CN105638002B - Strip subsoiling ridge clearing straw mixing combined operation machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combined operating machine for strip deep loosening, ridge clearing, straw mixing and mixing, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Including frame, gearbox, transmission device, subsoiling device installed on the frame from the working front end to the rear end, ridging device, mixing device and suppression device, subsoiling shovel and mixing device of the subsoiling device The cutter head group is placed in the ditch, the ridge cleaning device is placed at the side of the ridge, and the through shaft of the mixing device is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox through the transmission device. The present invention can simultaneously complete subsoiling, ridge clearing, mixing, compacting and other items such as subsoiling, ridge clearing, mixing, and suppression at one time during the operation process, and can also achieve subsoiling, clearing ridges, straw returning, fertilizing soil fertility, and enhancing soil fertility. The role of soil organic matter effectively prevents straw burning. The implement developed according to the invention realizes one-machine joint operation, effectively improves the utilization rate of large and medium-sized tractors, and effectively solves agricultural mechanized production technical problems such as deep plowing to improve soil, spaced plowing, and straw returning to the field.

Description

Strip subsoiling ridge clearing straw mixing combined operation machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a strip deep loosening and ridge clearing straw mixing combined operation machine.

Background technique

my country's rain-fed and dry land area is 1.109 billion mu, accounting for 56.8% of the country's total cultivated land area. It is mainly distributed in the Northeast, North China, and Northwest major grain-producing areas. Its crop production has important strategic significance for ensuring national food security. However, in the past 30 years, the continuous small-scale agricultural machinery power shallow tillage and the predatory production mode of reusing farmland and ignoring cultivation have led to the deterioration of the cultivated layer environment such as shallower plow layers, thicker plow layers, weakened soil buffer capacity, and prominent contradictions between water, fertilizer, air, and heat. , The problem of declining cultivated land quality has become increasingly prominent. Unreasonable farming methods such as shallow plowing are commonly used in rain-fed drylands, which has caused structural problems in the plow layer. The thickness of the plow layer is generally less than 15 cm. Mechanical operations and rolling at the same depth year after year also lead to an increase in the thickness and compactness of the plow bottom layer. The limited active soil layer and tight plow bottom layer not only inhibit the growth of crop roots, but also cause difficult infiltration of rainwater, surface runoff, wind erosion and water erosion, etc.; neglect of organic material input and heavy use of chemical fertilizers. Functional problems, such as reduced soil organic matter content, hardening, and poor tillability, etc.; the superimposed effect of the structure and functional obstacles of the plow layer and the inconsistency between them has exacerbated the contradiction between water, fertilizer, air, and heat in the farmland, and is a major factor that restricts the high and stable yield of dry farmland and resources. A key sticking point for utilization efficiency. As a result, problems such as low crop yields, large inter-annual yield fluctuations, and declining resource utilization efficiency have become increasingly serious, and have become key bottlenecks restricting high and stable crop yields and efficient use of resources.

On the other hand, crop straw resources are very rich. In order to prevent farmers from burning straw to pollute the environment and fire hazards, the straw can be returned to the field to increase the organic matter in the soil, change the soil from compacted to loose, increase air permeability, Water permeability, improve the ability of drought resistance and moisture conservation. However, there are still some problems in the existing stubble removal machine in the process of returning to the field. For example, the straw returning to the field is shallow and how to clear the straw within a certain width on both sides of the furrow into the furrow. At present, it still lacks high collection efficiency and low power consumption. corresponding equipment. For this reason, in order to solve the problems of deep plowing to improve soil, spaced tillage, straw returning and other technologies, a reasonable soil tillage system suitable for different soils and supporting equipment were developed.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a strip subsoiling, ridge clearing, straw mixing and mixing combined operation machine, which can complete subsoiling, ridge clearing, mixing, and suppression at one time during the operation process. Field operations, and can also achieve deep loosening, clearing ridges, returning straw to the field, fertilizing soil fertility, and enhancing soil organic matter.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A strip subsoiling ridge clearing and straw mixing combined operation machine, including a frame, a gearbox, a transmission device, a subsoiling device installed on the frame from the working front end to the rear end, a ridge clearing device, a mixing device and The suppression device, the subsoiling shovel of the subsoiling device and the cutter head group of the mixing device are placed in the furrow, the clearing device is placed at the side of the ridge, and the through shaft of the mixing device is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox through the transmission device.

