CN105627320B - Double boiler electricity generation system based on stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator with less heat conversion efficiency loss and higher heat recovery efficiency and a double-boiler power generation system. Including gasification incinerator, boiler system, circulating air supply system, power generation system, gasification incinerator includes gasification furnace and ember furnace that can be sealed or connected; boiler system includes boiler body a, b, boiler body a has cyclone combustion Chamber, furnace chamber a, b, boiler body b has furnace chamber d, cyclone dust removal chamber, cyclone combustion chamber, cyclone dust removal chamber are equipped with water-cooled walls, furnace chamber a is equipped with superheater, furnace chamber b is equipped with evaporator, furnace chamber d There are superheaters and evaporators inside, steam drums are installed on the top of the two boiler bodies, the flue gas inlet of the cyclone combustion chamber is connected to the flue gas outlet of the gasifier, and the flue gas inlet of the cyclone dust removal chamber is connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner; the power generation system includes steam input pipe, steam turbine, generator, and the steam input pipe connects the superheaters a, b and the steam turbine.

Description

Double boiler power generation system based on mechanical grate waste gasification incinerator

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste incineration treatment, in particular to a double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator.

Background technique

The existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among the conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration has the advantages of obvious reduction effect, complete harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which meets the strategic requirements of my country's sustainable development. However, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements at home and abroad, how to strengthen the control of secondary pollution is particularly important. Therefore, waste pyrolysis and gasification incineration technology is gradually pushed to the road of industrial application, especially for domestic waste, various incineration technologies are mainly used now, and the extensive industrialization of gasification and incineration technology will bring the technology of domestic waste treatment industry Innovation.

Over the years, my country has made a lot of progress in the scientific research on gasification and incineration technology of biomass and garbage. There are many basic researches in the laboratory, and there are also applied researches, such as: rotary kiln type, vertical type and fluidized bed type retort gasification Or gasification high-temperature melting technology, etc. However, there are still certain limitations in the popularization and application of the technology. The main factors are the types of raw materials, the amount of garbage disposal, secondary pollution control and economic benefits.

Among the existing incineration processes and equipment, the grate type incinerator has various forms, and its application accounts for more than 80% of the total waste incineration market in the world. Among them, mechanical reverse push grate and forward push grate are used in the furnace body Or combined grate, there are also chain plate type and drum type grate. In boiler equipment, there are many methods and methods of boiler recovery of heat, and the technology is mature; there are also many types of heat sources, such as: solar energy, smelting furnace waste heat, coal-fired furnace, fluidized bed, fixed bed, rotary kiln and other heat sources, using boilers to recover heat, For power generation, heating, heating, etc.

To sum up, the typical gasification incineration and boiler equipment technologies are mature, and each has its own advantages, but the problems and deficiencies that need to be solved in the actual application in our country are as follows:

1. For the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic waste in my country, the technical use of mobile hearth needs to focus on the transportation capacity of waste. At the same time, the content of fly ash in the flue gas after incineration is high, the boiler ash is heavy, and the maintenance cycle of ash cleaning is short.

2. With the continuous increase of garbage generation, garbage piles up like a mountain, and the garbage disposal volume must be effectively increased in order to meet the market demand.

3. In the face of strict pollutant discharge requirements, secondary pollution control is the core issue that needs to be solved technically.

4. In order to effectively improve economic benefits, the heat recovery efficiency needs to be improved during the thermal treatment of waste. Existing waste heat treatment technologies usually use boilers to recover the heat of high-temperature flue gas after waste incineration, generate steam and push it to steam turbines for power generation. The entire conversion heat efficiency loss is relatively large, and the same amount of waste can be treated, relatively reducing heat loss and improving heat exchange efficiency. Improve thermal efficiency.

Existing gasification incinerators, such as the following two invention patents: Multi-column segmented drive compound domestic waste incinerator (ZL200710092508.9) and two-stage waste incinerator (ZL201010268376.2) Unsolved problems: heat treatment of waste The mode is relatively backward, just drying-burning-burning, the process of solid combustion releasing heat; the thermochemical reaction in the furnace is dominated by oxidation reaction, supplemented by reduction reaction, which is easy to produce secondary pollutants; when garbage is burned in the furnace, the peroxygen coefficient Large, large amount of primary air and secondary air supply, high dust content in flue gas, great impact on heat energy recovery system and flue gas treatment system, easy to accumulate dust, large amount of flue gas, reducing heat conversion efficiency; Without a separate gasifier and ember furnace, the garbage can only be processed in batches, and large-scale continuous gasification and incineration of garbage cannot be realized, and the amount of garbage processed is small.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a double boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator. It has stronger garbage conveying capacity, larger garbage disposal capacity, can reduce heat loss and improve heat exchange efficiency, has higher heat recovery efficiency, and can effectively reduce pollutant emissions.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

A double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate garbage gasification incinerator, including a gasification incinerator, a boiler system, a circulating air supply system, and a power generation system.

