CN105626097B - Thin-spraying sealing material, thin-spraying sealing method and open type powder spraying equipment - Google Patents
Thin-spraying sealing material, thin-spraying sealing method and open type powder spraying equipment Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
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Abstract
The invention provides a thin spray sealing material, which comprises 15-55 wt% of RD type polymer powder, 30-60 wt% of inorganic filler, 14.5-40 wt% of inorganic film-forming agent and 0.5-5 wt% of other auxiliary agents. The thin spray sealing material adopts RD type polymer powder as a main film forming component, can be sprayed to form a film by adding water, has no by-product, VOC and reaction heat, is convenient to assemble, transport and store and use and is low in cost; the composite material has good film forming property, ductility, permeability, environmental protection property and fire resistance, can achieve enough strength, and can replace sprayed concrete support in the anchor-spraying support technology. The invention also provides open powder injection equipment which is simple in structure, low in noise and free of dust emission and is suitable for the thin spray sealing material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thin spray sealing material, a thin spray sealing method and open type powder spraying equipment, which are particularly suitable for underground mine roadways of coal mines.
Background
At present, the domestic mine mainly adopts anchor-shotcrete support as a main technical means of roadway support. The anchor-shotcrete support can effectively control the deformation of surrounding rocks of the roadway, ensure the stability of the roadway and promote the reformation of the mine roadway support technology. The sprayed concrete is an important content in an anchor-shotcrete support technology system, and has the function of sealing and reinforcing surrounding rocks.
However, practical tests over decades have led to a renewed recognition of the load-bearing capacity, the scope of application and the environmental safety of shotcrete:
1. the dust concentration is large, and operators are easy to suffer occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis and the like.
2. The rebound rate of the sprayed concrete is high, and the material waste is serious.
3. The concrete spraying layer supporting capability is uncertain: including difficult injection into rock body cracks, and the effect of reducing stress concentration at the concave-convex parts of surrounding rocks is not obvious, etc.
4. The concrete sprayed layer is difficult to deform together with the rock mass and is easy to break and fall off, so that a new potential safety hazard is formed.
5. No matter the concrete spraying process aims at bearing, sealing, leaking stoppage and the like, excessive support is easily caused due to the fact that the material characteristics of the concrete spraying process need thick spraying, the spraying speed is low, the number of people is large, and the effect improvement is not facilitated.
In recent years, researchers observe the anchor-shotcrete supporting effect of partial mining areas, find that the concrete shotcrete layer does not play a leading bearing role, and through theoretical analysis and field tests, the method proposes that the concrete shotcrete supporting process can be completely cancelled in an anchor-shotcrete supporting roadway as long as the supporting parameters of an anchor net are properly adjusted. However, after the concrete spraying process is cancelled, surrounding rocks and an anchor net of the roadway are exposed, so that the surrounding rocks are weathered, the anchor net is corroded, and a coal seam is spontaneous combustion.
At present, similar technologies and achievements are few at home and abroad, and domestic documents take 'a mine support emulsion guniting material and a support guniting construction method' as representatives, water glass and stone powder are mixed to prepare a base material and are matched with a curing agent for use, so that the mortar has the characteristics of no rebound, flame retardance, quick solidification, high strength, low construction cost and the like, but the mortar needs to be prepared on site, the process is complex, the cleaning is complicated, the operation environment is not clean, the adhesive force of a film is small, and the ductility is poor. The reaction type material with two components is basically adopted abroad, has the characteristics of strong binding power, quick curing, excellent mechanical property, excellent gap filling capability and extension performance and the like, but is easy to generate reaction heat and pungent smell, and is not beneficial to underground construction of mines. Therefore, no matter the thin spraying material and the matched process are adopted, the prior art and the achievement are difficult to meet the mine requirements of China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-reactive powdery thin-spraying sealing material with good film forming property, ductility, permeability, environmental protection and flame retardance.
The thin spray sealing material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-55% of RD type polymer powder, 30-60% of inorganic filler, 14.5-40% of inorganic film forming agent and 0.5-5% of other auxiliary agents.
Preferably, the inorganic filler is an inert powder material.
Preferably, the inorganic filler is carbon black and/or stone powder.
Preferably, the inorganic film-forming agent is an active powder material.
Preferably, the inorganic film-forming agent is two or three of sodium silicate, gypsum and white cement, wherein the weight percentage of the sodium silicate is 0-40%, the weight percentage of the gypsum is 0-40%, and the weight percentage of the white cement is 20-90%.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent is a defoaming agent, cellulose ether and/or starch ether.