Further, the working front end of the subsoiling device is also provided with an anti-winding disc knife.

Further, the mixing device includes a through shaft and a plurality of cutter head groups arranged at equal intervals on the through shaft, and the number of cutter head groups is the same as the number of subsoiling shovels of the subsoiling device.

Further, the cutterhead group is composed of three cutterheads: left, middle and right. The blades of the left and right cutterheads are located on one side and are relatively staggered. The blades of the middle cutterhead are arranged at intervals on both sides. The three cutterheads The blades are respectively staggered to form a helical arrangement.

Further, the ridge-clearing device is to install two stubble-clearing discs with an included angle on the ridge-clearing base, and the stubble-clearing discs are located at the sides of the ridges and penetrate 2-3 cm into the soil.

Further, a soil retaining mechanism is also provided between the mixing device and the suppressing device on the frame, and the soil retaining mechanism includes a soil retaining plate, a control rod for the retaining plate and a spring, one end of the retaining plate is hinged on the frame, and the other is One end is connected with the baffle control rod, the baffle control rod is covered with a spring, and the end protrudes from the installation hole on the frame, and reciprocates along the installation hole.

Further, the soil retaining plate is a sloping plate with an arc-shaped end.

Further, the pressing device is a cage-shaped roller, that is, a plurality of bar-shaped rods are evenly arranged along the circumference between the two discs, and the soil is suppressed by the cage-shaped roller to form a soil layer alternated between virtual and real.

Further, a depth-limiting device is provided on one side of the working front frame, and the depth-limiting device includes a depth-limiting wheel and a mounting frame, and the depth-limiting wheel is connected to the frame through a mounting frame with an adjustment hole.

Further, the installation frame includes a depth-limiting rod, a depth-limiting base, and a U-shaped bolt. One end of the depth-limiting rod is connected to the depth-limiting wheel, and the other end is connected to the depth-limiting base. The depth-limiting base is connected to a U-shaped bolt. Connected to the frame; the depth-gauge rod is provided with a plurality of height-adjusting holes, which are connected with the depth-gauge base to adjust the installation height of the depth-gauge wheel.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention can simultaneously complete subsoiling, ridge clearing, mixing, compacting and other items such as subsoiling, ridge clearing, mixing, and suppression at one time during the operation process, and can also achieve subsoiling, clearing ridges, straw returning, fertilizing soil fertility, and enhancing soil fertility. The role of soil organic matter effectively prevents straw burning. The implement developed according to the invention realizes one-machine joint operation, effectively improves the utilization rate of large and medium-sized tractors, and effectively solves technical problems such as deep plowing to improve soil, spaced plowing, and straw returning to the field.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mixing device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the subsoiling device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the depth limiting device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the stubble cleaning device in Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Upper suspension,