The gasification incinerator includes a furnace frame, and a feed bin, a gasification furnace and an ember furnace arranged in sequence along the feeding direction on the furnace frame. The furnace is located at the front and lower side of the slag outlet of the gasification furnace, and the rear of the ember furnace is the slag outlet of the ember furnace. The furnace frame is provided with a garbage pusher, and the garbage pusher is located under the feeding bin , used to push the garbage in the feed bin into the gasifier, and at least one independently arranged primary air chamber is respectively provided under the moving hearth of the gasifier and the moving hearth of the ember furnace. There is a stockpile sealing section between the bin and the gasifier, and a transitional slag section is left on the frame part between the gasifier and the ember furnace, and the transitional slag section is provided with a residue pusher, It is used to push the garbage residues falling in the gasification furnace into the ember furnace; the gasification furnace and the ember furnace respectively include a furnace shell and a movable hearth, and the front and rear of the gasification furnace are respectively sealed by stacking section and the transitional slagging section are sealed, and the transitional slagging section isolates the gasifier and the embering furnace so that the gasifier and the embering furnace are independent of each other; the gasifier and the embering furnace are respectively arched, and the The front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with a first flue gas outlet, and the vault of the ember furnace is provided with a second flue gas outlet. Ignition and combustion-supporting holes are respectively provided on the gasification furnace and the ember furnace;

The boiler system includes a boiler body a and a boiler body b. The boiler body a has a cyclone combustion chamber, a furnace chamber a, and a furnace chamber b. The lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, and the flue gas inlet of the cyclone combustion chamber It communicates with the first flue gas outlet, and the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber is the third flue gas outlet. The cyclone combustion chamber is provided with several combustion-supporting air supply ports, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports are located at the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet. Between, the third flue gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a, the lower ends of the furnace chamber a and the furnace chamber b communicate, the upper end of the furnace chamber b is provided with a waste gas outlet, and the cyclone combustion chamber An annular water-cooled wall a is arranged along the circumference, a superheater a is arranged in the furnace chamber a, an evaporator a is arranged in the furnace chamber b, a steam drum a is arranged on the top of the boiler body a, the cyclone combustion chamber, the furnace chamber a. Furnace chamber b is located below the steam drum a. The steam drum a is provided with a steam-water inlet. The steam drum a separates the steam-water mixture through a steam-water separation device. The water outlet of the steam drum a is respectively connected to the water wall a and the evaporator through pipelines The water inlet of a is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The water wall a and the steam outlet of the evaporator a are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum a through a steam pipe for returning high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum a is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater a through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater a, and the steam outlet of the superheater a outputs superheated steam;

The boiler body b has a cyclone dust removal chamber and a furnace chamber d. The lower end of the cyclone dust collector communicates with the second flue gas outlet, and the upper end of the cyclone dust removal chamber communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber d. An annular water-cooled wall b, the furnace chamber d is provided with a superheater b and an evaporator b, the superheater b is located above the evaporator b, the top of the boiler body b is provided with a steam drum b, and the cyclone dust removal chamber , the furnace chamber d is located below the steam drum b, the steam drum b is provided with a steam-water inlet, the steam drum b separates the steam-water mixture through the steam-water separation device, and the water outlet of the steam drum b is connected to the water-cooled wall b and the evaporator through pipelines respectively The water inlet of b is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The steam outlets of the water wall b and the evaporator b are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum b through steam pipes, and are used to return high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum b is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater b through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater b, and the steam outlet of the superheater b outputs superheated steam;

The circulating air supply system includes a first blower fan and a second blower fan. The inlet end of the first blower fan is connected to the lower end of the furnace chamber d through a pipeline, and the gas outlet end of the first blower fan is communicated with the furnace chamber b through a pipeline. The air inlet of the second fan communicates with the atmosphere, the gas outlet of the second fan is respectively connected to the main pipe of the first manifold and the second manifold, and the branch pipes of the first manifold are respectively connected to the gasifier moving furnace. The primary air chambers below the bed and the secondary air supply ports on the gasifier are connected, and the branch pipes of the second manifold are respectively connected to the primary air chambers below the moving hearth of the ember furnace and a number of combustion-supporting air chambers in the cyclone combustion chamber. The air supply port is connected;

The power generation system includes a steam input pipe, a steam turbine, and a generator power-connected with the steam turbine. The steam input pipe is respectively connected to the steam outlets of the superheater a and superheater b through pipelines, and the output end of the steam input pipe is connected to the steam turbine. The steam input end of the steam turbine, the steam output end of the steam turbine is connected to the condenser, the water pump, the low-pressure steam-water heater, the deaerator, the booster water pump, and the high-pressure steam-water heater in sequence through pipelines, and the heated input end of the low-pressure steam-water heater is connected to the The water pump is connected, the heating output end of the low-pressure steam-water heater is connected to the deaerator, the input end of the deaerator is provided with a water supply pipeline, the heating input end of the high-pressure steam-water heater is connected to the booster pump, the heating of the high-pressure steam-water heater The output end is connected to the steam-water inlet of steam drum a and steam drum b through pipelines. The steam turbine is provided with a first steam take-off pipe and a second steam take-off pipe to take steam from the steam output end of the steam turbine respectively. The first steam take-off pipe The output end of the second steam pipe is connected to the heating input end of the high-pressure steam-water heater, and the output end of the second steam pipe is connected to the heating input end of the low-pressure steam-water heater.

In order to make full use of the unused waste heat of the steam turbine, it also includes a high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger and a low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger. The heated channel of the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger is connected to the first steam pipe and deaerator through pipeline Between the input ends, the heated channel of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger is connected to the second steam intake pipe and the input end of the deaerator through pipelines, the heating channel of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger, and the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger The heating channel is connected in series on the main pipe of the first manifold, and the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger is located at the downstream end of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger.

