CN105631124A - Ballastless track damage analysis method performing combined solution based on definite element expansion and fatigue analysis - Google Patents
Ballastless track damage analysis method performing combined solution based on definite element expansion and fatigue analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于扩展有限元与疲劳分析联合求解的无砟轨道病害分析方法，包括如下步骤：建立无砟轨道的有限元模型；对所述有限元模型施加所需载荷、边界条件，对所述有限元模型进行受力分析；在疲劳分析软件中导入受力分析结果，进行所述有限元模型的疲劳性能分析；基于扩展有限元方法在所述有限元模型中定义轨道结构材料的断裂力学参数，选择所述疲劳性能分析中寿命临界部位为破坏区域，计算病害的产生以及不断发展演变规律；在所述有限元模型上增加列车轮轨耦合模型，并将所述病害施加在轨道结构上，计算出轨道结构发生病害后列车的横向加速度、垂直加速度、脱轨系数和轮重减载率，分析评价所述病害对列车运行的影响。
The invention discloses a ballastless track disease analysis method based on joint solution of extended finite element and fatigue analysis, comprising the following steps: establishing a finite element model of the ballastless track; applying required loads and boundary conditions to the finite element model, and The finite element model is subjected to stress analysis; the stress analysis result is imported into the fatigue analysis software, and the fatigue performance analysis of the finite element model is carried out; the fracture of the track structure material is defined in the finite element model based on the extended finite element method Mechanical parameters, select the critical part of life in the fatigue performance analysis as the damage area, calculate the generation of the disease and the law of continuous development and evolution; add the train wheel-rail coupling model to the finite element model, and apply the disease to the track structure On the basis of calculation, the lateral acceleration, vertical acceleration, derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate of the train after the track structure is damaged are calculated, and the impact of the disease on the train operation is analyzed and evaluated.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种高速铁路无砟轨道的病害分析方法。更具体地，涉及一种基于扩展有限元与疲劳分析联合求解的无砟轨道病害分析方法。The invention relates to a disease analysis method for ballastless tracks of high-speed railways. More specifically, it relates to a ballastless track disease analysis method based on joint solution of extended finite element and fatigue analysis.
背景技术Background technique
从19世纪60年代开始，高速铁路无砟轨道结构在德国、日本、英国、意大利等国家得到发展并逐步广泛应用，经过40多年的发展，无砟轨道经历了数量上由少到多，技术上由浅到深，品种上由单一到多种，铺设范围上由桥隧到土质路基铺设的发展历程。目前高速铁路比较发达的国家大都采用无砟轨道作为主要的轨道结构型式。Since the 1860s, the ballastless track structure of high-speed railways has been developed and gradually widely used in Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, Italy and other countries. From shallow to deep, from single to multiple varieties, and from bridge and tunnel to soil roadbed in terms of laying scope. At present, most countries with relatively developed high-speed railways use ballastless track as the main track structure type.
随着运营，无砟轨道的各种伤损病害不断出现，病害的类型也呈多样化发展。无砟轨道的病害从其发展部位上来分主要有：无砟轨道钢轨病害、扣件病害、混凝土轨道板病害、CA砂浆病害、底座板病害、下部基础及温度变化导致的主体结构病害、附属结构病害等多种形式。其中，无砟轨道病害方面比较典型及常见的有轨道板开裂、层间离缝、轨道板上拱、底座板与支承层开裂劣化、两布一膜失效等。由此可见针对高速铁路无砟轨道形成成套的病害分析方法，进而指导后期的维护，不仅是迫切需求，而且有着巨大的应用空间。With the operation, various damages and diseases of ballastless track appear continuously, and the types of diseases also develop in diversification. The diseases of ballastless track are divided from the development part: ballastless track rail disease, fastener disease, concrete track plate disease, CA mortar disease, base plate disease, main structure disease and auxiliary structure caused by lower foundation and temperature changes Various forms of disease. Among them, ballastless track diseases are more typical and common, including track slab cracking, interlayer separation joints, track slab arching, base plate and supporting layer cracking and deterioration, failure of two cloths and one membrane, etc. It can be seen that it is not only an urgent need to form a complete set of disease analysis methods for ballastless tracks of high-speed railways, and then guide later maintenance, but also has a huge application space.
