CN105624481A - Aluminium product preparation technology capable of reducing cost and energy consumption - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminium product preparation technology capable of reducing the cost and energy consumption. The aluminium product preparation technology sequentially comprises the following steps of material selection and preparation, raw material furnace loading, smelting, copper adding, silicon adding, slag removal, beryllium adding, mixing, sampling analysis and component adjustment, wherein in the step of material selection and preparation, the following materials, by weight, 4-5 parts of primary aluminium, 4-5 parts of zip-top cans, 0.4-0.8 part of silicon metal, 1-1.5 parts of reclaimed ingots and 0.05-0.1 part of waste copper are selected. The aluminium product preparation technology is simple, and is high in practicability, and a qualified finished ADC12 alloy ingot can be formed by adopting the materials such as primary aluminium, the zip-top cans, silicon metal, the reclaimed ingots and waste copper. Compared with the blending mode of secondary aluminum in the prior art, the cost of per ton of finished products prepared by the aluminium product preparation technology can be saved by around 200-300 yuan.

Description

A kind of reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption

Technical field

The present invention relates to the preparation technology of a kind of aluminium alloy, refer in particular to a kind of reducing costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption.

Background technology

Aluminium alloy is the general name of the alloy taking aluminium as base, and main alloy element comprises copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and minor element contains nickel, iron, titanium, lithium, and the performance of alloy finished product is had a significant impact by principal element content in alloy, proportioning and foreign matter content.

Chinese invention patent (application number: 200810106873.5) disclosing a kind of cold melt process for secondary aluminium, it, by clear in secondary aluminum furnace chargeization, form molten bath, and melt temperature is controlled at 630��720 DEG C; The selected silicon metal prepared is divided some batches of press-in molten baths, and adopts the artificial or method of mechanical stirring or induction stirring, make silicon metal fully be dissolved into melt; Add other various alloying elements again, abundant stirring and dissolving, until composition is qualified, after composition is qualified, carry out refinement and denaturation process, when meeting the requirements of teeming temperature, skimming casting ingot-forming. Although above secondary aluminum low smelting heat method can realize high recovery rate and energy-conservation double effects, but also has following weak point in the use procedure of reality: it mainly needs to adopt secondary aluminum as raw material, the preparation cost height of unit volume aluminium alloy.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of and reduces costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, and its main purpose is to overcome the high defect of preparation cost that existing secondary aluminum low smelting heat technique exists.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

Reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, comprise the following steps: a, selection are got the raw materials ready: choose raw aluminium 4��5 weight part, pop can 4��5 weight part, Pure Silicon Metal 0.4��0.8 weight part, regeneration ingot 1��1.5 weight part, copper scrap 0.05��0.1 weight part;

B, raw material shove charge: the raw aluminium of the raw material prepared by step a, pop can and regeneration ingot load in smelting furnace;

C, melting: the raw material filled is carried out intensification melting;

D, add copper: when after a furnace charge fusing part, can evenly add the copper scrap that step a prepares in liquid, copper scrap can just be flooded with the melt in molten bath and be advisable;

E, add silicon: the scum silica frost of aluminium liquid is taken off totally, then add the Pure Silicon Metal that step a prepares;

F, take off slag: when furnace charge fully melts in molten bath, and when melt temperature reaches smelting temperature, a large amount of oxidation sludges that bath surface is floating can be removed;

G, add beryllium: mix with flux for metallurgy with sodium beryllium fluoride and add;

H, stirring: by stirring, alloying constituent is uniformly distributed, makes temperature in melt reach unanimity simultaneously;

I, sampling analysis: melt, after fully stirring, namely should sample and carry out both analysis, the whether conformance with standard requirement of analytical chemistry composition;

J, composition adjustment: when real-time analysis result and alloying constituent require not to be consistent, just answer adjusting component to water down or feed supplement. .

Further, in step a, described selection is got the raw materials ready and is comprised: choose 4.5 tons, raw aluminium, pop can 4 tons, Pure Silicon Metal 0.58 ton, regeneration 1.2 tons, ingot, copper scrap 0.085 weight part.

Further, in stepb, described raw material shove charge comprises: during charging, first fills fritter, thin slice and pop can, then regeneration ingot and big block material is contained in centre, finally the raw aluminium of dress, and the furnace charge of loading should be uniformly distributed in molten bath, prevents from laying particular stress on.