2. Subsoiling device, 21. Chisel shovel, 22. Shovel column, 23. Disc knife, 24. Knife holder, 25. U-bolt,

3. Bottom suspension,

4. Ridge clearing device, 41. U-shaped card, 42. Ridge clearing base, 43. Stubble clearing disc,

5. Depth-limiting device, 51. Depth-limiting wheel, 52. Depth-limiting rod, 53. Depth-limiting base, 54. U-bolt,

6. gearbox,

7. Mixing device, 71. Through shaft, 72. Left cutter head, 73. Middle cutter head, 74. Right cutter head,

8. Repression device,

9. Rack, 10. Universal joint transmission shaft,

11. Mold guard, 12. Guard lever, 13. Spring.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment: As shown in Figure 1, a strip deep pine and ridge clearing straw mixing combined operation machine of the present invention includes a frame 9, a gearbox 6, a transmission device, and is installed on the frame 9 from the working front end to the rear end in sequence. The set subsoiling device 2, ridge cleaning device 4, mixing device 7 and suppressing device 8, the subsoiling shovel of the subsoiling device 2 and the cutter head group of the mixing device 7 are placed in the furrow, and the ridge cleaning device 4 is placed in the ridge In the side position, the through shaft 71 of the mixing device 2 is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox 6 through the transmission device.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the working front end of the subsoiling device 2 is also provided with an anti-winding disc knife 23 . Disc knife 23 is connected at the working front end of subsoiling shovel by knife rest 24. The subsoiling device 2 is to subsoil the mixed furrows. Due to soil compaction, hardening and grass entanglement, a disc knife is installed in front to reduce the penetration resistance of the subsoiling shovel, prevent the shovel column from breaking and reduce power consumption. The maximum depth of the subsoiling shovel into the soil is 25cm. When working in a furrow, the front disc knife can penetrate the soil at about 10cm, and it can also be adjusted up and down according to the blockage of the straw.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the mixing device 7 includes a through shaft 71 and a plurality of cutter head groups arranged at equal intervals on the through shaft 71 , and the number of the cutter head groups is the same as the number of subsoiling shovels of the subsoiling device. The effect of mixing device 7 is to mix the crushed straw and soil in the furrow, and the mixing cutter is only installed in the furrow. The working depth is more than 15cmm, and the cutterhead type C-shaped cutter is used to mix (soil and straw) in the ditch, and the depth can be adjusted with the depth-limiting wheel.

The cutterhead group is composed of three cutterheads, left, middle and right, each cutterhead is a C-shaped cutter structure, the blades of the left and right cutterheads 72, 74 are located on one side, and are relatively staggered, and the blades of the middle cutterhead 73 It is arranged at intervals on both sides, and the three cutterhead blades are installed alternately to form a spiral arrangement. The surface straw is mixed to 15cm underground, and the mixing effect is good.

As shown in Figure 5, the ridge clearing device 4 is provided with two stubble clearing discs 43 with an included angle on the ridge clearing base 42, the stubble clearing discs 43 are located at the sides of the ridges, and the stubble clearing discs are 2 to 3 cm deep into the soil. , adjust according to the actual situation, and pick up the straw on the ridge platform into the ridge for centralized processing. The depth can be adjusted according to the agronomic requirements, and the depth adjustment is realized by moving up and down through the adjusting hole on the stubble clearing disc 43 connecting rod. Ridge clearing base 42 is connected on the frame front beam by U-shaped card 41.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a soil retaining mechanism is also provided between the mixing device 7 and the suppressing device 8 on the frame 9, and the soil retaining mechanism includes a soil retaining plate 11, a retaining plate control rod 12 and a spring 13 One end of the soil retaining plate 11 is hinged on the frame 9, and the other end is connected to the retaining plate control rod 12. The spring 13 is set on the retaining plate control rod 12, and the end protrudes from the mounting hole on the frame 9, and reciprocates along the mounting hole. . The soil retaining plate 11 is a sloping plate with an arc-shaped end.

As shown in Figure 2, a depth-limiting device 5 is also provided on one side of the working front frame 9, and the depth-limiting device 5 includes a depth-limiting wheel 51 and a mounting frame, and the depth-limiting wheel 51 passes through the mounting frame with an adjustment hole. Connected to frame 9.

As shown in Figure 6, the mounting bracket includes a depth-limiting rod 52, a depth-limiting base 53 and a U-bolt 54, one end of the depth-limiting rod 52 is connected with the depth-limiting wheel 51, and the other end is connected with the depth-limiting base 53, and the depth-limiting base 53 is U-shaped bolts 54 are connected, and are connected to the frame through U-shaped bolts 54 . The depth-limiting rod 52 is provided with a plurality of height-adjusting holes, which are connected with the depth-limiting base 53 to adjust the installation height of the depth-limiting wheel 51 .

