CN105628654A - Icing photoelectric sensor and icing measuring device - Google Patents
Icing photoelectric sensor and icing measuring device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种结冰光电传感器以及结冰测量装置，结冰光电传感器包括：用于发射红外线的所述红外发射管；用于将所述红外线从所述红外发射管传输至冰层的所述发射导管；至少一个用于接收经过所述冰层反射的反射线的所述光电接收管；用于将所述反射线传输至所述光电接收管的所述接收导管；其中，所述光电接收管与所述红外发射管之间具有预设距离，所述接收导管与所述发射导管均相对所述壳体的冰层倾斜，且二者之间具有预设角度。本发明提供一种结冰光电传感器，在保证较小的体积的情况下明显增大了覆冰厚度的测量范围。
The application discloses an icing photoelectric sensor and an icing measurement device. The icing photoelectric sensor includes: the infrared emitting tube for emitting infrared rays; the infrared emitting tube for transmitting the infrared rays from the infrared emitting tube to the ice layer The transmitting conduit; at least one photoelectric receiving tube for receiving reflected light reflected by the ice layer; the receiving conduit for transmitting the reflected light to the photoelectric receiving tube; wherein, the There is a preset distance between the photoelectric receiving tube and the infrared emitting tube, and both the receiving conduit and the emitting conduit are inclined relative to the ice layer of the casing, and there is a preset angle between them. The invention provides an icing photoelectric sensor, which obviously increases the measuring range of the ice thickness while ensuring a small volume.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光电传感器技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种结冰光电传感器以及结冰测量装置。The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric sensors, in particular to an icing photoelectric sensor and an icing measuring device.
背景技术Background technique
我国是世界上输电线路覆冰严重的国家之一，由于线路覆冰引发的事故发生概率居全世界前列，给国家和人民造成了巨大的经济损失。结冰监测技术是应用各种类型传感器通过感知物体表面结冰后产生的物理、力学及光学等性质的变化实现结冰的判定。目前输电线路结冰探测采用结冰传感器来监测输电线路覆冰，但能够测量的输电线路覆冰厚度范围较小，通常最大只能测量2mm左右，而通常在边疆地区等条件恶劣的地区，输电线路覆冰厚度大，现有的结冰传感器并不能满足需求。现有技术中的结冰传感器的结构通常为红外发射管的外侧面层层设置光电接收管，通常导致对结冰传感器的端面的覆冰厚度的测量范围较小，如果增大测量范围即光电接收管与红外发射管之间的距离增大，又会导致结冰传感器体积增大。my country is one of the countries with serious icing on transmission lines in the world. The probability of accidents caused by icing on lines ranks among the top in the world, causing huge economic losses to the country and the people. Icing monitoring technology is to use various types of sensors to realize the judgment of icing by sensing the changes of physical, mechanical and optical properties after the surface of the object freezes. At present, icing sensors are used to detect the icing of transmission lines to monitor the icing of transmission lines, but the range of icing thickness of transmission lines that can be measured is relatively small, usually the maximum can only be measured at about 2mm, and usually in areas with harsh conditions such as border areas, transmission lines The thickness of icing on the line is large, and the existing icing sensors cannot meet the demand. The structure of the icing sensor in the prior art is usually that the outer surface of the infrared emitting tube is provided with photoelectric receiving tubes layer by layer, which usually leads to a small measurement range of the ice thickness on the end face of the icing sensor. If the measurement range is increased, the photoelectric The increase of the distance between the receiving tube and the infrared emitting tube will cause the volume of the icing sensor to increase.