In order to further recover waste heat from the flue gas discharged from the furnace chamber b and improve the heat recovery efficiency, preferably, the boiler body a has a furnace chamber c, and the upper end of the furnace chamber c communicates with the waste gas outlet at the upper end of the furnace chamber b , The lower end of the furnace chamber c is provided with a waste gas discharge port.

Further, an air preheater is provided in the furnace chamber c, the air outlet of the second fan is connected to the air inlet of the air preheater, and the air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the first manifold and the second manifold. Tube master.

Further, a heat economizer is provided in the furnace chamber c, the water inlet of the heat economizer communicates with the water outlet of the booster water pump, and the water outlet of the heat economizer communicates with the steam drum a and the steam drum respectively through pipelines. The soda water inlet of b is connected.

In order to perform harmless treatment of the flue gas discharged from the furnace chamber c, further, the waste gas discharge port of the furnace chamber c is connected to a flue gas purification system, and the flue gas purification system includes gas scrubbers connected in series along the exhaust direction , dust collector, induced draft fan, chimney.

In order to discharge the waste slag produced by the deposition of flue gas in furnace chamber a and furnace chamber b, and prevent waste slag from escaping and causing pollution, preferably, a common slag outlet is provided below the furnace chamber a and furnace chamber b, and the common outlet The slag port communicates with the hearth of the gasifier.

In order to discharge the waste slag produced by the deposition of flue gas in the cyclone combustion chamber and prevent the waste slag from escaping to cause pollution, preferably, the lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a tapered slag outlet with a radius that becomes smaller from top to bottom. The slag port communicates with the hearth of the gasifier.

In order to make the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion easy to discharge and facilitate the installation of the pipeline, preferably, the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet are located on the opposite side of the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber; the third flue gas outlet is along the The circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber is arranged radially or tangentially.

In order to prevent wind blowing between the gasifier and the ember furnace, preferably, an openable and closable isolation door is provided on the transitional slagging section, and the isolation door is used to isolate the gasifier and the ember furnace.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

The gasification furnace and the embering furnace of the gasification incinerator are installed separately, the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with the first flue gas outlet, and the vault of the embering furnace is provided with the second flue gas outlet, which is beneficial to separate treatment according to the quality of the flue gas At the same time, it is beneficial to the dust removal of the flue gas, which can provide higher quality flue gas, make the utilization rate of flue gas higher, and discharge less waste residue.

The first fan extracts the exhaust gas discharged from the furnace room d, and feeds it into the furnace room b, making full use of the unused waste heat of the boiler body b, and also achieves the purpose of dust removal and prevention of smoke and dust overflow through the cyclone dust removal room; the second fan passes through the air The preheater utilizes the exhaust gas discharged from the furnace chamber c, and makes full use of the unused waste heat of the boiler body a. The wind blown by the second blower provides primary air and secondary air to the gasification furnace through the first manifold to gasify the garbage in the gasification furnace. The flue gas containing a certain amount of synthesis gas in the gasification furnace The flue gas is discharged from the outlet and enters the treatment link of the cyclone combustion chamber, which provides high-temperature flue gas. The wind blown by the second blower provides the primary air for the ember-burning furnace through the second manifold, and provides the combustion-supporting air for the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the residue of the ember-burning furnace is fully burned, and the synthetic flue gas in the cyclone combustion chamber is fully combusted. The mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator with this structure has a large amount of garbage treatment, and the garbage material layer can experience drying, gasification and residue burning stages on the mechanical grate, which is suitable for the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic garbage in my country. , improve the energy conversion efficiency in the process of waste treatment and reduce the emission of pollutants in the flue gas, effectively prevent secondary pollution, and can realize large-scale continuous gasification and incineration of waste, ensuring the effect of gasification and incineration of waste and the heat of ash Ignition loss rate, relative reduction of heat loss and improvement of heat exchange efficiency, improves thermal efficiency.

The boiler system adopts the structure of two boilers to fully burn the synthetic flue gas released from the first flue gas outlet, use the heat released by flue gas combustion, and make full use of the heat released from the second flue gas outlet, with less heat transfer loss, Heat recovery is more efficient. The syngas burns more fully in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the temperature generated by the combustion is higher. Installing the annular water-cooled wall a on the cyclone combustion chamber relatively reduces heat loss and improves heat exchange efficiency. The heat recovered by this boiler system comes from the high-temperature syngas flue gas at the outlet of the garbage gasifier. The syngas flue gas enters the cyclone combustion chamber, and at the same time, air is tangentially supplied into the cyclone combustion chamber to support the combustion of combustible syngas, and the flue gas passes through the cyclone in turn. Combustion chamber, furnace chamber a, furnace chamber b, economizer and air preheater. Then use the economizer to preheat the condensed water, the preheated condensed water enters the two boilers, the condensed water is heated in the two water-cooled walls and the two evaporators, and the saturated steam enters the two steam drums, and the saturated steam enters the two steam drums after the steam-water separation. A superheater, reheated to form superheated steam output, can be used for power generation, heating, heating, etc. The invention has a novel concept, and uses the cyclone combustion method to reduce the content of fly ash in the flue gas; the combustion temperature of the synthesis gas is high, the residence time of the flue gas is long, the pollutants are effectively decomposed, the emission of pollutants is reduced, and the continuous gasification of garbage is realized. Syngas incineration treatment and heat recovery.