Further, in step c, described melting also comprises use smelting solvent and is covered on point molten metal surface.

Further, in step h, described whipping process also adds demagging agent.

Further, described demagging agent is led in point molten metal as carrier by nitrogen.

Compared to the prior art, the useful effect that the present invention produces is:

Technique structure of the present invention is simple, practical, by selecting the materials such as raw aluminium, pop can, Pure Silicon Metal, regeneration ingot and copper scrap can allot qualified finished product ADC12 alloy pig. Comparing the batching mode of secondary aluminum in prior art, the cost of the obtained one ton of finished product of the present invention can save 200 yuan��about 300 yuan.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Without accompanying drawing.

Embodiment

The following describes the specific embodiment of the present invention.

Technique provided by the invention may be used for preparation GB ADC12 aluminium ingot.

Wherein this GB ADC12 following form of aluminium ingot composition:

The present invention is mentioned to reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption comprises the steps:

The first step: selection is got the raw materials ready: raw 4.5 tons, aluminium, pop can or briquetting aluminium cut 4 tons, 553# Pure Silicon Metal 0.58 ton, regeneration 1.2 tons, ingot, copper scrap 0.085 ton. Above material can allot qualified finished product ADC12 alloy pig, and because of higher containing magnesium inside pop can, the available magnesium that removes squeezes the unnecessary Mg content of removing. Cost one ton of more normally preparing burden can save 200 yuan about-300 yuan.

2nd step: the raw aluminium of the raw material the first step prepared, pop can and regeneration ingot load in smelting furnace.

The immediate starting material of composition and the most reasonable loading sequence can be selected during melting, because during melting, load the order of furnace charge and method is not only related to time of melting, the scaling loss of metal, heat energy consumption, also can have influence on the quality of metal melt and the work-ing life of stove.

In this step, the principle of charging has:

1, shove charge material order should be reasonable. Correct charging to be determined according to added furnace charge character and state, but also should be taken into account the fastest burn-off rate, minimum scaling loss and accurately chemical Composition Control. During charging, first dress fritter or thin slice waste material, aluminium ingot and big block material are contained in centre, finally fill master alloy. The oxidizable master alloy of fusing point is contained in middle lower floor. The furnace charge loaded should be uniformly distributed in molten bath, prevents from laying particular stress on. Fritter or thin plate material are contained in molten bath lower floor, can reduce scaling loss like this, body of heater can also be protected to damage from the direct impact of big block material simultaneously. The fusing point height that master alloy has, the fusing point such as AL-NI and AL-MN alloy is 750-800 DEG C, is contained in upper strata, owing to stove internal upper part temperature height easily melts, also has the sufficient time to spread; Master alloy is evenly distributed, is then conducive to the Composition Control of melt. Furnace charge dress is flat, and the burn-off rate localized metallic caused when being possible to prevent like this to lay particular stress on that is more or less the same is overheated everywhere. Furnace charge should be tried one's best and be added material for the first time, many observation fusing situations in fusion process, often stirs aluminium water at fusion process and makes even up and down, melts with utmost dispatch, can not cause again aluminium water local superheating, and increase the scaling loss of aluminium. Flame can be transferred to little fire state during stirring, 2 ignition time and calorific loss can be saved. Ensure aluminium water temp, not higher than 700 DEG C, 2 times reinforced time should pull down the aluminium slag that produces of first time melting, prevent 2 times reinforced time slag is brought into inside aluminium liquid, 2 times reinforced time should control aluminium liquid and both can heat up when half curdled appearance, stir in time in combustion processes, keep temperature of aluminum liquid between 670-700 DEG C, aluminium scaling loss and unnecessary calorific loss can be controlled so very well.

2, for the furnace charge of the high product of specification of quality except above-mentioned charging requires, 20-30kg ground flux must be spread in molten bath before charging, furnace charge is wanted layering to spread ground flux by loading furnace process, the pure degree of body of heater can be improved like this, it is also possible to Loss reducing. Should noting in melting process preventing melt overheat, particularly during gas furnace (or gas furnace) melting, fire box temperature, up to 1200 DEG C, easily produces local superheating under such high temperatures. For this reason after furnace charge melts, should suitably stir melt, so that homogeneous temperature is consistent everywhere in molten bath, also be beneficial to simultaneously and accelerate fusing.