Preferably, when the content of the inorganic filler is greater than or equal to 30%, the auxiliary agent further comprises sodium pyrophosphate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate.
The invention also discloses a thin spray sealing method of the thin spray sealing material, which comprises the following steps: the components of the thin spray sealing material are mixed, then the mixture is sprayed out after being mixed with water, the spray thickness is 2mm-20mm, and the spray speed is 5 m/min-20 m/min.
Preferably, the method for closing the thin spray of the thin spray closing material by using the open type powder spraying device comprises the following steps: the mixed thin-spraying sealing material is pushed to a blanking pipe communicated with a feeding hole of the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe, compressed air of the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe is introduced from an air inlet of the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe, the thin-spraying sealing material is sucked into the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe under the action of negative pressure to be mixed with the compressed air, the thin-spraying sealing material is driven by the compressed air and is blown to the spray gun through a conveying pipe, and the thin-spraying sealing material is mixed with atomized water sprayed through a nozzle in the spray gun and then is sprayed out.
The invention also provides the open powder injection equipment which has simple structure, reliable work, low equipment noise in normal work and no dust emission and is suitable for the thin spray sealing method used by the thin spray sealing material.
The open powder spraying equipment used in the thin spraying closed method comprises a Venturi gas material mixing pipe, a blanking pipe, a conveying pipe, a compressed air source and a spray gun, wherein the blanking pipe is communicated with a feeding hole of the Venturi gas material mixing pipe, the compressed air source is communicated with an air inlet of the Venturi gas material mixing pipe, the spray gun is communicated with a discharging hole of the Venturi gas material mixing pipe through the conveying pipe, and a spray nozzle which is communicated with the spray gun and used for spraying atomized water into the spray gun is further arranged on the spray gun.
Preferably, the material feeding device further comprises a hopper, a spiral shaft for pushing materials is arranged at the bottom of the hopper, and an inlet at the upper part of the blanking pipe arranged up and down is communicated with a discharging end of the spiral shaft.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the thin spray sealing material adopts RD type polymer powder as a main film forming component, can be sprayed to form a film by adding water according to a certain proportion when in use, has no by-product, VOC and reaction heat, is convenient to assemble, transport and store, and is low in cost; the RD type polymer powder effectively improves the strength and elasticity of the mine thin-spraying support powder material; the cellulose ether can improve the tensile bonding strength, the water retention property and the thickening property of the powdery material in dry and wet states, and improve the film forming capability of the mine thin powder spraying material; the inorganic filler is introduced to be used as a film forming framework, so that the mechanical strength, the water resistance and the pulverization resistance of the mine thin spray sealing material are effectively improved; sodium silicate reacts with gypsum to form sodium sulfate (Na)2SO4) The crystal expansion in the product gap effectively enhances the compensation shrinkage performance of the mine thin-spraying sealing material; utilizes the characteristic of the defoaming agent for breaking the interfacial tension balance of the bubble film to eliminateBesides the generation and stability of bubbles of the hydration material, the compactness and the strength of the mine thin-spraying sealing material are effectively enhanced; when the content of the inorganic filler is higher, the sodium pyrophosphate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate as the dispersing agent can reduce the surface tension of particles, improve the rapid wetting, dispersing and slurrying capabilities of the inorganic filler, optimize the dispersing and mixing effect of each component of the mine thin-spraying sealing material, enhance the proportioning uniformity of each component and improve the performance of the mine thin-spraying sealing material.
The thin-spraying sealing material has good film forming property, ductility, permeability, environmental protection property and flame retardance, and can achieve enough strength, thereby replacing sprayed concrete support in an anchor-spraying support technology system.