因此，如何在保证较小的体积的情况下增大结冰光电传感器覆冰厚度的测量范围是本领域技术人员急需要解决的问题。Therefore, how to increase the measurement range of the ice thickness of the icing photoelectric sensor while ensuring a small volume is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种结冰光电传感器，在保证较小的体积的情况下明显增大了覆冰厚度的测量范围。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an icing photoelectric sensor, which significantly increases the measurement range of ice thickness while ensuring a small volume.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种结冰光电传感器，包括：An icing photoelectric sensor, comprising:
用于发射红外线的所述红外发射管；The infrared emitting tube for emitting infrared rays;
用于将所述红外线从所述红外发射管传输至冰层的所述发射导管；the emission conduit for transmitting the infrared rays from the infrared emission tube to the ice layer;
至少一个用于接收经过所述冰层反射的反射线的所述光电接收管；at least one photoelectric receiving tube for receiving reflected rays reflected by the ice layer;
用于将所述反射线传输至所述光电接收管的所述接收导管；the receiving conduit for transmitting the reflected light to the photoelectric receiving tube;
其中，所述光电接收管与所述红外发射管之间具有预设距离，所述接收导管与所述发射导管均相对所述壳体的冰层倾斜，且二者之间具有预设角度。Wherein, there is a preset distance between the photoelectric receiving tube and the infrared emitting tube, and both the receiving conduit and the emitting conduit are inclined relative to the ice layer of the casing, and there is a preset angle between them.
优选的，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述光电接收管与所述红外发射管设置于与所述冰层相对的同一平面内。Preferably, in the above-mentioned icing photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric receiving tube and the infrared emitting tube are arranged in the same plane opposite to the ice layer.
优选的，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述接收导管与所述发射导管之间的预设角度为90°。Preferably, in the above-mentioned icing photoelectric sensor, the preset angle between the receiving conduit and the emitting conduit is 90°.
优选的，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述光电接收管包括：Preferably, in the above icing photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric receiving tube includes:
第一光电接收管，其与所述红外发射管具有第一预设距离；a first photoelectric receiving tube, which has a first preset distance from the infrared emitting tube;
第二光电接收管，其与所述红外发射管具有第二预设距离；a second photoelectric receiving tube having a second preset distance from the infrared emitting tube;
其中，所述第一预设距离小于所述第二预设距离。Wherein, the first preset distance is smaller than the second preset distance.
优选的，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述发射导管以及所述接收导管均为光纤。Preferably, in the above-mentioned icing photoelectric sensor, both the transmitting conduit and the receiving conduit are optical fibers.
优选的，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述发射导管以及所述接收导管均为玻璃管。Preferably, in the above icing photoelectric sensor, both the transmitting conduit and the receiving conduit are glass tubes.
本发明还提供一种结冰测量装置，包括模拟输电线路，还包括上述任一项所述的与所述模拟输电线路连接的结冰光电传感器。The present invention also provides an icing measurement device, which includes a simulated power transmission line and the icing photoelectric sensor connected to the simulated power transmission line according to any one of the above.
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明所提供的一种结冰光电传感器，包括：用于发射红外线的所述红外发射管；用于将所述红外线从所述红外发射管传输至冰层的所述发射导管；至少一个用于接收经过所述冰层反射的反射线的所述光电接收管；用于将所述反射线传输至所述光电接收管的所述接收导管；其中，所述光电接收管与所述红外发射管之间具有预设距离，所述接收导管与所述发射导管均相对所述壳体的冰层倾斜，且二者之间具有预设角度。由于所述光电接收管与所述红外发射管之间具有预设距离，二者之间的距离可调整，因此，从红外发射管发出的红外线经过倾斜的发射导管入射至冰层，经过冰层反射至距离红外发射管预设距离的光电接收管，不同厚度的冰层红外光线经过冰层的反射后反射至与红外发射管不同距离的地点，在不同距离的地点设置光电接收管，从而能够改变传感器的量程，可以实现大量程的结冰探测。It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the icing photoelectric sensor provided by the present invention includes: the infrared emitting tube for emitting infrared rays; The transmitting conduit; at least one photoelectric receiving tube for receiving reflected light reflected by the ice layer; the receiving conduit for transmitting the reflected light to the photoelectric receiving tube; wherein, the There is a preset distance between the photoelectric receiving tube and the infrared emitting tube, and both the receiving conduit and the emitting conduit are inclined relative to the ice layer of the casing, and there is a preset angle between them. Since there is a preset distance between the photoelectric receiving tube and the infrared emitting tube, the