3rd step: melting: the raw material filled is carried out intensification melting. Along with the rising of charge-temperature in melting process, particularly after furnace charge starts fusing, the oxide film that metal outer surface covers is easy to break, and will lose provide protection gradually. At this moment gas waited and be easy to invade, and causes the further oxidation of interior metal. And the liquid melted or liquid stream to be flowed to furnace bottom, when drop or liquid flow to into bottom collect time, the oxide film on its surface will be mixed in melt. So in order to prevent metal be oxidized further and reduce the oxide film entering melt, when collapsing under furnace charge is softening, suitably should spreading last layer ground flux to metallic surface and cover, its consumption is in Table. The metal getter in melting process can also be reduced like this.

3rd step: add copper: when after a furnace charge fusing part, can evenly add the copper scrap of preparation in liquid, copper scrap can just be flooded with the melt in molten bath and be advisable; At this moment it is emphasized that, the fusing point of copper coin is 1083 DEG C, and in aluminium alloy smelting temperature range, copper is dissolved in aluminium alloy melt. Therefore, if copper coin adds too early, melt fails to be covered, and will increase the scaling loss of copper coin like this; If instead adding excessively late, copper coin has little time to dissolve and diffusion, will extend fusing time, and affect the chemical Composition Control of alloy. During electrosmelting, should avoid changing resistance silk ribbon as far as possible, in case foul falls into melt, pollute metal.

4th step: add silicon: the scum silica frost of aluminium liquid is taken off totally, then adds the Pure Silicon Metal of preparation; Should the scum silica frost of aluminium liquid being taken off totally when adding silicon, can not produce silicon bag slag phenomenon, have no idea to touch Pure Silicon Metal if silicon is lived aluminium liquid by aluminium cinder ladle, silicon be just difficult to fusing. The fusing point of silicon is at 1414 DEG C, silicon is dissolved in aluminium alloy melt, be slowly it is dissolved by aluminium liquid, there is eutectic reaction in aluminum silicon alloy when 577 DEG C, generates the al-si eutectic body that silicon content is 12.6%, now silicon the most easily melts, all time adding silicon should calculate the aluminium liquid measure of melt and add the amount of silicon, reaches the ratio of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, if aluminium liquid very little time add silicon and can form hypereutectic, it is difficult to fusing more than 14.26% silicon, and more high more infusibilized containing silicon.

5th step: take off slag: when furnace charge fully melts in molten bath, and when melt temperature reaches smelting temperature, can remove a large amount of oxidation sludges that bath surface is floating; First should evenly be sprinkled into ground flux on melt before taking off slag, so that slag and metal separation, be conducive to taking off slag, it is possible to take metal less out of. Take off slag requirement steady, prevent slag to be involved in melt. Take off slag to want thoroughly, because the existence of scum silica frost can increase the air content of melt, and metal of making dirty.

6th step: add beryllium: mix with flux for metallurgy with sodium beryllium fluoride and add. It is the scaling loss preventing magnesium for high-magnesium aluminum alloy, and changes melt and the character of ingot casting surface film oxide, the beryllium of a small amount of (0.001%-0.004%) must be added after adding magnesium in melt. Beryllium generally mixes by 1:1 with Al-BeF4 and No. 2 ground fluxs and adds, and should fully stir after adding. NaBeF+Al �� 2NaF+AlF+Be.

For preventing the poisoning of beryllium, mouth mask should be worn when adding beryllium and operate. In addition, take off dregs also after adding beryllium to be deposited in special stacking place or make special disposal.

6th step: stir: by stirring, alloying constituent is uniformly distributed, makes temperature in melt reach unanimity simultaneously. This whipping process also adds demagging agent. And described demagging agent leads to by nitrogen in point molten metal before sampling as carrier, after adjustment chemical composition, all should stir in time. Its object is to that alloying constituent is uniformly distributed reach unanimity with temperature in melt. This appears to is one extremely simple operation, but in technological process is very important operation. Because the alloying element that some density are bigger easily sinks to the bottom, adding of alloying element can not definitely evenly in addition, and this just causes between melt levels, and in stove, between each region, the distribution of alloying element is uneven. Thoroughly if stirred (do not ensure the time of sufficiently long and eliminate dead angle), it is easy to cause melt chemistry uneven components. Stirring should steadily carry out, it should not evokes too big wave, in case in oxide entrapment melt. In fusion process, owing to various reason all may make alloying constituent change, this kind of change may make the true composition of melt and charge calculation value that bigger deviation occurs. Thus need to after furnace charge to melt, sampling carries out real-time analysis, so that according to analytical results the need of adjusting component.