The open powder spraying equipment adopted by the invention adopts an open structure for feeding, and adopts a Venturi structure principle to enable gas to flow at high speed to generate negative pressure, so that the material is sucked into the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe to convey and spray the powder material. The hopper for storing the materials is of an open structure, and the pressure balance design is not needed. The gas pipeline only needs one inlet and one outlet; the gas pressure in the blanking pipe is small and is in a negative pressure state, and the pressure is below-0.02 MPa. The screw shaft only plays a role of stirring the materials in the hopper into the blanking pipe, and a quantitative feeding function is not needed. As long as the materials are kept in the hopper continuously, the materials can be sucked into the blanking pipe under the action of self weight and sliding. The material stirring scraper, the control gate, the multiple air path control pipelines, the valve and the like are not needed, the structure is simple, the service life is long, the work is reliable, the noise of the equipment is low during normal work, and no dust is generated. The open powder equipment can continuously feed and spray powder materials, and solves the problems that the prior closed tank type powder spraying equipment needs to adopt a pressure-resistant closed tank body to store the materials, and needs to stop and stop air after the materials in the tank are sprayed, and then intermittent feeding and spraying in a feeding mode are carried out. The open powder injection equipment has greatly simplified pipeline control system, no need of pressure balance and other control pipeline and no need of control gate. The continuity is carried to the during operation powder material and homogeneity is better, and it is inhomogeneous to solve the injection powder material of original equipment, and the injection during operation material begins the ejection of compact more, the less problem in later stage, and technical parameter such as whole overall dimension of equipment and weight also has the reduction of great degree with pot-type equipment simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an open powder injection apparatus;
fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The non-reactive powdery thin-spraying sealing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of RD type polymer powder, 30 parts of inorganic filler, 14.5 parts of inorganic film forming agent and about 0.5 part of auxiliary agent.
The RD type polymer powder has uniform texture, no agglomeration and no hardening, and can be rapidly dispersed in water.
The inorganic filler is a stone powder mixture, and the stone powder has a granularity of 20 meshes (0.9 mm) of an analysis sieve, and has uniform and consistent color, no sand feeling, no caking, no peculiar smell and no peculiar smell.
The inorganic film-forming agent comprises 5.8 parts of sodium silicate, 5.8 parts of gypsum and 2.9 parts of white cement, wherein the sodium silicate meets the national standard (GB/T4209-.
The assistant and the defoamer account for 0.2 part and meet the national standard (GB/T26527-.
The RD type polymer powder, the inorganic filler, the inorganic film-forming agent and other additives are all required to be qualified, and are forbidden to use after expiration.
The main physical and chemical properties and engineering properties of the thin sprayed sealing material were tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
The national coating quality supervision and inspection center tests according to the limits of hazardous substances (water-based wall putty) in interior wall coatings of interior decoration and finishing materials (GB 18582-.
Table 1 example 1 main physicochemical and engineering properties of thin sprayed sealing material
TABLE 2
Note: the detection limit of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) is 2 g/L; the detection limit of free formaldehyde is 5 mg/kg; the detection limit of soluble lead (Pb) is 0.04 mg/kg; the detection limit of soluble cadmium (Cd) is 0.0025 mg/kg; the detection limit of soluble mercury (Hg) is 0.04 mg/kg; the detection limit of the total amount of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene is 50 mg/kg.
Example 2
The non-reactive powdery thin-spraying sealing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of RD type polymer powder, 60 parts of inorganic filler, 22 parts of inorganic film forming agent and about 2 parts of other auxiliary agents.
The RD type polymer powder has uniform texture, no agglomeration and no hardening, and can be rapidly dispersed in water.
In the inorganic filler, 10 parts of carbon black and 50 parts of stone powder mixture are adopted, wherein the carbon black meets the national standard (GB/T3780.10-2009), and the stone powder has a granularity of 20 meshes (0.9 mm) of an analysis sieve, and has uniform and consistent color, no sand grain feeling, no caking, no peculiar smell and no peculiar smell.
The inorganic film forming agent comprises 6.6 parts of sodium silicate and 15.4 parts of white cement. The inorganic film-forming agent, sodium silicate, meets the national standard (GB/T4209-.
The auxiliary agent and the defoaming agent account for 0.2 part, the cellulose ether accounts for 0.3 part, the cellulose ether conforms to the national standard (GB/T26527-.
The RD type polymer powder, the inorganic filler, the inorganic film-forming agent and other additives are all required to be qualified, and are forbidden to use after expiration.
Example 3
The non-reactive powdery thin-spraying sealing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of RD type polymeric powder, 30 parts of inorganic filler, 40 parts of inorganic film forming agent and about 2 parts of other auxiliary agents.
The RD type polymer powder has uniform texture, no agglomeration and no hardening, and can be rapidly dispersed in water.
The inorganic filler is carbon black, wherein the carbon black meets the national standard (GB/T3780.10-2009), and the color and luster are uniform and consistent, and the inorganic filler has no sand feeling, caking, peculiar smell and peculiar smell.
The inorganic film forming agent comprises 4 parts of gypsum and 36 parts of white cement. The inorganic film-forming agent, gypsum, meets the national standard (GB/T9776-.
The auxiliary agent and the defoaming agent account for 0.2 part, the starch ether accounts for 0.3 part, the starch ether conforms to the industrial standard (JC/T2190-.
