下步骤：模拟实际柱状节理岩体，确定待制备的试样中不同类型隐节理的三维数字空间模型，并在三维数字空间模型的表层预留小孔；采用水溶性材料将不同类型隐节理的三维数字空间模型进行3D打印，打印完成后自小孔加入相应充填物，得到不同类型的含充填物的隐节理模拟构件，用热熔胶将小孔密封，并在隐节理模拟构件表面涂抹热熔胶；配制水泥砂浆模拟实际柱状节理岩体，将隐节理模拟构件与水泥砂浆混合搅拌倒入模具，养护至初具形状的试样部件；脱模；脱模后的试样部件经烘烤、饱水、烘干、养护、加工处理，得到试样。本发明制得的试样能够完整反映岩体内部隐节理的结构和形态。
The invention relates to a preparation method of a columnar joint rock mass sample containing filling hidden joints, comprising the following steps: simulating the actual columnar joint rock mass, determining the three-dimensional digital space models of different types of hidden joints in the sample to be prepared, and Reserve small holes on the surface of the 3D digital space model; use water-soluble materials to 3D print 3D digital space models of different types of hidden joints, and add corresponding fillings from the small holes after printing to obtain different types of hidden joints with fillings For the simulation component, seal the small hole with hot melt adhesive, and apply hot melt adhesive on the surface of the hidden joint simulation component; prepare cement mortar to simulate the actual columnar joint rock mass, mix the hidden joint simulation component and cement mortar into the mold, and cure until The sample parts that have begun to take shape; demoulding; the sample parts after demoulding are baked, saturated with water, dried, cured, and processed to obtain samples. The sample prepared by the invention can fully reflect the structure and shape of hidden joints inside the rock mass.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种类岩体试样的制备方法，具体涉及一种含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制备方法，属于岩石力学领域。The invention relates to a preparation method of a rock mass sample, in particular to a preparation method of a columnar joint rock mass sample containing filled hidden joints, and belongs to the field of rock mechanics.
背景技术Background technique
柱状节理是火山熔岩喷发溢流过程中由于冷却收缩形成的呈不规则或规则形态的原生张性破裂构造，柱状节理多出现于玄武岩，在我国西南地区广泛分布，西南地区诸多已建或在建大型水电站位于柱状节理玄武岩之上。柱状节理岩体作为一种具有特殊结构的岩体，其不但具有出露的柱间节理面，在柱内还有隐含的节理面，称为隐节理，由于柱状节理岩体柱间节理和隐节理的存在，导致柱状节理岩体具有显著的力学和渗透性质的各向异性，对工程安全影响显著，因此研究柱状节理岩体的力学和渗透性质的各向异性，具有较高的实际和工程价值。Columnar joints are irregular or regular primary tensile fracture structures formed due to cooling and contraction during the eruption and overflow of volcanic lava. Columnar joints mostly appear in basalt and are widely distributed in Southwest China. Many of them have been built or are under construction in Southwest my country. Large hydropower plants are built on columnar jointed basalt rocks. As a kind of rock mass with special structure, columnar joint rock mass not only has exposed inter-column joint surfaces, but also has hidden joint surfaces inside the columns, which are called hidden joints. The existence of hidden joints leads to the significant anisotropy of mechanical and permeability properties of columnar jointed rock mass, which has a significant impact on engineering safety. Therefore, the study of anisotropy of mechanical and permeability properties of columnar jointed rock mass has high practical and practical engineering value.