The condenser can convert all the unused steam of the steam turbine into water and absorb the heat released by the steam. The main function of the deaerator is to use it to remove oxygen and other gases in the boiler feed water to ensure the quality of the feed water. The booster pump The water pressure can be increased to ensure the water supply capacity of the water input system. The power generation system uses high-grade steam to heat low-grade steam and condensed water to improve the utilization rate of waste heat and reduce heat loss.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cyclone combustor;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of FIG. 2;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of power generation system;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of flue gas purification system;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification incinerator.

reference sign

1 is a gasification incinerator, 101 is a furnace frame, 102 is a feeding bin, 103 is a gasification furnace, 104 is an ember furnace, 105 is a hearth, 106 is a garbage pusher, 107 is a primary air chamber, and 108 is a Stacking sealing section, 109 is the transition slag falling section, 110 is the residue pusher, 111 is the isolation door, 112 is the first flue gas outlet, 113 is the second flue gas outlet, 114 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole, 115 is the secondary The air supply port, 116 is the slag outlet, and 117 is the slag discharge port;

202 is the first fan, 203 is the second fan, 204 is the first manifold, 205 is the second manifold;

3 is the whirlwind combustion chamber, 301 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole of the combustion chamber, 302 is the cone-shaped slag outlet, 303 is the flue gas inlet, 304 is the third flue gas outlet, and 305 is the combustion-supporting air supply port;

4 is boiler body a, 402 is furnace chamber a, 403 is furnace chamber b, 404 is furnace chamber c, 405 is water wall a, 406 is superheater a, 407 is evaporator a, 408 is steam drum a, 418 is Economizer, 419 is flue gas purification system, 420 is scrubber, 421 is dust collector, 422 is induced draft fan, 423 is chimney, 424 is air preheater;

5 is the boiler body b, 501 is the furnace chamber d, 502 is the cyclone dust removal chamber, 503 is the water wall b, 504 is the superheater b, 505 is the evaporator b, and 506 is the steam drum b;

6 is a power generation system, 601 is a steam input pipe, 602 is a steam turbine, 603 is a generator, 604 is a condenser, 605 is a water pump, 606 is a low-pressure steam-water heater, 607 is a deaerator, 608 is a booster pump, and 609 is a High-pressure steam-water heater, 610 is the water supply pipeline, 611 is the first steam pipe, 612 is the second steam pipe, 613 is the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger, and 614 is the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger.

detailed description

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, it is a preferred embodiment of a double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator, including a gasification incinerator, a boiler system, and a circulating air supply system.

Referring to Fig. 6, it is a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator, including a grate 101, and a feed bin 102, a gasifier 103 and an ember furnace 104 arranged in sequence along the feed direction on the grate 101, and the ember The rear of the furnace 104 is the slag outlet 116 of the embering furnace 104. The slag outlet 117 is provided on the embering furnace 104. Below, the sealing effect of this structure is good, which can effectively reduce the discharge of pollutants. The gasification furnace 103 mainly gasifies the charcoal part of the garbage, and discharges combustible gasification flue gas and garbage residue, and the ember furnace 104 mainly performs combustion treatment of residual charcoal, and discharges harmless ash. The hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 adopts a mechanical grate type movable hearth 105 independently driven by sections. The plates are stacked front and back, arranged alternately and gathered together. Multiple groups of adjacent movable grate plates are connected by tie rods and driven by a set of driving devices. The mechanical grate type moving hearth 105 is used as a carrier for transporting garbage, and its implementation can be various types of moving hearth 105, such as chain plate type, drum type, multi-stage type grate system, etc.

Described grate 101 is provided with refuse pusher 106, and described refuse pusher 106 is positioned at the below of feeding bin 102, is used for pushing the rubbish in feeding bin 102 into gasifier 103, and gasifier 103 The bottom of the moving hearth 105 and the bottom of the ember furnace 104 and the bottom of the moving hearth 105 are respectively provided with at least one independent primary air chamber 107. In this embodiment, the primary air chamber 107 corresponding to the first half of the gasifier 103 The grate and driving device are used as the drying section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103, and the grate and driving device corresponding to the primary air chamber 107 in the second half of the gasifier 103 are used as the gasification section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 . The drying section and the gasification section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 can use 1-2 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply, or 3-4 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply. Of course, the fire grate, the driving device and the primary air chamber 107 may not be arranged correspondingly, so as to better adjust the relationship between the movement of the upper material layer of the movable hearth 105 and the air distribution. The embers 104 can use 1-4 independent primary air chambers 107 to supply air, and after embers, the ash is discharged from the slag outlet, and enters the next processing procedure.

A stacking sealing section 108 is provided between the feed bin 102 and the gasifier 103, and the garbage pusher 106 is in place in the stacking sealing section 108. The garbage raw materials are put into and fall from the feeding bin 102, and the garbage pushing The feeder 106 retreats, then advances, and reciprocates multiple times to push the material to form a pile in the pile sealing section 108, so that the gasifier 103 inlet is in a pile seal state, and the sealing effect of the gasifier 103 is enhanced to solve the problem of garbage pusher 106 and waste. Feed bin 102 is prone to air leakage. When it is necessary to completely clean the furnace and dispose of all the garbage, the garbage pusher 106 is pushed forward half a stroke, and the garbage is completely pushed into the gasifier 103, so that the gasifier 103 inlet loses the sealing effect of stacking. A transitional slagging section 109 is left on the part of the grate 101 between the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104, and the transitional slagging section 109 is provided with a residue pusher 110 for dispelling The falling garbage residues are pushed into the ember furnace 104, and the transitional slag section 109 can be in a stacking and sealing state when the garbage residues are piled up, so as to enhance the sealing effect of the gasifier 103 and solve the problem of crosstalk between the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104. Wind problem. In this embodiment, the transitional slagging section 109 is provided with an openable and closable isolation door 111 , and the isolation door 111 is used to isolate the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 . At the initial stage of starting the furnace or when it is necessary to control the blowing wind between the gasifier 103 and the incinerator, close the isolation door 111. After a certain amount of residue is piled up in the slag section to form a stacking seal, the isolation door 111 can be kept open, and the The residue pusher 110 is used in coordination to realize the continuous gasification and incineration treatment of garbage.