The RD type polymer powder, the inorganic filler, the inorganic film-forming agent and other additives are all required to be qualified, and are forbidden to use after expiration.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the open type powder spraying equipment, a connecting frame 2 is arranged on a movable chassis 1, a power device 3 and a hopper 5 are arranged on the connecting frame, a spiral shaft 6 connected with the power device through a coupling 4 extends into the bottom of the hopper, and an upper inlet of a blanking pipe 7 arranged up and down is arranged at the lower part of a discharge end of the spiral shaft. The outlet at the lower end of the blanking pipe is communicated with the feed inlet on the side wall of the Venturi gas material mixing pipe 8, and the compressed air source is communicated with the air inlet 9 of the Venturi gas material mixing pipe. The spray gun (not shown) is communicated with the discharge port of the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe through a conveying pipe, and a nozzle which is communicated with the spray gun and used for spraying atomized water into the spray gun is further arranged on the spray gun.
The working process of the open type powder injection equipment is that powder materials are manually loaded into a hopper, the powder materials are driven by a pneumatic motor to drive a screw shaft through a speed reducer and a coupler, the powder materials are extruded and pushed to a blanking pipe through the screw shaft, compressed air is communicated with the air inlet end of a venturi air material mixing pipe, the powder materials are sucked into the venturi air material mixing pipe under the action of negative pressure generated by the venturi principle, the compressed air and the powder materials are fully mixed in the venturi air material mixing pipe, the materials are blown to a front end spray gun through a conveying pipe under the mixed driving of low-pressure and high-flow-rate gas, the materials and spray nozzles in a spray gun mixing area are sprayed with uniformly atomized water, and then the atomized water is uniformly mixed and sprayed to a sprayed surface, and the spraying is.
Example 5
The material of the invention used in the following tests was a thin sprayed closure material according to example 1 of the invention.
1 thin spray floor test
Test temperature range: -6 ℃ to 20 ℃; the material for the test is cement powder 1 time, and is newly developed thin-spraying sealing material 3 times; the injection amount is 50 kg-250 kg each time, and the charging amount of the injection machine is preferably 100-125 kg; the diameter specification of the pipeline is 25mm and 40mm, and the length of the pipeline is 20 m-60 m; the test spraying surface is a cement wall surface, a cylindrical surface and a wood three-ply board.
Performing tests according to air supply, water supply and material supply processes, and adjusting the water-cement ratio of the sprayed slurry to be about 1: and 2, after the feeding is stable, carrying out a thin spraying ground test to finally obtain a uniform spraying effect.
The thin spraying equipment adopts the open powder spraying equipment in the embodiment 4, the load operation is normal and stable, and each parameter is correctly set and is convenient to adjust; the thin-spraying sealing material has good spraying film-forming property, and the curing strength meets the technical index requirement; dust and resilience in the spraying process are well controlled.
2 thin blowout underground industrial test
2.1 roadway geological conditions
The test is carried out in a machine excavation roadway arranged at-690 level by developing a return air main roadway of a south mining area of a second area by a mining division company of Donghua lump in 28390 (group). The roadway opening layer is a coal 12-2 top plate, the lithology is dark gray siltstone, the strip structure and the argillaceous cementation are mainly used for the air return task of a-690 horizontal and-950 horizontal southern wing mining area. Coal seam top and bottom plate crack water is easy to appear in the process of roadway driving, and the maximum water inflow of the roadway is estimated to be 0.34m3Min, normal water inflow 0.25m3/min。
2.2 test procedure
(1) The material loading of the jet machine is 100-125 kg, and the material loading is increased to 250kg after normal jet; the diameter of the pipeline is 25mm, and the horizontal spraying length is 40-60 m.
(2) Starting device
Firstly, starting an air compressor for supplying air, and blowing an air supply pipeline; then, starting a water pump to supply water, and spraying water at a discharge port in a foggy shape; according to the water pressure condition, two wind pressures are adjusted, and the consistency of three pressures is ensured. And according to the calculated feeding amount, primarily adjusting the water supply amount, wherein the water-cement ratio is about 1: 2. after the water supply and air supply conditions are stable, the feeding port is opened, after the feeding is stable, the water supply amount is finely adjusted according to the conditions, and the effects that the slurry is sprayed on the wall without obvious dust and rebounding and sagging are achieved.