目前针对无砟轨道病害的分析方法主要是采用有限元方法进行受力分析，也出现了采用疲劳分析软件进行寿命预测，或者室内试验，但这些分析方法都有明显的局限性，如有限元难以分析轨道板发生裂纹、离缝、上拱等不连续问题，疲劳分析难以结合力学分析结果，而试验研究需要大量经费支持。At present, the analysis methods for ballastless track defects mainly use the finite element method for stress analysis, and fatigue analysis software is also used for life prediction, or indoor testing, but these analysis methods have obvious limitations, such as the finite element method is difficult To analyze discontinuity problems such as cracks, separation, and arching of track slabs, fatigue analysis is difficult to combine with mechanical analysis results, and experimental research requires a lot of financial support.
因此，需要提供一种新的无砟轨道病害分析方法。Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method for ballastless track disease analysis.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于扩展有限元与疲劳分析联合求解的无砟轨道病害分析方法，该方法实现了从无砟轨道病害的发生预测到病害的演变规律研究，再到对病害产生影响评价的成套理论分析技术。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a ballastless track disease analysis method based on the joint solution of extended finite element and fatigue analysis. A complete set of theoretical analysis techniques for disease impact assessment.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用下述技术方案：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于扩展有限元与疲劳分析联合求解的无砟轨道病害分析方法，包括如下步骤：A ballastless track disease analysis method based on joint solution of extended finite element and fatigue analysis, including the following steps:
根据高速铁路无砟轨道的几何尺寸和材料属性，建立无砟轨道的有限元模型；According to the geometric dimensions and material properties of the ballastless track of the high-speed railway, the finite element model of the ballastless track is established;
对所述有限元模型施加所需载荷、边界条件，创建所要分析对象的节点集合或单元集合，对所述有限元模型进行受力分析；Apply required loads and boundary conditions to the finite element model, create a node set or a unit set of the object to be analyzed, and perform force analysis on the finite element model;
在疲劳分析软件中导入受力分析结果，进行所述有限元模型的疲劳性能分析；Import the stress analysis results in the fatigue analysis software, and carry out the fatigue performance analysis of the finite element model;
基于扩展有限元方法在所述有限元模型中定义轨道结构材料的断裂力学参数，选择所述疲劳性能分析中寿命临界部位为破坏区域，计算病害的产生以及不断发展演变规律；Defining the fracture mechanics parameters of the track structure material in the finite element model based on the extended finite element method, selecting the life-critical part in the fatigue performance analysis as the damage area, and calculating the generation of the disease and the law of continuous development and evolution;
在所述有限元模型上增加列车轮轨耦合模型，并将所述病害施加在轨道结构上，计算出轨道结构发生病害后列车的横向加速度、垂直加速度、脱轨系数和轮重减载率，分析评价所述病害对列车运行的影响。Add the train wheel-rail coupling model on the finite element model, and apply the disease on the track structure, calculate the lateral acceleration, vertical acceleration, derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate of the train after the track structure is damaged, and analyze The impact of the disease on train operation was evaluated.
优选地，所述无砟轨道的有限元模型包括：钢轨、扣件、无砟轨道板、砂浆层、支承层和下部基础，所述钢轨采用60kg/m钢轨实体模型，所述扣件采用弹簧，所述无砟轨道板和支承层采用混凝土实体结构，所述砂浆层采用CA砂浆，所述下部基础采用路基或桥梁。Preferably, the finite element model of the ballastless track includes: rails, fasteners, ballastless track slabs, mortar layers, supporting layers and lower foundations, the rails use a 60kg/m rail solid model, and the fasteners use springs , the ballastless track slab and supporting layer adopt concrete solid structure, the mortar layer adopts CA mortar, and the lower foundation adopts roadbed or bridge.
优选地，所述无砟轨道的有限元模型的材料属性包括：密度、弹性模量、泊松比、阻尼、导热系数和比热容。Preferably, the material properties of the finite element model of the ballastless track include: density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, damping, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity.
优选地，对所述有限元模型施加的载荷包括列车动载荷和/或温度载荷。Preferably, the loads applied to the finite element model include train dynamic loads and/or temperature loads.
优选地，采用基于应力的GOODMAN理论对有限元模型进行疲劳性能分析，得出分析对象的疲劳寿命云图以及疲劳寿命次数，以及在该荷载作用下轨道结构的寿命最低点和破坏形式。Preferably, the stress-based GOODMAN theory is used to analyze the fatigue performance of the finite element model to obtain the fatigue life nephogram and fatigue life times of the analyzed object, as well as the minimum life point and failure form of the track structure under the load.