7th step: sampling analysis: melt, after fully stirring, namely should sample and carry out both analysis, the whether conformance with standard requirement of analytical chemistry composition; Melt, after fully stirring, namely should sample and carry out both analysis, the whether conformance with standard requirement of analytical chemistry composition. In stove during sampling melt temperature should be not less than in smelting temperature limit. The sampling point of real-time analysis sample is representative, opens right steam stove (or gas furnace) and respectively gets one group of sample at position, two fire door centers, and electric furnace gets two groups of samples at the position, center of 1/2nd melts. Before sampling, sample spoon to be carried out preheating, and for high-purity Al and Alalloy, this prevents sample spoon from polluting, and sampling should adopt stainless steel sample spoon and painting is coated.

8th step: composition adjustment: when real-time analysis result and alloying constituent require not to be consistent, just answer adjusting component to water down or feed supplement.

(2) feed supplement. Real-time analysis result needs feed supplement when requiring lower than alloy composition. In order to make feed supplement accurate, should calculate by following principle:

1) after the few person of first calculation amount, many persons are measured in calculation;

2) alloying element is calculated after first calculating impurity;

3) master alloy of low composition is first calculated, the rear master alloy calculating high composition;

4) new metal is finally calculated

Generally can by following formula approximate calculate needed for the doses added, then adjusted, formula is as follows:

X=Q(a-b)/a

The doses added needed for X in formula, kg;

Q melt total amount (i.e. charging capacity), kg;

The requirement content of a composition, %;

The amount of analysis of this composition of b, %;

C is respectively the add-on of other metal or master alloy, kg;

The content (if adding pure metal, then d=100) of this composition in d feed supplement master alloy, %.

(2) water down.

Real-time analysis result just need to water down higher than during the upper limit of the national standard of chemical composition, delivery standard etc. When watering down higher than the alloying element communications centre of chemical composition standard to this alloying element content upper limit lower than standard-required. The aluminum fabrication plant of China, according to production practice over the years, has all formulated in-house standard for aluminium alloy, to make these alloys obtain good castability and mechanical property. For this reason, generally all rush to the chemical composition being near or below in the factory of this element needed for the chemical composition standard upper limit when watering down. The required amount of watering down generally is calculated according to the following formula when watering down.

X=Q(b-a)/a

The amount of analysis of b composition in formula, %;

The requirement content of (in factory) standard upper limit of this composition of a, %;

Q melt total amount, kg;

The amount of watering down needed for X, kg;

The item that should note during adjusting component in above step: (1) sample unit is representative. Sample is add as without representativeness, and some element density is relatively big, dissolves velocity of diffusion slow, or is easy to segregation layering. Therefore should fully stir before sampling, with evenly its composition, due to reverberatory furnace surface temperature of molten pool height, bottom temperature is low, it does not have transmission of heat by convection effect, repeatedly to be stirred before sampling, and each churning time must not less than 5min.

(2) sampling point and working method are wanted rationally. Owing to reverberatory furnace molten bath is big and dark, although repeatedly stirring before sampling, the composition at Nei Ge position, molten bath still has certain deviation, and therefore, sample should take out at 1/2nd places of most position, deep in the middle part of molten bath. Should by abundant for sample mould heat drying before sampling, during sampling, working method is correct, and sample is met the requirements, otherwise sample has pore, folder slag or undesirable, all can bring certain error to real-time analysis.

(3) during sampling, temperature is wanted suitably. The element that some density is big, its dissolving velocity of diffusion is accelerated along with the rising of temperature. If melt temperature is lower before sampling, although through repeatedly stirring, it is still very slow that it dissolves velocity of diffusion, and the sample now taken out still without representative, therefore should control melt temperature before sampling suitably higher.

(4) feed supplement and general all with master alloy when watering down, the new metal charge that fusing point is higher and more infusibilized, should avoid.

(5) feed supplement amount and the amount of watering down should be more few more good under the prerequisite ensureing alloying element requirement. And the capacity of smelting furnace should be considered when watering down and whether be convenient to the relevant operation that waters down.