The upper end of the gasification furnace 103 and the upper end of the ember furnace 104 are respectively arched, and the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 is a straight structure, or the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 is a rear end inclined upward structure . The vault of the gasification furnace 103 is provided with a first flue gas outlet 112, the vault of the ember furnace 104 is provided with a second flue gas outlet 113, the arch of the upper end of the gasification furnace 103 and the upper end of the ember furnace 104 are Ignition and combustion-supporting holes 114 are respectively provided on the arches. The gasification flue gas is discharged from the first flue gas outlet 112 and the second flue gas outlet 113, and the furnace space of the gasification furnace 103 is relatively reduced compared with the traditional garbage incinerator; the relative positions of the front and rear arches and the moving hearth 105 It becomes smaller, which reduces the space occupied by the incinerator, and is also easier to keep warm, reducing the amount of heat leakage, which is conducive to the full gasification of garbage. Secondary air supply ports 115 are respectively provided on the front arch and the rear arch of the gasifier 103 .

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the boiler system includes a boiler body a4 and a boiler body b5, the boiler body a4 has a cyclone combustion chamber 3, a furnace chamber a402, a furnace chamber b403, and a furnace chamber c404, and the cyclone combustion chamber 3 The lower end is provided with a flue gas inlet 303, and the flue gas inlet 303 of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 communicates with the first flue gas outlet 112 of the gasification furnace 103 through a pipe, and the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 is a third flue gas outlet 304, the flue gas The gas inlet 303 and the third flue gas outlet 304 are located on opposite sides of the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 , and the top of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 is provided with a combustion chamber ignition and combustion-supporting hole 301 . In order to fully mix the flue gas and combustion-supporting air in the cyclone combustion chamber 3 and discharge them from the third flue gas outlet 304 after combustion, the cyclone combustion chamber 3 is provided with several combustion-supporting air supply ports 305, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports 305 is located between the flue gas inlet 303 and the third flue gas outlet 304 . The flue gas inlet 303 , the third flue gas outlet 304 , and the combustion air supply port 305 are arranged radially or tangentially along the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 . The third flue gas outlet 304 at the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a402, and the lower ends of the furnace chamber a402 and the furnace chamber b403 communicate with each other. The lower end of the gasifier is provided with a tapered slag outlet 302 whose radius becomes smaller from top to bottom, and the tapered slag outlet 302 communicates with the hearth of the gasifier 103 . A common slag outlet is provided below the furnace chamber a402 and the furnace chamber b403 , and the common slag outlet is communicated with the hearth of the gasifier 103 . In this embodiment, both the common slag outlet and the conical slag outlet 302 communicate with the tail transition section of the furnace of the gasifier 103 .

The cyclone combustion chamber 3 is provided with an annular water-cooled wall a405 along the circumference of the inner wall, the furnace chamber a402 is provided with a superheater a406, the furnace chamber b403 is provided with an evaporator a407, and the top of the boiler body 4 is provided with a steam drum a408. The cyclone combustion chamber 3, the furnace chamber a402, and the furnace chamber b403 are all located below the steam drum a408. The steam drum a408 is provided with a steam-water inlet for inputting the steam-water mixture. The steam drum a408 is provided with a steam-water separation device for To separate the steam-water mixture, the water outlet of the steam drum a408 is connected to the water inlet of the water-cooled wall a405 and the evaporator a407 through pipelines respectively, and is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device, and the steam outlet of the water-cooled wall a405 and the evaporator a407 The steam inlets of the steam drum a408 are respectively connected through steam pipes for returning high-temperature steam, and the outlets of the saturated steam of the steam drum a408 are connected with the steam inlets of the superheater a406 through pipes, and are used for inputting the returning high-temperature steam into the superheater a406 Inside, the steam outlet of the superheater a406 outputs superheated steam.

The boiler body b5 has a cyclone dust removal chamber 502 and a furnace chamber d501. The lower end of the cyclone dust removal chamber communicates with the second flue gas outlet, and the upper end of the cyclone dust removal chamber 502 communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber d501. The cyclone dust removal chamber 502 An annular water-cooled wall b503 is provided along the inner circumference, and a superheater b504 and an evaporator b505 are arranged in the furnace chamber d501. The cyclone dedusting chamber 502 and the furnace chamber d501 are all located below the steam drum b506. The steam drum b506 is provided with a steam water inlet. The steam drum b506 separates the steam water mixture through a steam water separation device. The water inlet of the wall b503 and the evaporator b505 is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device, and the steam outlets of the water-cooled wall b503 and the evaporator b505 are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum b506 through a steam pipe for backflow High-temperature steam, the saturated steam outlet of the steam drum b506 is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater b504 through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater b504, and the steam outlet of the superheater b504 outputs superheated steam; The lower ends of the cyclone dust removal chamber 502 and the furnace chamber d501 are provided with a common slag outlet, which communicates with the slag outlet 117 of the ember furnace through a pipeline.