试验是岩石力学领域经常采用的一种研究方法，由于柱状节理岩体包含有多组节理且柱体体积较大，受室内试验试样尺寸大小的限制，在工程现场所取的天然岩样只含有一组或不包含节理，并不能充分反映柱状节理岩体的各向异性；且由于柱状节理岩体几何性质的多变性，不同岩体节理差异较大，取自部分岩体的天然岩样的试验结果不具有充分代表性，因此通常选用人工制样的方法制备柱状节理岩样，但目前制备柱状节理岩体人工岩样的方法还不完备，仅能制备只含有出露的柱间节理的柱状节理岩体试样，还没有有效的方法制备含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样，但隐节理对柱状节理岩体的力学和渗透特性以及各向异性有着显著的影响，忽略隐节理就不能充分模拟实际工程现场柱状节理岩体的性质，因此如何制备含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样成为岩石力学试验领域急需解决的问题。Test is a research method often used in the field of rock mechanics. Since the columnar jointed rock mass contains multiple groups of joints and the volume of the column is large, the natural rock samples taken at the engineering site are only limited by the size of the laboratory test specimens. Containing a group of joints or not including joints does not fully reflect the anisotropy of the columnar joint rock mass; and due to the variability of the geometric properties of the columnar joint rock mass, the joints of different rock masses are quite different, and the natural rock samples taken from some rock masses The test results are not fully representative, so the method of artificial sample preparation is usually used to prepare columnar joint rock samples, but the current method for preparing artificial rock samples of columnar joint rock mass is not complete, and only exposed intercolumn joints can be prepared. However, there is no effective method to prepare columnar joint rock samples with filling hidden joints, but hidden joints have a significant impact on the mechanical and permeability properties and anisotropy of columnar joint rock mass. Joints cannot fully simulate the properties of columnar jointed rock mass in the actual engineering site, so how to prepare columnar jointed rock mass samples with filled hidden joints has become an urgent problem in the field of rock mechanics testing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：本发明的目的在于提供一种含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制备方法，该方法制得的试样能够完整地反映柱状节理岩体内部隐节理的结构和形态。Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a columnar joint rock mass sample containing filled hidden joints, the sample prepared by this method can completely reflect the structure and shape of the internal hidden joints of the columnar joint rock mass.
技术方案：本发明涉及一种含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制备方法，包括如下步骤：Technical solution: The present invention relates to a preparation method of a columnar jointed rock mass sample containing filled hidden joints, comprising the following steps:
(1)模拟实际柱状节理岩体中隐节理及隐节理中充填物的结构、形态，确定待制备的试样中各种类型隐节理的三维数字空间模型，并在所得三维数字空间模型的表层预留小孔；(1) Simulate the structure and shape of the hidden joints in the actual columnar joint rock mass and the fillings in the hidden joints, determine the three-dimensional digital space models of various types of hidden joints in the samples to be prepared, and add them on the surface of the obtained three-dimensional digital space model Reserve a small hole;
(2)采用水溶性材料将不同类型隐节理的三维数字空间模型进行3D打印，打印完成后自小孔处加入相应的充填物，得到不同类型含充填物的隐节理模拟构件，用热熔胶将所述小孔密封，并在所得隐节理模拟构件表面涂抹热熔胶；(2) Use water-soluble materials to 3D print the three-dimensional digital space models of different types of hidden joints. After the printing is completed, add corresponding fillings from the small holes to obtain different types of hidden joint simulation components containing fillings. Hot melt adhesive Sealing the small hole, and applying hot melt adhesive on the surface of the obtained hidden joint simulation member;
(3)模拟柱状节理岩体的力学性能配制水泥砂浆，将隐节理模拟构件与水泥砂浆混合搅拌后倒入模具，养护至水泥砂浆固化成型、形成初具形状的试样部件；(3) Prepare cement mortar by simulating the mechanical properties of columnar jointed rock mass, mix and stir the hidden joint simulation components with cement mortar, pour it into the mold, and cure until the cement mortar is solidified and formed to form a sample part that has initially taken shape;
(4)脱模；(4) demoulding;
(5)烘烤试样部件至热熔胶完全融化，然后进行饱水、至隐节理模拟构件完全溶解，得到最终形态的试样部件，烘干、养护、加工处理，得到含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样。(5) Bake the sample parts until the hot melt adhesive is completely melted, then saturate with water until the hidden joint simulation components are completely dissolved to obtain the final sample parts, dry, maintain, and process to obtain the filled hidden joints Columnar jointed rock sample.
本发明将3D打印技术用于制备隐节理模拟构件，可以精确控制隐节理的大小、空间形态、节理面的粗糙度；采用水溶性材料制备隐节理模拟构件，将试样部件完全饱水即可溶解模拟隐节理的构件，隐节理中仅剩下构件中的充填物，解决了制备含充填隐节理试样时模拟隐节理的构件无法取出的问题；通过在隐节理表层设置小孔，解决了充填物不易放入的问题。The present invention uses 3D printing technology to prepare hidden joint simulation components, which can accurately control the size, spatial shape, and roughness of joint surfaces of hidden joints; water-soluble materials are used to prepare hidden joint simulation components, and the sample parts can be completely saturated with water Dissolve the components with simulated hidden joints, and only the filling in the components remains in the hidden joints, which solves the problem that the simulated hidden joints cannot be taken out when preparing samples with filled hidden joints; by setting small holes on the surface of hidden joints, it solves the problem of The problem that the filler is not easy to put in.