优选地，通过连续三维视图或视频的方式反映所述病害的发展演变过程。Preferably, the development and evolution process of the disease is reflected by means of continuous three-dimensional views or videos.
优选地，高速列车模型包括车体、转向架、轮对、一系悬挂和二系悬挂，将高速列车模型与所述无砟轨道的模型进行耦合。Preferably, the high-speed train model includes a car body, a bogie, a wheel set, a primary suspension and a secondary suspension, and the high-speed train model is coupled with the model of the ballastless track.
优选地，所述高速列车列车模型与所述有限元模型的钢轨之间采用赫兹接触。Preferably, Hertzian contact is used between the train model of the high-speed train and the rail of the finite element model.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
本发明提供一种适用于无砟轨道离缝、开裂等病害的成套理论分析方法，该方法能够预测无砟轨道病害发生的时机，并对病害后续的发展演变规律进行分析，对病害的发展过程能够三维可视化，同时基于轮轨耦合评价病害对行车的影响。该成套理论方法能够用以指导高速铁路无砟轨道的养护维修方案制定。The invention provides a complete set of theoretical analysis method applicable to ballastless track separation, cracking and other diseases. It can be visualized in three dimensions, and at the same time evaluate the impact of diseases on driving based on the wheel-rail coupling. This set of theoretical methods can be used to guide the formulation of maintenance and repair programs for ballastless tracks of high-speed railways.
疲劳分析的案例虽然已经存在，使用该方法的研究人员仅将该方法用于普通结构的寿命分析，存在较大的局限性；扩展有限元方法的研究人员仅将其用于不连续问题的求解；二者互相分离。无砟轨道病害是一个长期列车动荷载和外部环境作用累计形成的，形成后在荷载作用下还会不断发展变化；研究无砟轨道病害时，既需要分析前期的形成过程，用以预防病害；又需要掌握其后续发展规律用以指导养护维修，因此本发明打破传统的单一学科思想，采用多学科交叉互补的优势，发明人在研究中发现将疲劳分析方法和扩展有限元方法结合起来，作为一种无砟轨道病害成套分析技术具有独特的优势。Although the cases of fatigue analysis already exist, the researchers who use this method only use it for the life analysis of ordinary structures, which has great limitations; the researchers who use the extended finite element method only use it for the solution of discontinuous problems ; the two are separated from each other. The ballastless track disease is formed by the accumulation of long-term train dynamic load and external environment, and will continue to develop and change under the load after the formation; when studying the ballastless track disease, it is necessary to analyze the formation process in the early stage to prevent the disease; It is also necessary to master its follow-up development law to guide maintenance and repair. Therefore, this invention breaks the traditional single-subject thinking and adopts the advantages of multi-disciplinary cross-complement. The inventor found in the research that the fatigue analysis method and the extended finite element method are combined. A set of ballastless track disease analysis technology has unique advantages.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1示出本发明的流程图。Figure 1 shows a flow chart of the present invention.
图2示出本发明中有限元模型的结构示意图。Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the finite element model in the present invention.
图3示出本发明中有限元模型的横截面结构示意图。Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the finite element model in the present invention.
图4示出本发明中有限元模型受力分析的边界条件示意图。Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the boundary conditions of the force analysis of the finite element model in the present invention.
图5示出本发明中有限元模型中轨道结构施加温度载荷示意图。Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the temperature load applied to the track structure in the finite element model of the present invention.
图6示出本发明中升温时无砟轨道应力云图。Fig. 6 shows the stress nephogram of the ballastless track when the temperature rises in the present invention.
图7示出本发明中降温时无砟轨道应力云图。Fig. 7 shows the stress nephogram of the ballastless track during cooling in the present invention.
图8示出本发明中应力应变结果文件导入疲劳分析软件截图。Fig. 8 shows a screenshot of the stress-strain result file imported into the fatigue analysis software in the present invention.
图9示出本发明中砂浆层疲劳性能参数截图。Fig. 9 shows a screenshot of the fatigue performance parameters of the mortar layer in the present invention.
图10示出本发明中试验测得S-N曲线。Fig. 10 shows the S-N curve measured in the experiment in the present invention.