Referring to Fig. 4, the power generation system 6 includes a steam input pipe 601, a steam turbine 602, and a generator 603 power-connected with the steam turbine 602, and the steam input pipe 601 is respectively connected to the outlet steam of the superheater a and superheater b through pipelines. port, the output end of the steam input pipe 601 is connected to the steam input end of the steam turbine 602, and the steam output end of the steam turbine 602 is connected to the condenser 604, the water pump 605, the low-pressure steam-water heater 606, the deaerator 607, and the booster pump in turn through pipelines 608. High-pressure steam-water heater 609, the heated input end of the low-pressure steam-water heater 606 is connected to the water pump 605, the heated output end of the low-pressure steam-water heater 606 is connected to the deaerator 607, and the input end of the deaerator 607 is provided with water replenishment Pipeline 610, the heated input end of the high-pressure steam-water heater 609 is connected to the booster pump 608, the heated output end of the high-pressure steam-water heater 609 is connected to the steam-water inlet of steam drum a and steam drum b through pipelines, and the steam turbine 602 is provided with A first steam taking pipe 611 and a second steam taking pipe 612 respectively take steam from the steam output end of the steam turbine 602, and the output end of the first steam taking pipe 611 is connected to the heating input end of the high-pressure steam-water heater 609, and the first steam taking pipe 611 is connected to the heating input end of the high-pressure steam-water heater 609. The output end of the second steam pipe 612 is connected to the heating input end of the low-pressure steam-water heater 606 . It also includes a high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 613 and a low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 614. The heated channel of the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 613 is connected between the first steam pipe 611 and the input end of the deaerator 607 through pipelines. The heated channel of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 614 is connected between the second steam pipe 612 and the input end of the deaerator 607 through pipelines, and the heating channel of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 614 and the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 613 The heating channels are connected in series on the main pipe of the first manifold, and the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 613 is located at the downstream end of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger 614 .

Referring to Fig. 1, the circulating air supply system includes a first fan 202 and a second fan 203, the inlet end of the first fan 202 is connected to the lower end of the furnace chamber d through a pipeline, and the outlet end of the first fan 202 The pipeline communicates with the furnace chamber b, the air inlet of the second blower fan 203 communicates with the atmosphere, and the gas outlet of the second blower fan 203 is respectively connected to the main pipe of the first manifold 204 and the second manifold 205. The branch pipes of the first manifold 204 communicate with the primary air chambers under the moving hearth of the gasification furnace and the secondary air supply ports on the gasification furnace respectively; Each of the primary air chambers on one side and several combustion-supporting air supply ports of the cyclone combustion chamber are connected. Each branch of the first manifold 204 is respectively provided with a first regulating valve, and each branch of the second manifold 205 is respectively provided with a second valve. Two regulating valves.

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, in this embodiment, the upper end of the furnace chamber c404 communicates with the waste gas outlet at the upper end of the furnace chamber b403, the lower end of the furnace chamber c404 is provided with a waste gas discharge port, and the furnace chamber c404 is provided with a heat saver 418, the water inlet of the economizer 418 communicates with the water outlet of the booster water pump, and the water outlet of the economizer 418 communicates with the steam water inlet of the steam drum a408. The exhaust gas outlet of the furnace chamber c404 is connected to a flue gas purification system 419, which includes a gas scrubber 420, a dust collector 421, an induced draft fan 422, and a chimney 423 connected in series along the exhaust direction. The furnace chamber c is provided with an air preheater, the air outlet of the second fan 203 is connected to the air inlet of the air preheater, and the air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the first manifold 204 and the second manifold 205 for the master.

The heat recovered by the boiler body a comes from the high-temperature syngas flue gas at the outlet of the waste gasification furnace. The syngas flue gas enters the cyclone combustion chamber, and at the same time, air is tangentially supplied into the cyclone combustion chamber to support the combustion of combustible syngas, and the flue gas passes through the cyclone in turn. Combustion chamber, furnace chamber a, furnace chamber b, economizer and air preheater.

The heat recovered by the boiler body b comes from the high-temperature flue gas after the residue is burned after the gasification of the garbage. The flue gas enters the cyclone dust removal chamber, enters tangentially, and exits tangentially. The fan introduces the flue gas into the furnace chamber b.

Then use the economizer to preheat the condensed water, and the preheated condensed water enters boiler a and boiler b, and the condensed water is heated in the water wall and evaporator to form saturated steam and enter the steam drum. After the steam and water are separated, the saturated steam enters the superheater and is heated again The superheated steam is formed to output power generation, and it can also be used for heating, heating, etc. )

Steam turbine energy-saving power generation system: the superheated steam from the boiler superheater enters the steam cylinder to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity; the first steam is taken from the steam cylinder and enters the high-pressure steam-water heater and high-pressure steam-gas heater to heat the condensed water and form condensed water to deoxidize In the steam cylinder, the second steam is taken into the low-pressure steam-water heater and the low-pressure steam-gas heater, and the condensed water and air are heated to form condensed water and return to the deaerator.

The steam outlet of the steam cylinder is connected to the condenser. After the steam is condensed, the steam is pressurized by the water pump and enters the low-pressure steam-water heater. The heated condensed water enters the deaerator; The heated condensate enters the economizer to be heated again, and then enters the boiler section.

Use high-grade steam to heat air and condensed water, improve the utilization rate of waste heat and reduce loss.