具体的，上述水溶性材料为PVA材料。Specifically, the above-mentioned water-soluble material is a PVA material.
上述步骤(5)中，将烘烤后的试样部件放入水中进行抽真空饱水。抽真空饱水可以快速让试样部件达到饱水状态，水分充分进入到试样部件内部。In the above step (5), the baked sample parts are put into water for vacuuming and saturating. Vacuum saturation can quickly make the sample part reach the saturated state, and the water can fully enter the interior of the sample part.
优选的，步骤(3)中的模具与水泥砂浆接触的部分由钴铬合金材料制成，并在该部分表面涂抹热熔胶。热熔胶与钴铬合金的粘结力较弱，对水泥砂浆的粘结力较强，将热熔胶均匀涂抹在钴铬合金模具的表面，在水泥砂浆固化形成试样部件前，阻断水泥砂浆与模具的粘结，避免后续脱模时破坏试样部件的结构。Preferably, the part of the mold in step (3) in contact with the cement mortar is made of cobalt-chromium alloy material, and hot melt adhesive is applied on the surface of this part. The bonding force between hot melt adhesive and cobalt-chromium alloy is weak, and the bonding force to cement mortar is strong. Apply hot melt adhesive evenly on the surface of cobalt-chromium alloy mold, and block the cement mortar before it solidifies to form the sample parts. The bond between the cement mortar and the mold avoids damage to the structure of the sample parts during subsequent demoulding.
进一步的，步骤(3)中，模具底座设有密封的气孔，脱模时，将该气孔解除密封，自气孔向模具内鼓入空气，使试样部件从模具中脱出。脱模方便快捷，且不会破坏试样部件的结构。Further, in step (3), the mold base is provided with a sealed air hole. When demoulding, the air hole is unsealed, and air is blown into the mold from the air hole to make the sample part come out of the mold. The demoulding is convenient and quick without destroying the structure of the sample part.
较优的，步骤(2)中，涂抹的热熔胶的厚度为0.5～0.6mm。此时，极薄的热熔胶可以完整的模拟隐节理面或者实际岩体表面的粗糙度。Preferably, in step (2), the thickness of the applied hot melt adhesive is 0.5-0.6 mm. At this time, the extremely thin hot melt adhesive can completely simulate the roughness of the hidden joint surface or the surface of the actual rock mass.
具体的，步骤(5)中，将养护后的试样部件进行粘接、切割、打磨得到含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样。Specifically, in step (5), the cured sample parts are bonded, cut, and polished to obtain a columnar jointed rock mass sample containing hidden joints filled.
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：Beneficial effect: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of:
(1)本发明首次将3D打印技术应用于含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制作，采用三维数字空间模型可以完整表现所制备柱状节理岩体试样中隐节理的类型、大小、空间形态和粗糙度，通过3D打印技术制作模拟隐节理的构件，可以将三维数字空间模型精确打印成物理模型，可以精确控制隐节理的大小，空间形态，节理面的粗糙度；其次，本发明采用水溶性材料制备隐节理模拟构件，完全饱水即可溶解试样部件中模拟隐节理的构件，解决了制备含充填隐节理试样时模拟隐节理的构件无法取出的问题；而且，一方面采用热熔胶将小孔密封紧密并牢固的粘在隐节理模拟构件表面，热熔胶不会在搅拌水泥砂浆的过程中脱落，防止隐节理模拟构件中充填物的流失，另一方面在隐节理模拟构件表面涂抹热熔胶，防止构件在与水泥砂浆接触过程中溶解；(1) For the first time, the present invention applies 3D printing technology to the production of columnar jointed rock mass samples containing filling hidden joints. The three-dimensional digital space model can fully express the type, size, and shape of hidden joints in the prepared columnar jointed rock mass samples Spatial form and roughness, by using 3D printing technology to make components that simulate hidden joints, the three-dimensional digital space model can be accurately printed into a physical model, and the size, spatial form, and roughness of the joint surface can be precisely controlled; secondly, the present invention Water-soluble materials are used to prepare hidden joint simulation components, which can be completely saturated with water to dissolve the simulated hidden joint components in the sample parts, which solves the problem that the simulated hidden joint components cannot be taken out when preparing samples containing filling hidden joints; moreover, on the one hand Hot melt adhesive is used to seal the small holes tightly and firmly adhere to the surface of the hidden joint simulation member. The hot melt adhesive will not fall off during the process of mixing cement mortar, preventing the loss of filling in the hidden joint simulation member. Apply hot melt adhesive on the surface of the joint simulation component to prevent the component from dissolving during contact with cement mortar;