图11示出本发明中砂浆层疲劳分析结果。Fig. 11 shows the fatigue analysis results of the mortar layer in the present invention.
图12示出本发明中初始离缝区示意图。Fig. 12 shows a schematic diagram of the initial slit area in the present invention.
图13示出本发明中离缝开始发展示意图。Fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of the development of the separation seam in the present invention.
图14示出本发明中离缝发展过程示意图。Fig. 14 shows a schematic diagram of the development process of the separation in the present invention.
图15示出本发明中离缝发展过程示意图。Fig. 15 shows a schematic diagram of the development process of the slit in the present invention.
图16示出本发明中列车轨道结构耦合模型示意图。Fig. 16 shows a schematic diagram of a train track structure coupling model in the present invention.
图17示出本发明中车体垂直加速度对比图。Fig. 17 shows a comparison chart of vehicle body vertical acceleration in the present invention.
图18示出本发明中脱轨系数对比图。Fig. 18 shows a comparison chart of derailment coefficients in the present invention.
图19示出本发明中轮重减载率对比图。Fig. 19 shows a comparison chart of wheel weight unloading rate in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了更清楚地说明本发明，下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。本领域技术人员应当理解，下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的，不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。In order to illustrate the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content specifically described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1本方法流程图所示，一种基于扩展有限元与疲劳分析联合求解的无砟轨道病害分析方法包括如下步骤：As shown in the flow chart of this method in Figure 1, a ballastless track defect analysis method based on the joint solution of extended finite element and fatigue analysis includes the following steps:
1)无砟轨道整体模型的建立，建立如图2和图3所示的无砟轨道整体结构的有限元模型，由上到下包括钢轨1、扣件2、无砟轨道板3、砂浆层4、底座板5、下部路基6。1) Establishment of the overall model of the ballastless track, establish the finite element model of the overall structure of the ballastless track as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, including rail 1, fastener 2, ballastless track slab 3, and mortar layer from top to bottom 4. Base plate 5, lower subgrade 6.
各部件的材料属性如下表所示：The material properties of each part are shown in the table below:
2)如图4所示，定义受力分析的边界条件，钢轨1、轨道板2、砂浆层3、支承层4、路基5的两端均进行旋转自由度和位移自由度的约束，其中路基5底部完全固定。2) As shown in Figure 4, define the boundary conditions of the force analysis, the two ends of the rail 1, the track slab 2, the mortar layer 3, the support layer 4, and the subgrade 5 are constrained by the degrees of freedom of rotation and displacement, where the subgrade 5 The bottom is fully fixed.
3)本实施列中对有限元模型中的轨道结构施加温度荷载，如图5所示为赋予了温度场属性的轨道结构。定义初始温度为20℃，升温到55℃，再降温温到20℃，进行一个循环的受力分析。3) In this embodiment, a temperature load is applied to the track structure in the finite element model, as shown in Figure 5, which is the track structure endowed with temperature field attributes. Define the initial temperature as 20°C, raise the temperature to 55°C, then cool down to 20°C, and perform a cycle of force analysis.
4)计算得到一个温度循环荷载作用下，无砟轨道结构的应力变化如图6、图7所示，并生成用以导入疲劳分析软件的结果文件。4) Calculate the stress change of the ballastless track structure under a temperature cycle load, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, and generate a result file for importing into the fatigue analysis software.
5)如图8所示，将无砟轨道在温度荷载作用下的应力应变计算结果文件导入疲劳分析软件。5) As shown in Figure 8, import the stress-strain calculation result file of the ballastless track under the temperature load into the fatigue analysis software.
6)在疲劳分析软件中定义砂浆层的疲劳性能参数即S-N曲线，如图9所示；其中S-N曲线参考已有试验结果，如图10所示。并定义荷载谱，并输入无砟轨道结构各个部件的其他疲劳性能参数(弹性模量、泊松比、极限抗拉强度、表面粗糙程度等)。采用基于应力的GOODMAN理论进行轨道结构的疲劳性能分析。6) Define the fatigue performance parameters of the mortar layer, namely the S-N curve, in the fatigue analysis software, as shown in Figure 9; the S-N curve refers to the existing test results, as shown in Figure 10. And define the load spectrum, and input other fatigue performance parameters (elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, ultimate tensile strength, surface roughness, etc.) of each component of the ballastless track structure. The stress-based GOODMAN theory is used to analyze the fatigue performance of track structures.