distance between the two can be adjusted. Therefore, the infrared rays emitted from the infrared emitting tube are incident on the ice layer through the inclined emitting tube, and pass through the ice layer. Reflected to the photoelectric receiving tube at a preset distance from the infrared transmitting tube, the infrared rays of ice layers of different thicknesses are reflected to places at different distances from the infrared transmitting tube after being reflected by the ice layer, and the photoelectric receiving tubes are set at different distances, so as to be able to By changing the range of the sensor, a large range of icing detection can be realized.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种结冰光电传感器示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an icing photoelectric sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的另一种结冰光电传感器示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another icing photoelectric sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1，图1为本发明实施例提供的一种结冰光电传感器示意图。Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an icing photoelectric sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
在一种具体实施方式中，提供了一种结冰光电传感器，包括：用于发射红外线的所述红外发射管101；用于将所述红外线从所述红外发射管101传输至冰层105的所述发射导管102；至少一个用于接收经过所述冰层105反射的反射线的所述光电接收管104；用于将所述反射线传输至所述光电接收管104的所述接收导管103；其中，所述接收导管103与所述发射导管102均相对所述壳体的冰层105倾斜，且二者之间具有预设角度。结冰光电传感器工作原理为：当冰光电传感器表层没有冰层105覆盖时，红外光由红外发射管101产生，经过发射导光管直接射出，光电接收管104接收不到任何结冰信息。而当有冰层105覆盖时，部分红外光被冰层105反射，随着冰厚的增加，不同位置的反射光会逐渐增大，根据多个光电接收管104接收到的反射光的不同来计算覆冰厚度。调整发射导光管和最近的接收导光管之间的预设距离范围，就能实现不同最小结冰厚度的检测，调整接收导光管与最远的发射导光管的预设距离范围，就可实现不同最大结冰厚度的检测，实现了一个很大范围的结冰量程的检测。In a specific embodiment, a photoelectric sensor for icing is provided, including: the infrared emitting tube 101 for emitting infrared rays; The transmitting conduit 102; at least one photoelectric receiving tube 104 for receiving reflected rays reflected by the ice layer 105; the receiving conduit 103 for transmitting the reflected rays to the photoelectric receiving tube 104 ; Wherein, the receiving duct 103 and the launching duct 102 are both inclined relative to the ice layer 105 of the shell, and there is a preset angle between them. The working principle of the icing photoelectric sensor is: when the surface of the ice photoelectric sensor is not covered by the ice layer 105, the infrared light is generated by the infrared emitting tube 101, and is directly emitted through the emitting light guide tube, and the photoelectric receiving tube 104 cannot receive any icing information. And when there is ice layer 105 to cover, part infrared light is reflected by ice layer 105, along with the increase of ice thickness, the reflected light of different positions can increase gradually, according to the difference of the reflected light that a plurality of photoelectric receiving tubes 104 receive Calculate the ice thickness. By adjusting the preset distance range between the emitting light pipe and the nearest receiving light pipe, the detection of different minimum icing thicknesses can be realized, and by adjusting the preset distance range between the receiving light pipe and the farthest emitting light pipe, The detection of different maximum icing thicknesses can be realized, and the detection of a wide range of icing ranges can be realized.
由于所述光电接收管104与所述红外发射管101之间具有预设距离，二者之间的距离可调整，因此，从红外发射管101发出的红外线经过发射导管102入射至冰层105，经过冰层105反射至距离红外发射管101预设距离的光电接收管104，不同厚度的冰层105红外光线经过冰层105的反射后反射至与红外发射管101不同距离的地点，在不同距离的地点设置光电接收管104，从而能够改变传感器的量程，可以实现大量程的结冰探测。Since there is a preset distance between the photoelectric receiving tube 104 and the infrared emitting tube 101, the distance between the two can be adjusted. Therefore, the infrared rays emitted from the infrared emitting tube 101 are incident on the ice layer 105 through the transmitting tube 102, Reflected by the ice layer 105 to the photoelectric receiving tube 104 at a preset distance from the infrared emitting tube 101, the infrared rays of the ice layer 105 with different thicknesses are reflected to places at different distances from the infrared emitting tube 101 after being reflected by the ice layer 105, at different distances The photoelectric receiving tube 104 is arranged at the location, so that the range of the sensor can be changed, and a large range of icing detection can be realized.