(6) if when the amount of watering down is bigger, also should fill into other alloying element, the content of these alloying elements should be made to be not less than corresponding standard or requirement.

9th step: refining: the aluminium alloy overwhelming majority of industrial production no longer establishes gas refinement steel process at smelting furnace, and mainly by standing furnace refining and the process of online cleaning molten, just the aluminum fabrication plant having still also is provided with smelting furnace refining, its objective is the purity in order to improve melt. These method of refining can be divided into two classes: i.e. gas refinement method and flux-refining method.

Tenth step: come out of the stove: when melt is through refining treatment, and after clawing surface scum, when temperature is suitable, metal melt can be infused into standing furnace, to prepare casting.

11 step: clear stove: clear stove is exactly slagging scorification remaining in stove thoroughly cleared out outside stove. After metal is come out of the stove, all to be carried out once clear stove. When alloy conversion, common goods produce 5-15 stove continuously, and particular product often produces a stove, generally will carry out big clear stove. During big clear stove, first evenly should be sprinkled into one layer of ground flux in stove, and fire box temperature is risen to more than 800 DEG C, then with triangle shovel, slagging scorification remaining everywhere in stove thoroughly be removed.

Compared to the prior art, the useful effect that the present invention produces is:

Technique structure of the present invention is simple, practical, by selecting the materials such as raw aluminium, pop can, Pure Silicon Metal, regeneration ingot and copper scrap can allot qualified finished product ADC12 alloy pig. Comparing the batching mode of secondary aluminum in prior art, the cost of the obtained one ton of finished product of the present invention can save 200 yuan��about 300 yuan.

Above are only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the design of the present invention design is not limited thereto, all changes utilizing this design that the present invention carries out unsubstantiality, all should belong to the behavior invading protection domain of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. one kind reduces costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: a, selection are got the raw materials ready: choose raw aluminium 4��5 weight part, pop can 4��5 weight part, Pure Silicon Metal 0.4��0.8 weight part, regeneration ingot 1��1.5 weight part, copper scrap 0.05��0.1 weight part;

B, raw material shove charge: the raw aluminium of the raw material prepared by step a, pop can and regeneration ingot load in smelting furnace;

C, melting: the raw material filled is carried out intensification melting;

D, add copper: when after a furnace charge fusing part, can evenly add the copper scrap that step a prepares in liquid, copper scrap can just be flooded with the melt in molten bath and be advisable;

E, add silicon: the scum silica frost of aluminium liquid is taken off totally, then add the Pure Silicon Metal that step a prepares;

F, take off slag: when furnace charge fully melts in molten bath, and when melt temperature reaches smelting temperature, a large amount of oxidation sludges that bath surface is floating can be removed;

G, add beryllium: mix with flux for metallurgy with sodium beryllium fluoride and add;

H, stirring: by stirring, alloying constituent is uniformly distributed, makes temperature in melt reach unanimity simultaneously;

I, sampling analysis: melt, after fully stirring, namely should sample and carry out both analysis, the whether conformance with standard requirement of analytical chemistry composition;

J, composition adjustment: when real-time analysis result and alloying constituent require not to be consistent, just answer adjusting component to water down or feed supplement.

2. a kind of as claimed in claim 1 reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, it is characterized in that: in step a, described selection is got the raw materials ready and is comprised: choose 4.5 tons, raw aluminium, pop can 4 tons, Pure Silicon Metal 0.58 ton, regeneration 1.2 tons, ingot, copper scrap 0.085 weight part.

3. a kind of as claimed in claim 1 reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, it is characterized in that: in stepb, described raw material shove charge comprises: during charging, first fill fritter, thin slice and pop can, then regeneration ingot and big block material are contained in centre, the finally raw aluminium of dress, the furnace charge of loading should be uniformly distributed in molten bath, prevents from laying particular stress on.

4. a kind of as claimed in claim 1 reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, it is characterised in that: in step c, described melting also comprises using smelts solvent and is covered on point molten metal surface.

5. a kind of as claimed in claim 1 reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, it is characterised in that: in step h, described whipping process also adds demagging agent.

6. a kind of as claimed in claim 5 reduce costs and the aluminum products preparation technology of energy consumption, it is characterised in that: described demagging agent is led in point molten metal as carrier by nitrogen.