The garbage treatment method after the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator is supplied with air by the circulating air supply system, the method is carried out according to the following steps:

Step A, close the gate of the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the atmospheric ventilation, start the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1, put the garbage raw materials into the feed bin 102, and the garbage pusher 106 reciprocates and pushes Push the garbage material falling from the feeding bin 102 into the stacking sealing section 108 between the feeding bin 102 and the gasifier 103, so that the stacking sealing section 108 forms a stacking sealed state, and the excess garbage falls into the gasifier. The moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 work to transport the garbage into the transitional slagging section 109, and the residue pusher 110 reciprocates and pushes the material multiple times to remove the garbage on the transitional slagging section 109. Push into the embering furnace 104, the moving hearth 105 of the embering furnace 104 works to transport the garbage until the garbage is piled up to the required thickness: 0.6-0.8m on the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the embering furnace 104, , during baking, the accumulated rubbish can protect the movable hearth 105 and prevent the hearth 105 from burning. Stop feeding material to feed bin 102, the moving hearth 105 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 stops working, then, pass through the ignition combustion-supporting hole 114 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 respectively with gasification with ignition burner The hearth of the furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are connected. Under the action of the ignition burner, the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are started and baked. The hearth of ember furnace 104 reaches the predetermined temperature of 600-700°C; the purpose of the oven is to remove the natural water and crystallization water in the lining, so as to avoid the furnace body from swelling and cracking due to the rapid rise of the furnace temperature and the large amount of water expansion during the start-up. Bubbling or deformation or even the collapse of the furnace wall will affect the strength and service life of the furnace wall of the heating furnace.

Step B, start and adjust the circulating air supply system, adjust the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and the process parameters of the circulating air supply system (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, the air pressure and the air volume, the secondary air temperature, wind pressure and air volume, furnace temperature, negative pressure in the furnace, material layer thickness, etc.), feed material to the feed bin 102, and the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 works to transport garbage, and the garbage is in the furnace of the gasification furnace 103 Combustion starts, and garbage residues are piled up at the transitional slagging section 109 to form a pile seal, so that the combustion state temperature in the furnace of the gasifier 103 is stabilized to above 850°C, and the movable hearth 105 of the ember furnace 104 works and outputs after burning of garbage residue.

Step C, adjusting the gasification furnace 103, the ember furnace 104 and the various process parameters of the circulating air supply system (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, the secondary air temperature, air pressure and air volume , furnace temperature, negative pressure in the furnace, material layer thickness, etc.), the gasifier 103 gradually gasifies the garbage, and the gasification temperature is stabilized between 700-800°C, so that the gasifier 103 can stably produce waste containing 10%-20 % high-temperature flue gas of syngas, the gasification furnace 103 can be gasified in a stable gasification state at low temperature, medium temperature or high temperature. Stabilize the combustion state temperature of the ember furnace 104 to above 850°C to realize continuous gasification and incineration treatment of waste; it is necessary to adjust the process parameters of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 at the same time to stabilize the temperature of the third flue gas outlet 304 of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 to 850°C above.