进一步，为了减小结冰光电传感器的体积，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述光电接收管104与所述红外发射管101设置于与所述冰层105相对的同一平面内。Further, in order to reduce the volume of the icing photoelectric sensor, in the above icing photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric receiving tube 104 and the infrared emitting tube 101 are arranged in the same plane opposite to the ice layer 105 .
进一步，为了提高测量的准确性，所述接收导管103与所述发射导管102之间的预设角度优选为90°。需要指出的是，发射导光管和接收导光管各自有一定的斜度角，原因是如果发射导光管设置为与冰层105夹角为90，发射的红外线经过冰层105反射后大部分又进入到发射导光管中，导致量程很小或无法测量，因此发射导光管和接收导光管相对冰层105各自有一定的斜度角，斜度角可为30度或45度或60度，此斜度角可在10度到90度的角度区间内变动。Further, in order to improve measurement accuracy, the preset angle between the receiving conduit 103 and the transmitting conduit 102 is preferably 90°. It should be pointed out that the emitting light pipe and the receiving light pipe have a certain inclination angle respectively. The reason is that if the emitting light pipe is set at an angle of 9° with the ice layer 105, the emitted infrared rays will be greatly reflected by the ice layer 105. Part of it enters into the emitting light pipe again, resulting in a small range or no measurement, so the emitting light pipe and the receiving light pipe have a certain slope angle relative to the ice layer 105, and the slope angle can be 30 degrees or 45 degrees Or 60 degrees, the inclination angle can change within the angle interval of 10 degrees to 90 degrees.
进一步的，如图1所示，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述光电接收管104包括：第一光电接收管104，其与所述红外发射管101具有第一预设距离；第二光电接收管104，其与所述红外发射管101具有第二预设距离；其中，所述第一预设距离小于所述第二预设距离。Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in the above-mentioned icing photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric receiving tube 104 includes: a first photoelectric receiving tube 104, which has a first preset distance from the infrared emitting tube 101; The receiving tube 104 has a second preset distance from the infrared emitting tube 101; wherein, the first preset distance is smaller than the second preset distance.
具体的，光电式结冰传感器包括一个红外发射管101、两个光电接收管104，分别为第一光电接收管104，第二光电接收管104，与第一光电接收管104连接的为第一接收导光管，第一接收导光管另一端与冰层105连接，与第二光电接收管104连接的为第二接收导光管，第二接收导光管另一端与冰层105连接，第一接收导光管与第二接收导光管平行，均与发射到光管成一预设角度。两个光电接收管104依次排开，第一光电接收管104与第二号光电接收管104均接收从冰层105反射回的红外光，获取结冰信息，计算冰层105厚度。随着冰层105从无到有，从薄变厚的变化过程，第一光电接收管104的信号先逐渐增强再衰弱或趋于不变，第二光电接收管104的信号在一定厚度的冰层105范围内一直增强，根据这第一光电接收管104以及第二光电接收管104接收的信号，即可判断结冰传感器表层是否结冰以及结冰厚度。Specifically, the photoelectric icing sensor includes an infrared emitting tube 101 and two photoelectric receiving tubes 104, which are the first photoelectric receiving tube 104 and the second photoelectric receiving tube 104, and the first photoelectric receiving tube 104 is connected to the first photoelectric receiving tube 104. Receive the light guide tube, the other end of the first receiving light guide tube is connected to the ice layer 105, the second receiving light guide tube connected to the second photoelectric receiving tube 104, the other end of the second receiving light guide tube is connected to the ice layer 105, The first receiving light pipe is parallel to the second receiving light pipe, and both form a preset angle with the emitting light pipe. The two photoelectric receiving tubes 104 are arranged sequentially. Both the first photoelectric receiving tube 104 and the second photoelectric receiving tube 104 receive the infrared light reflected from the ice layer 105 to obtain icing information and calculate the thickness of the ice layer 105 . As the ice layer 105 grows from scratch and changes from thin to thick, the signal of the first photoelectric receiving tube 104 first gradually increases and then weakens or tends to remain unchanged. The layer 105 is always enhanced, and according to the signals received by the first photoelectric receiving tube 104 and the second photoelectric receiving tube 104, it is possible to judge whether the surface layer of the ice sensor is icy and the thickness of the icing.