(3) Guniting
During the guniting operation, a guniting hand needs to keep a distance of about 1.5m from a spraying surface, the width of a throwing surface for spraying the grout is about 0.5m, a spraying opening is kept vertical to the spraying surface, the guniting hand can uniformly translate at a speed of about 20m/min, and the spraying thickness and the uniformity can be ensured by a clockwise or anticlockwise slow circling method.
Adjusting air pressure and water pressure during injection to enable discharging to be stable and uniform, and enabling injection force to be moderate, so that the phenomenon that slurry cannot be lifted on a wall due to insufficient force and the phenomenon that the slurry rebounds due to overlarge force cannot occur; the water-cement ratio is proper, and water distribution is uniform; the spraying area of the nozzle for discharging is fixed with the distribution of the materials.
(4) End of guniting
And stopping feeding when the slurry spraying is finished, and continuously introducing water and air for 1-2 min after the slurry spraying is finished so as to clean the pipeline and avoid blockage. And then, respectively closing the water source and the air source, removing the pipeline and cleaning the equipment.
2.3 thin spray Performance test
(1) System injection performance assessment
(2) System overall technical index test
The uniform translation is carried out according to the speed of about 20m/min, and the spraying thickness and the uniformity are ensured by a clockwise or anticlockwise slow circling method, so that the more uniform spraying thickness of 5mm is obtained.
In the test, the dust concentration of the thin spraying operation is lower than 10mg/m3The method achieves the planning index and improves the environment of the operation place well.
The average rebound rate of the thin spraying operation tested in the test is not more than 15 percent, and the planned index is reached.
(3) Testing of major technical parameters
The jetting ability was actually measured to be 1m3And h, reaching the preset technical index.
In the test, a conveying distance of 40m is used all the time, and the working pressure is 0.2MPa and is far lower than the rated working pressure which can be borne by the thin-spraying machine.
(4) Operation process verification
Under the actual using condition of the underground mine, the novel thin spraying machine adopts an intermittent operation mode and an operation process of air compression conveying and water adding and humidifying of a spray head, and the feasibility of the novel thin spraying machine is verified through industrial tests, so that the novel thin spraying machine accords with the specific using condition of the underground mine.
Claims (2)
1. A thin spray sealing material is characterized in that: the thin spraying sealing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of RD type polymer powder, 30 parts of inorganic filler, 14.5 parts of inorganic film-forming agent and 0.5 part of auxiliary agent; wherein the inorganic filler is stone powder, the inorganic film-forming agent comprises 5.8 parts of sodium silicate, 5.8 parts of gypsum and 2.9 parts of white cement, and the auxiliary agent comprises 0.2 part of defoaming agent and 0.3 part of cellulose ether.
2. The thin spraying sealing method of the thin spraying sealing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thin spraying sealing method is to use an open powder spraying device, the open powder spraying device is provided with a connecting frame on a movable chassis, a power device and a hopper are arranged on the connecting frame, a spiral shaft connected with the power device through a coupling extends into the bottom of the hopper, and an upper inlet of a blanking pipe arranged up and down is arranged at the lower part of a discharge end of the spiral shaft; the outlet at the lower end of the blanking pipe is communicated with a feed inlet on the side wall of the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe, and a compressed air source is communicated with an air inlet of the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe; the spray gun is communicated with a discharge hole of the Venturi gas-material mixing pipe through a conveying pipe, and a spray nozzle which is communicated with the spray gun and used for spraying atomized water into the spray gun is further arranged on the spray gun;
the thin spraying sealing method comprises the following steps: mixing all components of the thin-spraying sealing material and then feeding the mixture into a hopper, driving a spiral shaft by a power device through a coupler, and pushing the mixed thin-spraying sealing material to a blanking pipe; introducing compressed air of the Venturi air-material mixing pipe from an air inlet of the Venturi air-material mixing pipe, sucking the thin-spraying sealing material into the Venturi air-material mixing pipe under the action of negative pressure to mix with the compressed air, blowing the thin-spraying sealing material to the spray gun through the conveying pipe under the driving of the compressed air, mixing the thin-spraying sealing material with atomized water sprayed through the spray nozzle in the spray gun, and then spraying out; the spraying thickness is 2mm-20mm, and the spraying speed is 5 m/min-20 m/min.
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Address after: 210018 Zhujianglu Road, Nanjing City, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, No. 370, Zhujianglu Road Applicant after: Nanjing coal science and Technology Research Co., Ltd. Address before: 210018 Zhujianglu Road, Nanjing City, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, No. 370, Zhujianglu Road Applicant before: Nanjing Inst., Coal Scientific General Inst. |
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