(2)通过在隐节理表层设置小孔，可以在不同类型的隐节理模拟构件中放入对应的充填物，解决了制备试样时充填物不易放入以及不同类型隐节理的充填物分布不易控制的问题；(2) By setting small holes on the surface of hidden joints, corresponding fillings can be placed in different types of hidden joint simulation components, which solves the difficulty of filling in when preparing samples and the difficulty of filling distribution of different types of hidden joints control issues;
(3)通过采用钴铬合金制备模具中与水泥砂浆接触的部分，并在该部分涂抹热熔胶，避免水泥砂浆与模具的粘结、使得成型试样部件不能有效脱模，使3D打印技术在在岩土工程领域类岩石材料制备方面能够得到广泛运用；(3) By using cobalt-chromium alloy to prepare the part of the mold that is in contact with the cement mortar, and apply hot melt adhesive on this part, to avoid the bonding between the cement mortar and the mold, so that the molded sample parts cannot be effectively demoulded, and the 3D printing technology It can be widely used in the preparation of rock-like materials in the field of geotechnical engineering;
(4)通过在模具底座预留气孔，在脱模时，可自气孔向模具内鼓入空气，将试样部件顶出模具，快速脱模，脱模方便快捷，不会破坏试样部件或其中隐节理的结构；(4) By reserving air holes in the base of the mold, air can be blown into the mold from the air holes during demoulding, and the sample parts can be ejected out of the mold for rapid demoulding. The demoulding is convenient and fast, and will not damage the sample parts or Among them, the structure of hidden joints;
(5)本发明的方法操作简单，高效，快捷，应用范围广，可以根据实际需要制备不同类型含复杂裂隙结构的充填隐节理柱状节理岩体试样，为制作含充填隐节理岩体试样开辟了新思路。(5) The method of the present invention is simple to operate, efficient, fast, and has a wide range of applications, and can prepare different types of filled hidden joint columnar joint rock mass samples containing complex fracture structures according to actual needs. opened up new ideas.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制备方法的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for preparing a columnar jointed rock mass sample containing filled hidden joints according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below.
本发明的一种含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制备方法，包括如下步骤：A method for preparing a columnar jointed rock mass sample containing filled hidden joints of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)模拟实际柱状节理岩体中隐节理及隐节理中充填物的结构、形态，如隐节理的类型数量、大小、空间形态、粗糙度等，确定待制备的试样中各种类型隐节理的三维数字空间模型，并在所得隐节理的三维数字空间模型的表层预留小孔；(1) Simulate the structure and shape of the hidden joints in the actual columnar joint rock mass and the fillings in the hidden joints, such as the type, quantity, size, spatial shape, roughness, etc. of the hidden joints, and determine the various types of hidden joints in the samples to be prepared. The three-dimensional digital space model of the joint, and reserve small holes on the surface of the three-dimensional digital space model of the hidden joint;
通过该小孔，可以在不同类型的隐节理模拟构件中放入对应的充填物，解决了制备试样时充填物不易放入以及不同类型隐节理的充填物分布不易控制的问题。Through the small hole, corresponding fillings can be placed in different types of hidden joint simulation members, which solves the problems that the fillings are not easy to put in when preparing samples and the distribution of fillings of different types of hidden joints is difficult to control.