Step D: When maintenance or shutdown is required, stop feeding, adjust the process parameters of the gasifier 103, the burner 104, and the circulating air supply system, so that the gasifier 103 gradually returns to the burning state, and wait for the garbage and garbage residue to burn Finally, close the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the circulating air supply system. Various process parameters of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 need to be adjusted at the same time, so that the gasifier 103 can gradually return to the combustion state.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator, comprising a gasification incinerator, a boiler system, a circulating air supply system, and a power generation system, characterized in that: The gasification incinerator includes a furnace frame, and a feed bin, a gasification furnace and an ember furnace arranged in sequence along the feeding direction on the furnace frame. The furnace is located at the front and lower side of the slag outlet of the gasification furnace, and the rear of the ember furnace is the slag outlet of the ember furnace. The furnace frame is provided with a garbage pusher, and the garbage pusher is located under the feeding bin , used to push the garbage in the feed bin into the gasifier, and at least one independently arranged primary air chamber is respectively provided under the moving hearth of the gasifier and the moving hearth of the ember furnace. There is a stockpile sealing section between the bin and the gasifier, and a transitional slag section is left on the frame part between the gasifier and the ember furnace, and the transitional slag section is provided with a residue pusher, It is used to push the garbage residues falling in the gasification furnace into the ember furnace; the gasification furnace and the ember furnace respectively include a furnace shell and a movable hearth, and the front and rear of the gasification furnace are respectively sealed by stacking section and the transitional slagging section are sealed, and the transitional slagging section isolates the gasifier and the embering furnace so that the gasifier and the embering furnace are independent of each other; the gasifier and the embering furnace are respectively arched, and the The front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with a first flue gas outlet, and the vault of the ember furnace is provided with a second flue gas outlet. The gasification furnace and the ember furnace are respectively equipped with ignition and combustion-supporting holes; The boiler system includes a boiler body a and a boiler body b. The boiler body a has a cyclone combustion chamber, a furnace chamber a, and a furnace chamber b. The lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, and the flue gas inlet of the cyclone combustion chamber It communicates with the first flue gas outlet, and the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber is the third flue gas outlet. The cyclone combustion chamber is provided with several combustion-supporting air supply ports, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports are located at the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet. Between, the third flue gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a, the lower ends of the furnace chamber a and the furnace chamber b communicate, the upper end of the furnace chamber b is provided with a waste gas outlet, and the cyclone combustion chamber An annular water-cooled wall a is arranged along the circumference, a superheater a is arranged in the furnace chamber a, an evaporator a is arranged in the furnace chamber b, a steam drum a is arranged on the top of the boiler body a, the cyclone combustion chamber, the furnace chamber a. Furnace chamber b is located below the steam drum a. The steam drum a is provided with a steam-water inlet. The steam drum a separates the steam-water mixture through a steam-water separation device. The water outlet of the steam drum a is respectively connected to the water wall a and the evaporator through pipelines The water inlet of a is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The water wall a and the steam outlet of the evaporator a are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum a through a steam pipe for returning high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum a is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater a through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater a, and the steam outlet of the superheater a outputs superheated steam; The boiler body b has a cyclone dust removal chamber and a furnace chamber d. The lower end of the cyclone dust collector communicates with the second flue gas outlet, and the upper end of the cyclone dust removal chamber communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber d. An annular water-cooled wall b, the furnace chamber d is provided with a superheater b and an evaporator b, the superheater b is located above the evaporator b, the top of the boiler body b is provided with a steam drum b, and the cyclone dust removal chamber , the furnace chamber d is located below the steam drum b, the steam drum b is provided with a steam-water inlet, the steam drum b separates the steam-water mixture through the steam-water separation device, and the water outlet of the steam drum b is connected to the water-cooled wall b and the evaporator through pipelines respectively The water inlet of b is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The steam outlets of the water wall b and the evaporator b are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum b through steam pipes, and are used to return high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum b is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater b through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater b, and the steam outlet of the superheater b outputs superheated steam; The circulating air supply system includes a first blower fan and a second blower fan. The inlet end of the first blower fan is connected to the lower end of the furnace chamber d through a pipeline, and the gas outlet end of the first blower fan is communicated with the furnace chamber b through a pipeline. The air inlet of the second fan communicates with the atmosphere, the gas outlet of the second fan is respectively connected to the main pipe of the first manifold and the second manifold, and the branch pipes of the first manifold are respectively connected to the gasifier moving furnace. The primary air chambers below the bed and the secondary air supply ports on the gasifier are connected, and the branch pipes of the second manifold are respectively connected to the primary air chambers below the moving hearth of the ember furnace and a number of combustion-supporting air chambers in the cyclone combustion chamber. The air supply port is connected; The power generation system includes a steam input pipe, a steam turbine, and a generator power-connected with the steam turbine. The steam input pipe is respectively connected to the steam outlets of the superheater a and superheater b through pipelines, and the output end of the steam input pipe is connected to the steam turbine. The steam input end of the steam turbine, the steam output end of the steam turbine is connected to the condenser, the water pump, the low-pressure steam-water heater, the deaerator, the booster water pump, and the high-pressure steam-water heater in sequence through pipelines, and the heated input end of the low-pressure steam-water heater is connected to the The water pump is connected, the heating output end of the low-pressure steam-water heater is connected to the deaerator, the input end of the deaerator is provided with a water supply pipeline, the heating input end of the high-pressure steam-water heater is connected to the booster pump, the heating of the high-pressure steam-water heater The output end is connected to the steam-water inlet of steam drum a and steam drum b through pipelines. The steam turbine is provided with a first steam take-off pipe and a second steam take-off pipe to take steam from the steam output end of the steam turbine respectively. The first steam take-off pipe The output end of the second steam pipe is connected to the heating input end of the high-pressure steam-water heater, and the output end of the second steam pipe is connected to the heating input end of the low-pressure steam-water heater. 2. The double-boiler power generation system based on the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger and a low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger, and the high-pressure steam-gas The heated passage of the heat exchanger is connected between the first steam intake pipe and the input end of the deaerator through pipelines, and the heated passage of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger is connected with the second steam intake pipe and the input end of the deaerator through pipelines Between, the heating channel of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger and the heating channel of the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger are connected in series on the main pipe of the first manifold, and the high-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger is located at the downstream end of the low-pressure steam-gas heat exchanger . 3. The double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type waste gasification incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the boiler body a has a furnace chamber c, and the upper end of the furnace chamber c is connected to the furnace chamber b The waste gas outlet at the upper end is connected, and the lower end of the furnace chamber c is provided with a waste gas discharge port. 4. The double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: an air preheater is arranged in the furnace chamber c, and the gas outlet end of the second fan Connect to the air inlet of the air preheater, and connect the air outlet of the air preheater to the main pipes of the first manifold and the second manifold. 5. The double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: a heat economizer is arranged in the furnace chamber c, and the water inlet of the heat economizer is connected to the The water outlet of the booster water pump is communicated, and the water outlet of the economizer is respectively communicated with the steam-water inlets of steam drum a and steam drum b through pipelines. 6. The double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: the waste gas discharge port of the furnace chamber c is connected to a flue gas purification system, and the flue gas purification system It includes scrubbers, dust collectors, induced draft fans, and chimneys connected in series along the exhaust direction. 7. The double-boiler power generation system based on the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: a common slag outlet is provided under the furnace chamber a and furnace chamber b, and the common slag outlet The slag outlet is communicated with the hearth of the gasifier. 8. The double-boiler power generation system based on the mechanical grate type waste gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a cone-shaped slag outlet whose radius becomes smaller from top to bottom The conical slag outlet is connected with the hearth of the gasifier. 9. The double-boiler power generation system based on a mechanical grate type waste gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet are located on the opposite side of the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber; The third flue gas outlet is arranged radially or tangentially along the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber. 10. The double-boiler power generation system based on the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transitional slagging section is provided with an openable and closable isolation door, and the isolation door is used for It is used to cut off the gasification furnace and the ember furnace.