7)进行疲劳分析，所得疲劳分析结果如图11所示。可见整体升降温度循环荷载作用下无砟轨道结构边缘部分(红色视图区)砂浆层底座板粘结部分寿命较低将会发生破坏，实际过程中该部位砂浆层破坏的具体表现为砂浆层产生脱粘，与底座板或轨道板发生离缝或者向上拱起。7) Fatigue analysis is carried out, and the obtained fatigue analysis results are shown in FIG. 11 . It can be seen that under the cyclic load of the overall temperature rise and fall, the edge part of the ballastless track structure (red view area) will be damaged due to the low service life of the bonded part of the mortar layer base plate. Sticky, separated from the base plate or track plate or arched upward.
8)基于扩展有限元方法将无砟轨道砂浆层与轨道板均设定为可发生破坏部件；由上述疲劳分析可得出砂浆层边缘约5cm范围寿命相对较低，为得到该部位出现初始离缝后其后续发展过程，在砂浆层边缘预设一宽度为5cm、长度为1m的初始离缝；施加荷载，计算荷载作用下该初始离缝逐渐扩大发展情况。其结果以三维视图的方式显示出离缝的发展演变过程，发展演变过程如图12—图15所示。8) Based on the extended finite element method, both the ballastless track mortar layer and the track slab are set as destructible parts; from the above fatigue analysis, it can be concluded that the life span of the edge of the mortar layer at about 5 cm is relatively low. For the subsequent development process after jointing, an initial separation joint with a width of 5cm and a length of 1m is preset at the edge of the mortar layer; load is applied, and the initial separation joint is gradually expanded and developed under the load. The results show the development and evolution process of the separation gap in a three-dimensional view, and the development and evolution process is shown in Figure 12-Figure 15.
9)在有限元整体模型中增加列车-轨道结构耦合模块，如图16所示。并对轨道结构施加离缝后轨道结构出现上拱的影响，计算列车以300Km/h通过离缝区域上部轨道时列车的加速度、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等，与未施加离缝影响情况下列车的加速度、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等进行对比分析。本例以离缝上拱2mm与无离缝时进行对比分析。9) Add a train-track structure coupling module to the overall finite element model, as shown in Figure 16. And the impact of the track structure on the track structure after the gap is applied, the acceleration of the train when the train passes the upper track of the gap area at 300Km/h, the derailment coefficient, the wheel load reduction rate, etc. The acceleration, derailment coefficient, and wheel load reduction rate of the train are compared and analyzed. In this example, a comparative analysis is carried out with a gap of 2 mm and no gap.
如图17所示，由有无离缝时列车加速度对比曲线可以发现，无砟轨道出现离缝上拱病害后车体垂向加速度增加，列车运行舒适性受轻微影响。As shown in Figure 17, from the comparison curves of train acceleration with or without gaps, it can be found that the vertical acceleration of the car body increases after the problem of gap-up arching occurs on the ballastless track, and the running comfort of the train is slightly affected.
如图18所示，由列车脱轨系数对比时程曲线可以发现，出现2mm离缝上供量时，对列车的脱轨系数没有明显影响。As shown in Figure 18, it can be found from the comparison of the train derailment coefficient with the time history curve that when there is a 2mm separation gap, there is no significant impact on the train derailment coefficient.
如图19所示，由轮重减载率对比对比时程曲线可以发现，出现2mm离缝上供量时，对列车的轮重减载率没有明显影响。As shown in Figure 19, it can be found from the comparison of the wheel load unloading rate and the time history curve that when there is a 2mm gap gap increase, there is no significant impact on the wheel load unloading rate of the train.
综合上述影响分析可得：高速铁路无砟轨道出现较轻微的离缝病害后，对列车运行的舒适性有一定的影响，暂不影响列车运行的安全性。因此无砟轨道一旦出现离缝病害应及时进行修补，采取补救措施，对于保障列车运行品质至关重要。Based on the analysis of the above impacts, it can be concluded that after the occurrence of relatively slight separation defects on the ballastless track of high-speed railways, it will have a certain impact on the comfort of train operation, but will not affect the safety of train operation for the time being. Therefore, once the ballastless track has a gap defect, it should be repaired in time and remedial measures should be taken to ensure the quality of train operation.
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description, they can also make It is not possible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here, and all obvious changes or changes derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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