需要指出的是，光电接收管104的数量包括但不限于两个，当光电接收管104为三个时，第三光电接收管104与红外发射管101之间的距离大于第二预设距离，接收的信号主要用于与前两路进行差分，去除环境光等因素的干扰。其它的均和上述情况一致，在此并不赘述。It should be pointed out that the number of photoelectric receiving tubes 104 includes but not limited to two, when there are three photoelectric receiving tubes 104, the distance between the third photoelectric receiving tube 104 and the infrared emitting tube 101 is greater than the second preset distance, The received signal is mainly used for differential with the first two channels to remove interference from factors such as ambient light. Others are consistent with the above situation and will not be repeated here.
需要指出的是，光电接收管104的数量包括但不限于两个，光电接收管104的数量越多，测量越精确。It should be noted that the number of photoreceiving tubes 104 includes but is not limited to two, and the more the number of photoreceiving tubes 104 is, the more accurate the measurement is.
进一步的，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述发射导管102以及所述接收导管103均为光纤。Further, in the above ice photoelectric sensor, both the transmitting conduit 102 and the receiving conduit 103 are optical fibers.
进一步的，在上述结冰光电传感器中，所述发射导管102以及所述接收导管103均为玻璃管。Further, in the above-mentioned icing photoelectric sensor, the transmitting conduit 102 and the receiving conduit 103 are both glass tubes.
需要指出的是，所述发射导管102以及所述接收导管103包括但不限于光纤、玻璃管，还可以为可以传输红外线的金属导管等，只要保证能够传输红外线，均在保护范围之内。It should be pointed out that the transmitting conduit 102 and the receiving conduit 103 include but are not limited to optical fibers, glass tubes, and metal conduits that can transmit infrared rays, etc., as long as they can transmit infrared rays, they are all within the scope of protection.
本发明还提供一种结冰测量装置，包括模拟输电线路，还包括上述任一项所述的与所述模拟输电线路连接的结冰光电传感器。由于现场待测量的输电线路不方便与结冰光电传感器直接连接，因此，在一段与待测量的输电线路相同或相似的模拟输电线路上连接结冰光电传感器，其测量结果与直接测量待测量的输电线路的相同。The present invention also provides an icing measurement device, which includes a simulated power transmission line and the icing photoelectric sensor connected to the simulated power transmission line according to any one of the above. Since the transmission line to be measured on site is inconvenient to be directly connected to the icing photoelectric sensor, the icing photoelectric sensor is connected to an analog transmission line that is the same as or similar to the transmission line to be measured, and the measurement result is the same as that of the direct measurement of the icing photoelectric sensor. The same as the transmission line.
本发明提供的结冰光电传感器安装于模拟输电线路，结构轻巧简单，抗干扰性好，量程大，能够识别冰型，通过调整发射导光管和接收导光管之间的距离可改变量程，可以实现大量程的结冰探测。The icing photoelectric sensor provided by the present invention is installed on the analog transmission line, has light and simple structure, good anti-interference performance, large measuring range, and can identify ice type, and the measuring range can be changed by adjusting the distance between the emitting light guide tube and the receiving light guide tube, A large range of icing detection can be realized.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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