As shown in Figure 1, the suppression device 8 cage-shaped rollers, that is, a plurality of bar-shaped rods are evenly arranged along the circumference between the two discs, and after the soil is suppressed by the cage-shaped rollers, a virtual and solid soil layer is formed to increase the air permeability of the soil sex. It is to compact the mixed land to prevent the straw in the picture from being blown away and reduce the evaporation of soil water. Its installation height can be 6-8cm higher than the furrow, and it can also be adjusted according to the actual returning amount.

The present invention is articulated with the tractor through the upper suspension 1 and the lower suspension 3, and the power of the tractor is transmitted to the implement with the universal joint transmission shaft 10. The power of the tractor is transmitted to the driving shaft of the transmission box through the power output shaft and the universal joint assembly, decelerated by the gearbox 6 and changed direction, and the power is transmitted to the power output shaft, and connected with the through shaft 71 of the mixing device 7 through the flat key shaft , and finally transmit the power to drive the shaft of the rotary tiller to rotate. The selection criteria for tractors are that the outer wheelbase is less than 150cm, and the engine power is above 50kW. Dimensions of the machine tool (length × width × height): 1692mm × 2250mm × 1346mm, supporting power is 35-70kW, working width is 150cm, subsoiling depth is 18-25cm, production efficiency is 7-10 mu/hour, knife Shaft turning radius R=300mm, cutter shaft speed The forward speed of the machine is v _m =2-6km/h=0.55-1.66m/s, and the speed ratio λ=Rω/v _m =17.12-5.67.

Based on the calculation of the soil cutting pitch of the traditional rotary tiller, the cutter shaft of the mixing returning machine should be rotated forward and the speed should be about 300 rpm. In the design, the output shaft speed of the tractor is taken as 540 rpm, and the reduction box adopts a pair of bevel gears to reduce the speed, and the transmission ratio is 54:31.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine, it is characterised in that：Including frame, gearbox, transmission device, The subsoiling device set gradually in frame by working front edge to rear end, clear ridge device, stirring device and suppression device are installed on, it is deep The deep soil loosing shovel of loose device and the cutter disc groups of stirring device are placed in furrow, and clear ridge device is placed in ridge side position, stirring device it is logical Axle connects the output shaft of gearbox by transmission device；

Multiple cutter disc groups that the stirring device includes axis and same intervals are set on axis, the quantity and subsoiling of cutter disc groups The quantity of device deep soil loosing shovel is identical；

The cutter disc groups are made up of the cutterhead of left, center, right three, and the blade of left and right cutterhead is located at side, and staggered relative is installed, in The blade of cutterhead point both sides are arranged at intervals, and three impeller vanes are staggered installation of respectively, form helical row.

2. the clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The subsoiling device Working front edge is additionally provided with grass-winding proof cutting disc.

3. the clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The clear ridge device It is that two clear stubble disks with angle are set on clear ridge base, clear stubble disk is located at ridge side position, and bury 2~3cm.

4. the clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Mixed in the frame Mix and earth-retaining mechanism is additionally provided between device and suppression device, the earth-retaining mechanism includes breast boards, baffle controls bar and spring, gear Native plate one end is hinged in frame, other end connection baffle controls bar, is set with spring on baffle controls bar, frame is stretched out in end On mounting hole, moved back and forth along mounting hole.

5. the clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The breast boards is Swash plate, end is camber.

6. the clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The suppression device For cage modle roller, i.e., multiple bar shaped bars are circumferentially uniformly arranged between two disks and are constituted, actual situation is formed after suppressing soil through cage modle roller Alternate soil plough horizon.

7. the clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In working front edge machine Frame side also sets up limited deep device, and the deep device of the limit includes gauge wheel and mounting bracket, and the gauge wheel passes through with regulation The mounting bracket in hole is connected in frame.

8. the clear ridge stalk of Striply deep loosening puddles combine according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The mounting bracket bag Include on the deep base of depth limiting pole, limit and U-bolt, depth limiting pole one end connection gauge wheel, the deep base of other end connection limit, the deep base of limit U-bolt is connected with, is connected to by U-bolt in frame；Multiple height adjusting holes are provided with the depth limiting pole, with the deep bottom of limit Seat is connected, and adjusts the setting height(from bottom) of gauge wheel.