(2)采用水溶性材料，如可PVA材料，将不同类型隐节理的三维数字空间模型通过3D打印技术打印，打印完成后自小孔处加入相应的充填物，得到不同类型的含充填物的隐节理模拟构件，用热熔胶将小孔密封，并在制得的隐节理模拟构件表面涂抹热熔胶；(2) Use water-soluble materials, such as PVA materials, to print the three-dimensional digital space models of different types of hidden joints through 3D printing technology. After printing, add corresponding fillings from the small holes to obtain different types of joints containing fillings. For the hidden joint simulation component, the small hole is sealed with hot melt adhesive, and the hot melt adhesive is applied on the surface of the hidden joint simulation component;
采用热熔胶将小孔密封紧密并牢固的粘在构件表面，热熔胶不会在搅拌水泥砂浆的过程中脱落，防止构件中充填物的流失；同时，在隐节理模拟构件表面涂抹热熔胶，防止构件在与水泥砂浆接触过程中溶解；为了能够完整的模拟隐节理面的粗糙度，可将涂抹热熔胶的厚度控制在0.5～0.6mm；可采用高精度的热熔胶枪涂抹热熔胶，高精度热熔胶枪可以精确的控制热熔胶喷出的体积，涂抹的热熔胶的精度可以控制在0.1mm左右。Hot-melt adhesive is used to seal the small holes tightly and firmly adhere to the surface of the component. The hot-melt adhesive will not fall off during the process of mixing cement mortar, preventing the loss of filling in the component; at the same time, apply hot melt on the surface of the hidden joint simulation component Glue to prevent components from dissolving during contact with cement mortar; in order to completely simulate the roughness of the hidden joint surface, the thickness of the applied hot melt adhesive can be controlled at 0.5-0.6mm; a high-precision hot melt glue gun can be used to apply Hot-melt glue, high-precision hot-melt glue gun can accurately control the volume of hot-melt glue sprayed, and the accuracy of the applied hot-melt glue can be controlled at about 0.1mm.
(3)模拟柱状节理岩体的力学性能配制水泥砂浆，将隐节理模拟构件与水泥砂浆混合搅拌后倒入模具，养护至水泥砂浆固化成型、形成初具形状的试样部件；(3) Prepare cement mortar by simulating the mechanical properties of columnar jointed rock mass, mix and stir the hidden joint simulation components with cement mortar, pour it into the mold, and cure until the cement mortar is solidified and formed to form a sample part that has initially taken shape;
模具与水泥砂浆接触的部分可由钴铬合金材料制成，并在该部分涂抹热熔胶，由于热熔胶与钴铬合金的粘结力较弱，对水泥砂浆的粘结力较强，将热熔胶均匀涂抹在钴铬合金模具的表面，在水泥砂浆固化形成试样部件前，阻断水泥砂浆与模具的粘结，避免后续脱模时破坏试样部件的结构。The part of the mold in contact with the cement mortar can be made of cobalt-chromium alloy material, and hot-melt adhesive is applied on this part. Since the hot-melt adhesive has weak bonding force with cobalt-chromium alloy and strong bonding force to cement mortar, it will The hot melt adhesive is evenly applied on the surface of the cobalt-chromium alloy mold, and before the cement mortar solidifies to form the sample part, it blocks the bond between the cement mortar and the mold, and avoids destroying the structure of the sample part during subsequent demolding.
同样的，为了能够完整的模拟岩体表面的粗糙度，可将涂抹热熔胶的厚度控制在0.5～0.6mm；可采用高精度的热熔胶枪涂抹热熔胶，高精度热熔胶枪可以精确的控制热熔胶喷出的体积，涂抹的热熔胶的精度可以控制在0.1mm左右。Similarly, in order to completely simulate the roughness of the rock mass surface, the thickness of the applied hot melt adhesive can be controlled at 0.5-0.6mm; a high-precision hot-melt glue gun can be used to apply hot-melt glue The volume of the hot melt adhesive can be precisely controlled, and the accuracy of the applied hot melt adhesive can be controlled at about 0.1mm.
(4)将试样脱模；(4) Demoulding the sample;
可事先在模具底座设有密封的气孔，脱模时，将该气孔解除密封，自气孔向模具内鼓入空气，试样部件即可从模具中脱出；该方法脱模方便快捷，且不会破坏试样部件及内部隐节理的结构。A sealed air hole can be provided in the mold base in advance. When demolding, the air hole is unsealed, and air is blown into the mold from the air hole, and the sample part can be released from the mold; this method is convenient and quick to demould, and will not Destroy the structure of the sample parts and internal hidden joints.
(5)将脱模后的试样部件烘烤至热熔胶完全融化，然后进行饱水，可将烘烤后的试样部件放入水中进行抽真空饱水，抽真空饱水可以快速让试样部件达到饱水状态，水分充分进入到试样部件内部，直至隐节理模拟构件完全溶解，得到最终形态的试样部件，取出烘干、养护，将养护后的试样部件进行加工处理，包括粘接、切割和打磨等，得到含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样。隐节理模拟构件溶解后，试样构件内部隐节理部分仅剩充填物，加工处理后得到的试样能够全面反映含充填隐节理岩体的实际结构。(5) Bake the demoulded sample parts until the hot melt adhesive is completely melted, and then saturate them with water. The baked sample parts can be vacuumed and saturated with water. Vacuum and saturated water can quickly make the The sample part reaches the saturated state, and the water fully enters the inside of the sample part until the hidden joint simulation member is completely dissolved, and the sample part in the final form is obtained, taken out for drying and curing, and the cured sample part is processed. Including bonding, cutting and grinding, etc., to obtain a columnar jointed rock mass sample with filled hidden joints. After the hidden joint simulation member is dissolved, only the filling remains in the hidden joint part of the sample member, and the processed sample can fully reflect the actual structure of the rock mass with filled hidden joints.
本发明将3D打印技术应用于含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制作，具体的，将3D打印技术用于制备隐节理模拟构件，可以精确控制隐节理的大小、空间形态、节理面的粗糙度，完整地反映柱状节理岩体内部隐节理的结构和形态；并采用水溶性材料制备隐节理模拟构件，将试样部件完全饱水即可溶解模拟隐节理的构件，隐节理中仅剩下构件中的充填物，解决了制备含充填隐节理试样时模拟隐节理的构件无法取出的问题。The present invention applies 3D printing technology to the production of columnar joint rock mass samples containing filled hidden joints. Specifically, 3D printing technology is used to prepare hidden joint simulation components, which can accurately control the size, spatial form, and joint surface of hidden joints. The roughness can fully reflect the structure and shape of the hidden joints inside the columnar joint rock mass; and the water-soluble materials are used to prepare the hidden joint simulation components, and the components of the simulated hidden joints can be dissolved by fully saturating the sample parts. In the hidden joints, only The filling in the components is left, which solves the problem that the components with simulated hidden joints cannot be taken out when preparing samples with filled hidden joints.
实施例Example
以制备某水电站河床坝基处含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体岩样为例，本发明的含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样的制备方法如下：Taking the preparation of a columnar jointed rock mass sample containing filling hidden joints at the river bed dam foundation of a certain hydropower station as an example, the preparation method of the columnar jointing rock mass sample containing filling hidden joints of the present invention is as follows:
(1)根据该水电站河床坝基处柱状节理岩体的地质资料，根据相似关系确定所制备柱状节理岩体试样中隐节理的类型，数量，大小、空间形态、粗糙度和不同类型隐节理中的充填物类型、形态等，做出试样中不同类型隐节理的三维数字空间模型，并在隐节理的三维数字模型的表层预留小孔。(1) According to the geological data of the columnar joint rock mass at the river bed dam foundation of the hydropower station, determine the type, quantity, size, spatial shape, roughness, and depth of hidden joints in the prepared columnar joint rock mass samples according to the similarity relationship. Based on the type and shape of the filling material, three-dimensional digital space models of different types of hidden joints in the sample are made, and small holes are reserved on the surface of the three-dimensional digital models of hidden joints.
(2)将隐节理的三维数字空间模型输入3D打印机，采用可溶于水的PVA材料分别打印出不同类型的隐节理模拟构件，打印出的隐节理模拟构件中空并留有小孔，构件的大小，空间形态，表面粗糙度等充分模拟了工程现场的隐节理的形态，通过小孔在隐节理的构件中放入砂土作为充填物，然后用热熔胶将小孔密封并在制得的隐节理模拟构件表面均匀涂抹一层热熔胶，热熔胶厚度为0.5～0.6mm。(2) Input the 3D digital space model of the hidden joint into the 3D printer, and use water-soluble PVA material to print out different types of hidden joint simulation components. The printed hidden joint simulation components are hollow and have small holes. The size, spatial shape, surface roughness, etc. fully simulate the shape of hidden joints on the engineering site. Sand is placed in the hidden joint members through small holes as filling materials, and then the small holes are sealed with hot melt adhesive and manufactured. A layer of hot melt adhesive is evenly applied on the surface of the hidden joint simulation member, and the thickness of the hot melt adhesive is 0.5-0.6 mm.
(3)模拟柱状节理岩块的力学性能，以水泥砂浆为原料制备试样，根据相似关系确定水泥砂浆的配比，最终确定试样由普通硅酸盐水泥，天然河砂和水按质量比例1:0.5:0.4混合而成，其中河砂粒径小于1mm，加入总质量0.5％的防渗剂和减水剂，加强材料的防渗性能和水泥的流动性、减小孔隙度，加入少许消泡剂减少水泥水化过程中的气泡产生。(3) Simulate the mechanical properties of columnar jointed rock blocks, prepare samples with cement mortar as raw material, determine the proportion of cement mortar according to the similarity relationship, and finally determine that the sample is composed of ordinary Portland cement, natural river sand and water according to the mass ratio 1:0.5:0.4 mixed, in which the river sand particle size is less than 1mm, adding 0.5% of the total mass of anti-seepage agent and water reducing agent, to strengthen the anti-seepage performance of the material and the fluidity of the cement, reduce the porosity, add a little Defoamers reduce the generation of air bubbles during cement hydration.
根据所确定的柱状节理岩体试样中含有隐节理的类型和每种类型隐节理的数量，放入相应类型和数量的隐节理模拟构件与水泥砂浆充分搅拌，保证隐节理模拟构件在水泥砂浆中均匀分布；采用钴铬合金材料制成的模具使水泥砂浆成型，模具底座设有密封的气孔，并在模具内部与水泥砂浆接触的部分均匀涂抹热熔胶，热熔胶厚度为0.5～0.6mm，将搅拌均匀的水泥砂浆与隐节理模拟构件倒入模具，在温度为22℃，湿度为90％的恒温恒湿箱中养护至水泥砂浆固化成型，形成初具形状的试样部件。According to the type of hidden joints contained in the determined columnar jointed rock mass sample and the number of hidden joints of each type, put the corresponding type and quantity of hidden joint simulation components and fully mix with cement mortar to ensure that the hidden joint simulation components are fully mixed with cement mortar. Evenly distributed in the center; the mold made of cobalt-chromium alloy material is used to form the cement mortar, the mold base is provided with sealed air holes, and the hot melt adhesive is evenly applied on the part of the mold that is in contact with the cement mortar, and the thickness of the hot melt adhesive is 0.5 to 0.6 mm, pour the uniformly stirred cement mortar and hidden joint simulation components into the mold, and cure them in a constant temperature and humidity box with a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 90% until the cement mortar solidifies and forms a sample part that has initially taken shape.
(4)将模具底座的密封气孔打开，自气孔向模具内鼓入空气，使试样部件从模具中脱出；(4) Open the sealed air hole of the mold base, blow air into the mold from the air hole, and make the sample part escape from the mold;
(5)将脱模后的试样部件放入烘箱中以80℃的温度烘烤，保证涂抹在隐节理模拟构件表面的热熔胶完全融化后，将试样部件放入常温水中抽真空饱水2-4小时，确保隐节理模拟构件完全溶解，仅剩下隐节理模拟构件中的充填物砂土留在隐节理中，得到最终形态的试样部件，将其取出烘干，然后在温度22℃，湿度90％的恒温恒湿箱中养护33天后，经过粘接、切割、打磨等加工处理，制得含充填隐节理的柱状节理岩体试样。(5) Put the sample parts after demolding into an oven and bake at a temperature of 80 °C to ensure that the hot melt adhesive applied on the surface of the hidden joint simulation member is completely melted, then put the sample parts into room temperature water and evacuate to saturate Water for 2-4 hours to ensure that the hidden joint simulating member is completely dissolved, leaving only the filling sand in the hidden joint simulating member remaining in the hidden joint to obtain the final sample part, take it out and dry it, and then dry it at a temperature of 22 ℃, 90% humidity in a constant temperature and humidity box for 33 days, after bonding, cutting, grinding and other processing, the columnar jointed rock mass sample containing hidden joints was prepared.
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